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Effects of the standardized ileal digestible lysine to metabolizable energy ratio on performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第1期3卷 42-50页

作者： Pengfei Li Zhikai Zeng Ding Wang Lingfeng Xue Rongfei Zhang Xiangshu Piao Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre State Key Laboratory of Animar NutritionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

A total of 2,121 growing-finishing pigs （Duroc × Landrace ×Large White） were utilized in six experiments conducted to determine the effects of different ratios of standardized ileal digestible lysine （SID-Lys） to metabolizable energy （ME） on the performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Exps. 1 （30 to 50 kg）, 2 （52 to 70 kg） and 3 （81 to 104 kg） were conducted to find an optimum ME level and then this level was used in Exps. 4 （29 to 47 kg）, 5 （54 to 76 kg） and 6 （84 to 109 kg） to test the response of pigs to different ratios of SID-Lys：ME. In Exps.1 to 3, four treatments were used consisting of diets with a formulated ME content of 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 or 3.4 in Exps. I and 2 while Exp. 3 used 3.05, 3.1 S, 3.25 or 3.35 Mcal/kg. A constant SID-Lys：ME ratio of 2.6, 2.3 or 2.0 g/Mcal was used in Exps. 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Weight gain was significantly increased with increasing energy level in Exp.1 while weight gain was unaltered in Exps. 2 and 3. For all three experiments, feed intake was decreased （P 〈 0.05） and feed efficiency was improved （P 〈 0.05） with increasing energy level. Tenth rib back fat thickness linearly increased （P 〈 0.05） with increasing energy level, in Exps. 4 to 6, five treatments were used consisting of diets with a SID-Lys：ME ratio of 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0 or 3.2 in Exp. 1, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.9 or 3.2 in Exp. 2 and 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, or 2.6 in Exp. 3. A constant ME level 3.2, 3.2 and 3.05 Mcal/kg was used in Exps. 1, 2 and 3, respectively （selected based on the results of weight gain）. For all three experiments, weight gain increased （P 〈 0.05） and feed efficiency improved linearly （P 〈 0.05） as the SID-Lys：ME ratio increased. Tenth rib back fat thickness linearly decreased （P 〈 0.0,5） as the SID-Lys：ME ratio increased. Based on a straight broken-line model, the estimated SID-Lys：ME ratio to maximize weight gain was 3.0, 2.43 and 2.2 for 29 to 47, 54 to76 and 84 to 109 kg of pigs, respectively.

关键词： carcass characteristics performance growing-finishing pigs metabolizable energy standardized ilea diqestible lysine

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Effects of the Ratio of n-6∶n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Maternal Diet on Immunoglobulins,Fatty Acid Composition,and Performance of Lactating Sows and Suckling Piglets under Conditions of Low Maternal Energy Intake

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2011年第3期2卷 141-152页

作者： Wei Yao Hongliang Zhao Jie Li Zhijun Wang Yuhuang Han Shuren Dong Yuejiang Wang Fenglai Wang Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Beijing Sinofarm Stud Livestock Co. LTD. Beijing 100193 China Tianjin National Breeding Pig Farm Tianjin 301500 China

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of n-6 ∶ n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） in sow diets on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets at low digestible energy intakes. Twenty-one pregnant Landrace sows were assigned to one of three diets from day 108 of gestation until weaning （26 to 29 d） ,containing n-6∶n-3 PUFA ratios of 3 ∶1,8 ∶1 and 11 ∶1. The effects on sow and litter production traits and on sow body condition were examined. There were no differences among treatments in daily feed intakes or in changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation. Litter size,litter weight at birth and weaning and litter average daily weight gain were also unaffected by treatment. As expected, large differences were observed in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the colostrum and plasma of sows and piglets （P 〈 0. 01） . The ratio of n6 ∶ n-3 PUFA the diet was positively correlated with those in colostrum,sow plasma and piglet plasma （R 2= 0. 55,0. 80 and 0. 80,respectively） . Sow plasma insulin and IGF-I levels at weaning were unaffected by the treatments. Plasma leptin （P 〈 0. 05） concentrations were increased in sows fed the diet with a n-6∶n-3 ratio of 8 ∶ 1. Immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum were not altered by dietary treatment. Plasma IgG concentrations at d 14 were highest in piglets from sows fed the 8 ∶ 1 ratio of n-6∶n-3. Furthermore,this group had the highest IgA concentrations at day 21 of lactation compared with the other two groups （P 〈 0. 05） . In summary,our study demonstrated that at low digestible energy levels,altering the ratio of n-6 ∶ n-3 PUFA in the diets for lactating sows affected immune components and the fatty acid composition of lactating sows and their piglets. Further studies are needed to examine whether higher levels of fat supplementation than those used in the present study （1. 5%） can successfully enhance performance.

关键词： fatty acid composition hormones immunoglobulin n-6∶n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids sows

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Intrauterine growth restriction alters nutrient metabolism in the intestine of porcine offspring

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 649-660页

作者： Tiantian Li Shimeng Huang Long Lei Shiyu Tao Yi Xiong Guoyao Wu Jie Hu Xiongkun Yuan Shengjun Zhao Bin Zuo Hongjian Yang Yingping Xiao Gang Lin Junjun Wang state key laboratory of animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193People’s Republic of China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan 430023People’s Republic of China Department of animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA state key laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-productsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310021People’s Republic of China key laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural ProductsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081People’s Republic of China

Background:Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)has negative impacts on the postnatal survival,growth and development of humans and animals,with not only on newborns but also ***,the characteristics for nutrient digestion and absorption in IUGR offspring are still largely ***,the normal birth weight(NBW)and IUGR growing pigs were used in this study to investigate their differences in nutrient utilization,with an expectition for further nutritional optimization of the IUGR offspring during their later ***:Twelve IUGR and 12 NBW growing pigs were fitted with catheters in their portal vein to measure blood flow rate as well as nutrients and metabolites in *** digestibilities of nutrients in different intestinal segments,and bacterial fermentation in the large intestine were examined to reveal the characteristics of nutrients utilization in IUGR versus NBW ***:The rate of portal venous blood flow did not differ beween IUGR and NBW *** concentrations of total cholesterol,triglycerides and glucose were much lower but those of urea were higher in the portal vein of IUGR pigs,compared with the NBW *** ileal digestibility of dry matter,gross energy and starch were lower in IUGR pigs than in NBW *** increased hindgut microbial diversity and bacterial fermentation activity in the *** vitro cross-fermentation of ileal digesta by caecal microbes of NBW and IUGR pigs showed that gas production was much higher for IUGR ileal digesta regardless of the source of caecal ***:IUGR impairs the nutrient digestion and absorption in small intestine,reduces caecal microbial diversity and promotes bacterial fermentation in the large intestine during the growing *** findings aid in our understanding of nutrient metabolism in IUGR pigs and provide the basis for future nutritional interventions.

关键词： Absorption Digestion Fermentation IUGR pigs Portal vein

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Effects of catechins on litter size,reproductive performance and antioxidative status in gestating sows

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animal Nutrition 2015年第4期1卷 271-275页

作者： Zhiyong Fan Yong Xiao Yonghui Chen Xin Wu Guanglei Zhang Qinhua Wang Chunyan Xie Engineering Research Center for Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education Institute of Animal Nutrition Hunan Agricultural University Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of catechins on reproductive performance, antioxidative capacity and immune function of gestating sows. A total of 60 cross-bred（Landrace × Large White） multiparious sows were blocked by body weight, parity and backfact and randomly allocated to 1 of 5 treatments: 0.100,200,300, or 400 mg/kg catechins. Dietary treatments were imposed from mating to d 40 of gestation of sows. At farrowing, litter total born, born alive, dead, and normal-（healthy piglets,>0.85 kg） and low-birth weight piglets（ 0.05）. Sows received 200 mg catechin per kg diets showed a reduction（P < 0.05） of the serum MDA level at farrowing compared with all other treatments. Sows received all the levels of catechin showed a reduction（P < 0.05） of serum H2 O2 level compared with sows received the control diet on both d 40 of gestation and farrowing. Our results demonstrated that the catechins may be a potential antioxidant to increase the reproductive performance and antioxidative capacity of sows

关键词： Antioxidative capacity Catechins Gestating sows Litter size Reproductive performance

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Effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation on fiber digestibility,nitrogen balance,rumen fermentation,microbiota and methane emissions in goats

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 491-500页

作者： Xiumin Zhang Rodolfo F.Medrano Min Wang Karen A.Beauchemin Zhiyuan Ma Rong Wang Jiangnan Wen Lukuyu A.Bernard Zhiliang Tan key laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125HunanChina University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Veterinary Science and Medicine Central Luzon State UniversityScience City of Munoz3120 Nueva EcijaPhilippines College of animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128People’s Republic of China Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeAlberta T1J 4B1Canada International livestock Research Institute POB 30709Nairobi 00100Kenya.

Background: Urea pretreatment is an efficient strategy to improve fiber digestibility of low quality roughages for ruminants. Nitrate and oil are usually used to inhibit enteric methane(CH4) emissions from ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine the combined effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation to the diet on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen(N) balance, CH4 emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbiota in goats. Nine female goats were used in a triple 3 × 3 Latin Square design(27 d periods). The treatments were: control(untreated rice straw, no added corn oil), rice straw pretreated with urea and nitrate(34 and 4.7 g/kg of rice straw on a dry matter [DM] basis, respectively, UN), and UN diet supplemented with corn oil(15 g/kg soybean and15 g/kg corn were replaced by 30 g/kg corn oil, DM basis, UNCO).Results: Compared with control, UN increased neutral detergent fiber(NDF) digestibility(P < 0.001) and copies of protozoa(P < 0.001) and R. albus(P < 0.05) in the rumen, but decreased N retention(-21.2%, P < 0.001), dissolved hydrogen concentration(-22.8%, P < 0.001), molar proportion of butyrate(-18.2%, P < 0.05),(acetate + butyrate) to propionate ratio(P < 0.05) and enteric CH4 emissions(-10.2%, P < 0.05). In comparison with UN, UNCO increased N retention(+34.9%, P < 0.001) and decreased copies of protozoa(P < 0.001) and methanogens(P < 0.001). Compared with control, UNCO increased NDF digestibility(+8.3%, P < 0.001), reduced ruminal dissolved CH4 concentration(-24.4%, P < 0.001) and enteric CH4 emissions(-12.6%, P < 0.05).Conclusions: A combination of rice straw pretreated with urea plus nitrate and corn oil supplementation of the diet improved fiber digestibility and lowered enteric CH4 emissions without negative effects on N retention. These strategies improved the utilization of rice straw by goats.

关键词： Dissolved hydrogen Methane Nitrate Oil Rumen fermentation Urea

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Glutamine in suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced piglet intestinal inflammation:The crosstalk between AMPK activation and mitochondrial function

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animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 137-147页

作者： Liuqin He Xihong Zhou Ziping Wu Yanzhong Feng Di Liu Tiejun Li Yulong Yin Hunan Provincial key laboratory of animal Intestinal Function and Regulation Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China key laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessChangsha410125China Agricultural and Food Economics Queen's University BelfastNorthern IrelandBT95PXUnited Kingdom Heilongjiang Academy of Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin150086China

The study was conducted to investigate the regulatory mechanism of glutamine(Gln)on intestinal inflammation in an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide(*** LPS)-induced in vivo and in vitro ***(n=8)weaned at 21 d of age were fed a basal diet(control and LPS groups)or 1%Gln diet(Gln t LPS group)ad libitum for 4 *** d 22,24,26 and 28,piglets in the LPS and Gln t LPS groups were intraperitoneally injected with *** *** porcine epithelial cells(IPEC-J2)(n=6)induced by LPS were used to assess related mechanisms and compound C was used to inhibit adenosine 50-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)*** current results showed that compared with the LPS treatment,the Gln t LPS treatment had better growth performance and greater villus height(P<0.05),and the Gln t LPS treatment reduced the rate of diarrhea by 6.4%(P<0.05);the Gln t LPS treatment decreased serum tumor necrosis factor(TNF-ɑ),interleukin-6(IL-6),Kt,cortisol and insulin levels,whereas increased(P<0.05)serum immunoglobulin M and epidermal growth factor levels;the Gln t LPS treatment increased(P<0.05)the expression of aquaporins and AMPK pathwayassociated targets in the jejunum and ileum of piglets,whereas decreased the expression of ion transporters(P<0.05).The in vitro results showed that 4 mmol/L Gln administration could inhibit(P<0.05)cell apoptosis and interleukin-1b(IL-1b),IL-6 and TNF-ɑsecretion in LPS-induced IPEC-J2 cells,promote(P<0.05)mitochondrial respiratory metabolism and increase(P<0.05)the number of mitochondria and mitochondrial membrane *** activity of AMPK was elevated by 70%to 300%in Gln-treated IPEC-J2 cells under LPS challenge or normal *** results indicate that pre-administration of Gln to piglets suppresses intestinal inflammation by modulating the crosstalk between AMPK activation and mitochondrial function.

关键词： Glutamine Weaned piglet Intestinal inflammation AMPK Mitochondrial function

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Bacterial persisters: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic development

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第8期9卷 3305-3336页

作者： Hongxia Niu Jiaying Gu Ying Zhang School of Basic Medical Science and key laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053 ZhejiangChina state key laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003 ZhejiangChina Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong laboratory Jinan 250022 ShandongChina

Persisters refer to genetically drug susceptible quiescent(non-growing or slow growing)bacteria that survive in stress environments such as antibiotic exposure,acidic and starvation *** cells can regrow after stress removal and remain susceptible to the same *** are underlying the problems of treating chronic and persistent infections and relapse infections after treatment,drug resistance development,and biofilm infections,and pose significant challenges for effective *** the characteristics and the exact mechanisms of persister formation,especially the key molecules that affect the formation and survival of the persisters is critical to more effective treatment of chronic and persistent ***,genes related to persister formation and survival are being discovered and confirmed,but the mechanisms by which bacteria form persisters are very complex,and there are still many unanswered *** article comprehensively summarizes the historical background of bacterial persisters,details their complex characteristics and their relationship with antibiotic tolerant and resistant bacteria,systematically elucidates the interplay between various bacterial biological processes and the formation of persister cells,as well as consolidates the diverse anti-persister compounds and *** hope to provide theoretical background for in-depth research on mechanisms of persisters and suggest new ideas for choosing strategies for more effective treatmentofpersistent infections.

关键词： mechanisms treatment persist

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Follicle-stimulating hormone increases the intramuscular fat content and expression of lipid biosynthesis genes in chicken breast muscle

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2016年第4期17卷 303-310页

作者： Xiao-yan CUI Ying-ying LI Ran-ran LIU Gui-ping ZHAO Mai-qing ZHENG Qing-he LI Jie WEN Institute of animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition

Intramuscular fat （IMF） is a crucial factor in the quality of chicken meat. The genetic basis underlying it is complex. Follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）, well-known as an effector in reproductive tissues, was recently discovered to stimulate abdominal fat accumulation in chicken. The effect of FSH on IMF accumulation and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms controlling both IMF and abdominal fat deposition in vivo are largely unknown. In this study, two groups of chickens were treated with chicken FSH or a placebo. The lipid content of breast muscle, abdominal fat volume, and serum concentrations of FSH were examined. Related genes implicated in breast muscle and abdominal fat accumulation were also investigated. Compared to the control group, the triglyceride （TG） content of breast muscle and the percentage of abdominal fat in FSH-treated chickens were significantly increased by 64.9% and 56.5% （P〈0.01）, respectively. The FSH content in the serum of FSH-treated chickens was 2.1 times than that of control chickens （P〈0.01）. Results from quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） assays showed that relative expression levels of fatty acid synthase （FAS）, lipoprotein lipase （LPL）, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 （DGAT2）, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein （A-FABP）, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ~ （PPARy） were significantly upregulated in breast muscle following FSH treatment （P〈0.01）. Treatment with FSH also signifi- cantly increased relative expression levels of FAS, LPL, DGA T2, A-FABP, and PPARy in abdominal fat tissue （P〈0.05） The results of principal component analysis （PCA） for gene expression （breast muscle and abdominal fat） showed that the control and FSH treatment groups were well separated, which indicated the reliability of the data. This study demonstrates that FSH plays an important role in IMF accumulation in female chickens, which likely involves the regulation of biosynthesis genes related to lipid metab

关键词： Follicle-stimulating hormone Intramuscular fat Abdominal fat Chickens mRNA expression

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Effect of red clover isoflavones on hormone,immune,inflammatory,and plasma biochemistry in lactating dairy cows

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 306-312页

作者： Shiqi Zhang Xiaoyin Zhang Zhanbo Xiong Kexin Li Yuan Gao Ying Bu Nan Zheng Shengguo Zhao Jiaqi Wang state key laboratory of animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China

This study was to conducted to investigate the effect of red clover isoflavones on the health indicated by immune status and blood biochemistry in dairy ***-eight healthy Holstein lactating cows were randomly divided into four treatments(n=17 per treatment)from 5 blocks according to milk yield using a randomized complete block *** initial differences in parity(2.13±1.21),days in milk(165±21 d),and milk yield(33.93±3.81 kg/d)between *** were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0,2,4,or 8 g/kg red clover extract(RCE)in diet(dry matter based).Feeding,refusal feed weights,and milk yield were recorded three consecutive days in weeks 0,4,8,and *** was collected from the tail vein of the cows on the last day of weeks 4,8 and 12,1 h after the morning feeding,and analyzed for hormones,immunoglobulins,inflammatory markers,and markers of liver and kidney *** dry matter intake was significantly decreased by 3.7%in the 8 g/kg group(P0.05).These results recommend the supplementation of RCE at a level from 2 to4 g/kg DM.

关键词： Dairy cow Red clover isoflavone Immunity Anti-inflammatory

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Experimental infectivity of Theileria luwenshuni and Theileria uilenbergi in Chinese Kunming mice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第2期17卷 488-492页

作者： LI You-quan GUO Peng-fei LIU Jun-long LIU Zhi-jie HAN Yuan LI Xuan LIU Ai-hong GUAN Gui-quan LIU Guang-yuan LUO Jian-xun YIN Hong state key laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/key laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou 730046 P.R.China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses Yangzhou 225009 P.R.China

Theileria luwenshuni and Theileria uilenbergi are important tick-borne pathogens and cause substantial losses to the sheep industry in china. The improvement in detection techniques has allowed the identification of multi-homing parasitism in Theileria parasites. Herein we evaluated the experimental infectivity of T. luwenshuni and T. uilenbergi in Chinese Kunming mice by screening blood samples of experimentally inoculated mice by microscopic examination（ME） and PCR. T. luwenshuni infected Chinese Kunming mice and 20 mice inoculated with this parasite were positive by ME and PCR. In addition, T. uilenbergi infected mice and 20 mice inoculated with this species were positive by ME and PCR. However, the number of red blood cells and the levels of hemoglobin of 40 infected mice had no obvious changes in the course of infection. Our results demonstrated the multi-homing parasitism of T. luwenshuni and T. uilenbergi, which were believed to be parasites of sheep and goats. This study was the first to demonstrate the infection of T. luwenshuni and T. uilenbergi in Kunming mice.

关键词： Theileria luwenshuni Theileria uilenbergi infection mouse PCR microscopic examination

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