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MoS2 synaptic transistor with one-step manufacture

Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 357-365页

作者： Yihao GUO Yang WANG Wenjie DENG Yi WU Jingtao LI Kexin LI Yuehui ZHAO Songlin YU Xiaoting WANG Yongzhe ZHANG Hui YAN Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology of Education Ministry of China Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of Technology The 11th Research Institute of Electronics Technology Group Corporation

The synaptic transistor,which is a neuromorphic device with brain-like functions,has garnered significant attention due to characteristics such as low energy consumption,high integration,multiple functions,and high computational ***,the current synaptic transistor possesses a complicated structure and involves complex manufacturing steps,which is not conducive to low-cost,large-scale bionic ***,we introduce a simple MoS2synaptic transistor exhibiting robust synaptic *** transistor utilizes magnetron sputtering manufacture to combine the process of device metal electrode deposition and the introduction of defect states,which helps streamline the manufacturing process into a single *** long-term potentiation and long-term depression in photoelectric coordination are initially ***,biological functions,such as double pulse facilitation and the transformation behavior of short-term memory to long-term memory,are thoroughly evaluated,along with learning-forgetting-relearning ***,the device exhibits robust synaptic plasticity until incident light angles down to 30° to imitate the multi-to-one axon-cellular ***,a classical simulation of Pavlov's dog conditioned reflex is demonstrated along with the multiview extraction *** experimental results demonstrate a promising synaptic transistor with a simple structure,manufacturing technique,and excellent *** further indicates the potential for large-scale integration of bionic neuromorphic systems.

关键词： process optimization artificial synaptic device one-stepmanufacture synaptic plasticity bionic simulation

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Failure mechanisms of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs irradiated by high-energy heavy ions with and without bias

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 49-58页

作者： Pei-Pei Hu Li-Jun Xu Sheng-Xia Zhang Peng-Fei Zhai Ling Lv Xiao-Yu Yan Zong-Zhen Li Yan-Rong Cao Xue-Feng Zheng Jian Zeng Yuan He Jie Liu Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Wide Band‑gap Semiconductor Materials Ministry of EducationXidian UniversityXi’an 710071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS) Beijing 100049China

Gallium nitride(GaN)-based devices have significant potential for space ***,the mechanisms of radiation damage to the device,particularly from strong ionizing radiation,remains *** study investigates the effects of radiation on p-gate AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs).Under a high voltage,the HEMT leakage current increased sharply and was accompanied by a rapid increase in power density that caused"thermal burnout"of the *** addition,a burnout signature appeared on the surface of the burned devices,proving that a single-event burnout effect ***,degradation,including an increase in the on-resistance and a decrease in the breakdown voltage,was observed in devices irradiated with high-energy heavy ions and without *** latent tracks induced by heavy ions penetrated the heterojunction interface and extended into the GaN ***,a new type of N_(2)bubble defect was discovered inside the tracks using Fresnel *** accumulation of N_(2)bubbles in the heterojunction and buffer layers is more likely to cause leakage and *** study indicates that electrical stress accelerates the failure rate and that improving heat dissipation is an effective reinforcement method for GaN-based devices.

关键词： GaN HEMTs Heavy ions Single-event burnout Latent tracks Degradation

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Predictability Study of Weather and Climate Events Related to Artificial Intelligence Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2025年第1期42卷 1-8页

作者： Mu MU Bo QIN Guokun DAI Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocean-land-atmosphere Boundary Dynamics and Climate Change Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China CMA-FDU Joint Laboratory of Marine Meteorology Shanghai 200438China Key Laboratory of Polar Atmosphere-ocean-ice System for Weather and Climate Ministry of EducationShanghai 200438China

Conducting predictability studies is essential for tracing the source of forecast errors,which not only leads to the improvement of observation and forecasting systems,but also enhances the understanding of weather and climate *** the past few decades,dynamical numerical models have been the primary tools for predictability studies,achieving significant ***,with the advances in artificial intelligence(AI)techniques and accumulations of vast meteorological data,modeling weather and climate events using modern data-driven approaches is becoming trendy,where FourCastNet,Pangu-Weather,and GraphCast are successful *** this perspective article,we suggest AI models should not be limited to forecasting but be expanded to predictability studies,leveraging AI's advantages of high efficiency and self-contained optimization *** this end,we first remark that AI models should possess high simulation capability with fine spatiotemporal resolution for two kinds of predictability *** models with high simulation capabilities comparable to numerical models can be considered to provide solutions to partial differential equations in a data-driven ***,we highlight several specific predictability issues with well-determined nonlinear optimization formulizations,which can be well-studied using AI models,holding significant scientific *** addition,we advocate for the incorporation of AI models into the synergistic cycle of the cognition–observation–model *** predictability studies have the potential to transform“big data”to“big and better data”and shift the focus from“AI for forecasts”to“AI for science”,ultimately advancing the development of the atmospheric and oceanic sciences.

关键词： predictability artificial intelligence models simulation and forecasting nonlinear optimization cognition–observation–model paradigm

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Bulk photovoltaic effect in two-dimensional ferroelectric α-In2Se3

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 285-292页

作者： Huiting WANG Shuaiqin WU Yan CHEN Qianru ZHAO Jinhua ZENG Ruotong YIN Yuqing ZHENG Chang LIU Shukui ZHANG Tie LIN Hong SHEN Xiangjian MENG Jun GE Xudong WANG Junhao CHU Jianlu WANG State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics Shanghai Institute of Technical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception Institute of OptoelectronicsFudan University Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Frontier Institute of Chip and System Fudan University

Non-centrosymmetric material systems can generate spontaneous photocurrent without a p-n junction under uniform illumination, which is known as the bulk photovoltaic effect（BPVE）. It has garnered significant attention for its application potential in the fields of energy harvesting and photoelectric detection. In this study, we report the BPVE observed in twodimensional ferroelectric α-In2Se3multilayer flakes. The reversal in spontaneous photocurrent polarity is observed and associated with the out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization direction. The spontaneous photocurrent originating from the shift current is also polarization-sensitive. The amplitude of spontaneous photocurrent is further increased by one order of magnitude through vacuum annealing. Our results provide a further application potential for new-generation photodetectors based on BPVE with low power consumption and multi-dimensional optoelectronic detection.

关键词： bulk photovoltaic effect 2D ferroelectrics 3R $\alpha$-In$_2$Se$_3$ shift current self-powered photodetection

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Advances in TENGs for Marine Energy Harvesting and In Situ Electrochemistry

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第5期17卷 540-603页

作者： Chuguo Zhang Yijun Hao Xiangqian Lu Wei Su Hongke Zhang Zhong Lin Wang Xiuhan Li School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044People’s Republic of China CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and SensorBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400People’s Republic of China

The large-scale use of ample marine energy will be one of the most important ways for human to achieve sustainable development through carbon neutral development *** a burgeoning technological method for electromechanical conversion,triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)has significant advantages in marine energy for its low weight,cost-effectiveness,and high efficiency in low-frequency *** can realize the efficient and economical harvesting of low-frequency blue energy by constructing the floating marine energy harvesting *** paper firstly introduces the power transfer process and structural composition of TENG for marine energy harvesting in *** addition,the latest research works of TENG on marine energy harvesting in basic research and structural design are systematically reviewed by ***,the advanced research progress in the power take-off types and engineering study of TENG with the marine energy are comprehensively ***,the challenges and problems faced by TENG in marine energy and in situ electrochemical application are summarized and the corresponding prospects and suggestions are proposed for the subsequent development direction and prospects to look forward to promoting the commercialization process of this field.

关键词： Triboelectric nanogenerator Marine energy Power take-off Self-powered Electrochemistry

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Liquid-liquid phase separation of TRAF6 promotes anti-TB immunity

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Science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 338-341页

作者： Yongjia Duan Yuanna Cheng Mingtong Ma Liru Li Shanshan Liu Liru Guan Jie Wang Hongjie Liu Xiaochen Huang Jianxia Chen Hua Yang Baoxue Ge Lin Wang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Shanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200433China Department of Microbiology and Immunology Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200433China Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis Shanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction Ministry of EducationDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200049China

Tumor necrosis factor receptor(TNFR)-associated factor 6(TRAF6)is a key regulator of the innate immune system,activating NF-κB and AP-1 signaling[1].TRAF6 participates in the immune regulation of many diseases,especially in chronic infections caused by pathogenic bacteria,such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)-induced tuberculosis(TB)[2].

关键词： immunity tuberculosis TRAF6

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Artificial sensory neurons and their applications

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Journal of Semiconductors 2025年第1期46卷 108-128页

作者： Jiale Shao Hongwei Ying Peihong Cheng Lingxiang Hu Xianhua Wei Zongxiao Li Huanming Lu Zhizhen Ye Fei Zhuge Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Ningbo University of TechnologyNingbo 315211China State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang UniversityWenzhou 325006China State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200072China

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,the demand for high-performance and energyefficient computing is increasingly *** limitations of the traditional von Neumann computing architecture have prompted researchers to explore neuromorphic computing as a *** computing mimics the working principles of the human brain,characterized by high efficiency,low energy consumption,and strong fault tolerance,providing a hardware foundation for the development of new generation AI *** neurons and synapses are the two core components of neuromorphic computing *** perception is a crucial aspect of neuromorphic computing,where artificial sensory neurons play an irreplaceable role thus becoming a frontier and hot topic of *** work reviews recent advances in artificial sensory neurons and their ***,biological sensory neurons are briefly ***,different types of artificial neurons,such as transistor neurons and memristive neurons,are discussed in detail,focusing on their device structures and working ***,the research progress of artificial sensory neurons and their applications in artificial perception systems is systematically elaborated,covering various sensory types,including vision,touch,hearing,taste,and ***,challenges faced by artificial sensory neurons at both device and system levels are summarized.

关键词： artificial sensory neurons artificial perception systems neuromorphic computing artificial intelligence

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Regulating self-assembly of concomitant isotropic Ag_(78) and anisotropic Ag_(110)nanoclusters

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Science Bulletin 2025年第1期70卷 25-28页

作者： Xin-Lan Peng Shuo Huang Yu-Jing Zhao Xi-Ming Luo Hai-Yang Li Jia-Hua Hu Jia-Hong Huang Shuang-Quan Zang Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Owing to their inherently excellent geometric structure[1-3]and applications in catalysis,luminescence,and biology[4-6],as well as their importance in gaining insights into the embryonic period of metal nanoparticles,large-bulk(nuclearity>50)atomprecise Ag nanoclusters(NCs)[2,7]have garnered significant *** advancements in the use of different thiol precursors as low-activity sulfur sources and the selection of appropriate anions(such as polyoxometalates and tetrahedral anions)have contributed to the development of large-sized Ag-S NCs with excellent properties[2].

关键词： clusters anisotropic precise

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Rational design of lipid-activatable NIR-II probes for precisely imaging atherosclerotic plaque

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Xinyu Xu Yuan Ma Hui Cao Li Xu Haoming Chen Sulai Liu Wei Sun Guosheng Song Xiaobing Zhang State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Central Laboratory Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) Department of Cardiology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational MedicineNanjing Medical University Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University

Atherosclerosis(AS) is a prevalent condition associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, featuring lipid-laden plaque; however, the insufficient resolution and low sensitivity of traditional medical imaging techniques limit their application in lipid imaging. Currently, the second near-infrared(NIR-II) fluorescence imaging offers promising sensitivity and convenience. However, existing probes have limitations in terms of signal-to-background ratio, penetration depth, and tissue scattering. Herein, we use a molecular regulatory strategy to design a lipid-activatable probe Rh-965 with high specificity and NIR-II emission for improved imaging potential in deep tissues. The potential of Rh-965 for imaging plaque lipids in mice with AS is demonstrated by localizing carotid artery plaques using NIR-II imaging. The development of more stable lipid-activated NIR-II probes can significantly enhance atherosclerosis diagnosis and facilitate in vivo imaging in deeper tissues.

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Insight into the particle shape on the impact of dry granular flow against a rigid barrier: A DEM study

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年

作者： Rui-Xiao Zhan Dong Su Xiang-Sheng Chen Yuan-Jun Jiang Guo-Ping Lei Jing-Jing Yu Key Laboratory for Resilient Infrastructures of Coastal Cities (MOE)， Shenzhen University College of Civil and Transportation Engineering， Shenzhen University School of Architecture and Urban Planning， Shenzhen University Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Green， Efficient and Intelligent Construction of Underground Metro Station， Shenzhen University Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment， Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Transportation， Civil Engineering & Architecture， Foshan University

The effect of particle shape on the impact of dry granular flow remains an open area for further investigation. Five distinct particle shapes were examined in this study using discrete element simulations after calibrating the numerical model using a published work. The findings indicated that the particle shape had a significant influence on granular mobility. With negligible variations in normalized kinetic energy between particles of different shapes， the effect of particle shape on the increasing rate of kinetic energy became more obvious. All irregular particle scenarios had longer accumulated particle lengths down the channel than spherical particles. Variations in particle shape led to adjustments in the distribution of impact forces on the barrier. These findings substantially enhance our understanding of the distinctive effects of particle shapes on the impact mechanism of dry granular flow.

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