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How spiders practice aggressive and Batesian mimicry

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 620-629页

作者： Ximena J. NELSON Robert R. JACKSON School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Thomas Odhiambo Campus EO. Box 30 Mbita Point Kenya

To understand communication, the interests of the sender and the receiver/s of signals should be considered sepa-rately. When our goal is to understand the adaptive significance of specific responses to specific signals by the receiver, questions about signal information are useful. However, when our goal is to understand the adaptive significance to the sender of generating a signal, it may be better to envisage the receiver＇s response to signals as part of the sender＇s extended phenotype. By making signals, a sender interfaces with the receiver＇s model of the world and indirectly manipulates its behaviour. This is especially clear in cases of mimicry, where animals use deceptive signals that indirectly manipulate the behaviour of receivers. Many animals adopt Batesian mimicry to deceive their predators, or aggressive mimicry to deceive their prey. We review examples from the lite-rature on spiders to illustrate how these phenomena, traditionally thought of as distinct, can become entangled in a web of lies .

关键词： Mimicry Communication Spider Deception Signal Search image

Uniformity in premating reproductive isolation along an intraspecific cline

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 641-652页

作者： Jeanne Marie ROBERTSON Roman NAVA Andrds VEGA Kristine KAISER Department of Biology California State University Northridge 18111 Nordhoff Street Northridge CA 91330-8303 USA Naturel History Museum of Los Angeles County 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Department of Biology San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92116 USA AMBICOR 400 E. 75 S. 75 E. de la Municipalidad de Tibas Tibas Costa Rica

Premating reproductive isolation （RI） may reduce gene flow across populations that have differentiated in traits important for mate choice. Examining RI across genetic and phenotypic clines can inform the fundamental evolutionary processes that underlie population and lineage differentiation. We conducted female mate-choice studies across an intraspecific red-eyed treefrog cline in Costa Rica and Panama with 2 specific aims：（1） to characterize RI across the cline and examine the relationship between premating RI and genetic and phenotypic distance and （2） to evaluate our results within a broader evolutionary and taxonomic perspective through examination of other RI studies. We found that female red-eyed treefrogs prefer local males relative to non-local males, indicating that some premating RI has evolved in this system, but that preference strength is not associated with phenotypic or geographic distance. Our analysis of 65 other studies revealed no clear pattern between the strength of RI and geographic distribution （allopatry, parapatry, cline） or phenotypic distance, but revealed extreme variation and overlap in levels of intra- and interspecific levels of RI. This work contributes to a growing body of literature that examines intraspecific RI across a cline to understand the selective processes that shape evolutionary patterns at the earliest stages of divergence.

关键词： advertisement call anuran color pattern courtship signals mate choice.

Walking the thin line…ten years later:the dilemma of aboveversus below-ground features to support phylogenies in the Russulaceae(Basidiomycota)

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Fungal Diversity 2018年第2期89卷 267-292页

作者： Bart Buyck Stefan Zoller Valerie Hofstetter Museum national d’histoire naturelle Departement Systematique et OriginesCP 39Institut pour la SystematiqueEvolutionBiodiversiteSorbonne UniversiteUMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE12 Rue Buffon75005 ParisFrance Department of Environmental Systems Science Genetic Diversity CentreETH ZurichCHN E 55Universitatstrasse 168092 ZurichSwitzerland Department of Plant Protection Agroscope ChanginsWadenswil Research StationACWRte de Duiller1260 NyonSwitzerland

For the very first time,morpho-anatomical features of both fruiting bodies as well as below-ground structures have been confronted with a newly produced multigene phylogeny of root symbiotic basidiomycetes using one of the most speciose genera of ectomycorrhizal fungi(Russula,Russulales)as an *** this first of two papers,the authors focus more specifically on below-ground *** five-gene phylogeny divides the genus in five main clades,here interpreted as representing seven subgenera,all significantly *** more conserved than features of fruiting bodies,the anatomy of ectomycorrhiza does not allow for an unambiguous characterization of the main clades resolved by phylogenetic analysis,but the anatomy of ectomycorrhiza performs better to naturally classify the species of this *** of fruiting bodies remain much more adequate for the delimitation of terminal clades and are irreplaceable for morphological species *** taxa mostly nest in ancient lineages,but are also present in some terminal clades of otherwise temperate species *** shift from plectenchymatic to pseudoparenchymatic ECM outer mantle structures happened most likely already in the paleotropics,and is here hypothesized to have facilitated a major diversification of the genus with new hosts in the northern *** data as well as our own observations on below ground structures of several Lactifluus species suggests that this genus shares with Russula the absence of lactifers in ECM mantles and rhizomorphs,contrary to species of Lactarius where lactifers are always *** observations on rhizomorphs of species in Multifurca confirm the presence of vessel-like and ladder-like hyphae,also found in the other agarioid genera of this family,while distinct lactifers are only present in the lactarioid,but not in russuloid members of this genus.

关键词： Ectomycorrhizal anatomy Lactifluus Multifurca Multigene phylogeny Rhizomorphs

Nestedness in insular floras:spatiotemporal variation and underlying mechanisms

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第6期6卷 480-488页

作者： Lloyd W.Morrison Department of Biology Missouri State University901 S.National AvenueSpringfieldMO 65897USA

Aims Nestedness is a characteristic of insular metacommunity *** few studies,however,have attempted to evaluate temporal changes in nestedness,or elucidate the mechanisms underlying nestedness.I evaluated both spatial and temporal patterns of nestedness in the insular floras of four archipelagoes of small islands in the Bahamas and the potential underlying environmental *** The NODF(a nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill)and the matrix temperature measure,T,were used to quantify nestedness in insular floras on small islands near Abaco,Andros,Great Exuma and the Exuma Cays,*** different null models were employed for each nestedness *** environmental variables were evaluated in relation to nestedness by ordering islands according to gradients and recalculating NODF *** Findings All archipelagoes were significantly *** among sites contributed more to overall nestedness than did nestedness among *** scores varied among archipelagoes,but were surprisingly constant over *** islands by vegetated area yielded the highest nestedness scores for three archipelagoes;ordering islands by protection from exposure yielded the highest nestedness score for one *** scores varied little over time even though species compositions changed,indicating that extinctions occurred in a deterministic *** relative importance of area suggests extinction is an important mechanism in producing *** to determine the relative importance of immigrations or extinctions requires some assumptions,however,and both processes are likely cumulative in most cases.

关键词： Bahamas environmental gradient insular floras nestedness NODF metric

Flash flood sediment transport in a steep sand-bed ephemeral stream

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2011年第2期26卷 193-209页

作者： Paolo BILLI Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Universita di Ferrara

This paper reports about flow and sediment transport measurements undertaken during the rainy season(July-August) 2008 on Gereb Oda,a steep,sand-bed ephemeral stream,draining the western margin of the Kobo structural basin in northern *** Oda streambed is dry for most of the year since it is subjected only to sporadic flash floods in response to individual,high intensity and spatially confined *** about hydraulic and sediment transport processes in steep sand-bed,ephemeral stream is very poor and,though only two flash floods occurred during the field campaign,the data gathered may contribute to improve our knowledge on these kind of *** numbers were calculated in order to verify the occurrence of supercritical flow conditions as postulated by a few authors from the analysis of sedimentary structures *** data are also compared to simple models to predict flow velocity and discharge since flow recording systems are seldom installed on ephemeral streams in remote areas and developing *** rivers are known for their very high suspended sediment transport,but very little bedload data exist for sand-bed,ephemeral *** variation of suspended sediment concentration with discharge is analysed and simple rating curves for both suspended and bed load transport are derived.A few equations to predict bedload are tested against Gereb Oda data and the relationship between en masse bedload transport processes as thin sand sheets and the development of horizontal lamination through the migration of leaf-shaped,sheet-like bedforms is ***,large boulders were observed to move at flow depths of the same order of magnitude of their size.A few functions to predict the threshold conditions for large particles entrainment are used to verify if and to what extent they match Gereb Oda field *** increased density of the water-sediment mixture,for the very high suspended sediment concentr

关键词： Ephemeral stream Bedload Suspended load Flash flood Ethiopia

Behavioral syndromes in paper wasps: Links between social and non-social personality in Polistes fuscatus

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Current Zoology 2024年第5期70卷 659-667页

作者： Fatima W.Joma Emily C.Laub Elizabeth A.Tibbetts Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan1105 N University AveAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Although much work has focused on non-social personality traits such as activity, exploration, and neophobia, there is a growing appreciationthat social personality traits play an important role in group dynamics, disease transmission, and fitness and that social personality traits maybe linked to non-social personality traits. These relationships are important because behavioral syndromes, defined here as correlated behavioral phenotypes, can constrain evolutionary responses. However, the strength and direction of relationships between social and non-socialpersonality traits remain unclear. In this project, we examine social and non-social personality traits, and the relationships between them, in thepaper wasp Polistes fuscatus. With a novel assay, we identify 5 personality traits, 2 non-social (exploration and activity), and 3 social (aggression, affiliation, and antennation) personality traits. We also find that social and non-social personality traits are phenotypically linked. We find apositive correlation between aggression and activity and a negative correlation between affiliation and activity. We also find a positive correlation between exploration and activity. Our work is an important step in understanding how phenotypic linkage between social and non-socialbehaviors may influence behavioral evolution. As a burgeoning model system for the study of genetic and neurobiological mechanisms of socialbehavior, Polistes fuscatus has the potential to add to this work by exploring the causes and consequences of individual behavioral variation.

关键词： behavioral syndrome paper wasp personality.

Archaeological records of Dadiwan in the past 60 ka and the origin of millet agriculture

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第16期55卷 1636-1642页

作者： ZHANG DongJu CHEN FaHu BETTINGER R L BARTON L JI DuXue MORGAN C WANG Hui CHENG XiaoZhong DONG GuangHui GUILDERSON T P ZHAO Hui Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (MOE) Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Department of Anthropology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Sociology Social Work and Anthropology Utah State University Logan UT 84322 USA Gansu Province Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Lanzhou 730000 China Preservation Institute ofDadiwan Qin'an 741600 China Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Lawrence Liverrnore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USA Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

This paper reports the recent excavation of Unit Dadiwan06 at the Dadiwan site in Qin’an County, Gansu.A 65 ka chronological framework is established for Dadiwan06 on the basis of absolute dating (AMS 14C and OSL), stratigraphy, climate change events and *** distributions reveal patterns of human behavioral variation and adaptation over the past 60 ka, from primitive hunting and gathering to advanced hunting and gathering, to primitive Neolithic agriculture, and finally to advanced Neolithic agriculture.

关键词：原始农业考古学大地新石器时代起源小米年代框架气候变化

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The Shishugou Fauna of the Middle-Late Jurassic Transition Period in the Junggar Basin of Western China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1115-1135页

作者： XU Xing James M.CLARK David A.EBERTH Philip J.CURRIE Centre for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Department of Biological Sciences George Washington UniversityWashington DC20052USA Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Box 7500DrumhellerAlberta T0J 0Y0Canada Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta 116 Street and 85 AvenueEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada

The Middle-Late Jurassic transition period is a critical period for the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates,but the global fossil record from this time is relatively *** Shishugou Fauna of this period has recently produced significant fossil remains of dinosaurs and other vertebrate groups,some representing the earliest known members of several dinosaurian groups and other vertebrate groups and some representing the best-known specimens of their *** discoveries are significant for our understanding of the origin and evolution of several vertebrate *** dating indicates that the fauna is aged approximately 159-164 *** with other similarly-aged terrestrial faunas such as Shaximiao and Yanliao show both taxonomic similarities and differences between these faunas and indicate that the Junggar deposits might have preserved the most complete vertebrate fossil record for a Middle-Late Jurassic Laurasian terrestrial fauna.

关键词： Middle-Late Jurassic Shishugou Fauna Shishugou Formation terrestrial ecosystem Shaximiao Yanliao Junggar Basin

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Oxfordian (Jurassic) mayaitid (ammonite) dispersal in the Tibetan Himalaya as the first signal of the establishment of the Indo-Austrai subrealm

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2003年第4期13卷 44-49页

作者： YIN Jiarun(China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China) China Univ Geosci Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

New fossil collections in the Lanongla area, Tibetan Himalaya enables the establishment of the Upper Jurassic ammonoidsuccession. Middle Oxfordian ammonite-fauna is characterized by endemic epimayaittds with a marine deepening event, suggesling a high stand of sea Ievel in the Tibetan Himalaya. Distribution of mayaitids around the Eastern Gondwana can be regarded as the first signal of the Indo-AustraI Subrealm that was progressively established during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous times.

关键词： Jurassic Oxfordian ammonites Tibetan Himalaya Indo-Austral Subrealm.