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A Hydrogen-Bonded,Hexagonally Networked,Layered Framework with Large Aperture Designed by Structural Synchronization of a Macrocycle and Supramolecular Synthon

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第5期2卷 221-228页

作者： Hiroki Yoshimura Ryusei Oketani Miki Naruoka Norimitsu Tohnai Ichiro Hisaki Division of Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka 560-8531Japan Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

To develop porous organic frameworks,precise control of the stacking manner of two-dimensional porous motifs and structural characterization of the resultant framework are *** these points of view,porous molecular crystals formed through reversible intermolecular hydrogen bonds,such as;hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs),can provide deep insight because of their high crystallinity,affording single-crystalline X-ray diffraction *** this study,we demonstrate that the stacking manner of hydrogen-bonded hexagonal network(HexNet)sheets can be controlled by synchronizing a homological triangular macrocyclic tecton and a hydrogen-bonded cyclic supramolecular synthon called the phenylene triangle.A structure of the resultant HOF was crystallographically characterized and revealed to have a large channel aperture of 2.4 *** HOF also shows thermal stability up to 290°C,which is higher than that of the conventional HexNet frameworks.

关键词： hydrogen-bonded organicframeworks hexagonalnetwork macrocycle carboxylicacid porosity

Temporal trends in organophosphorus pesticides use and concentrations in river water in japan, and risk assessment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 135-152页

作者： Aly Derbalah Russel Chidya Waqar Jadoon Hiroshi Sakugawa Graduate School of Biosphere Science 1-7-1 Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department Faculty of Agriculture Kafrelsheikh University Department of Water Resources Management and Development Faculty of Environmental Sciences Mzuzu University

We reviewed organophosphorus pesticide use in japan between 1982 and 2016 using data from the National Institute of Environmental Studies. Organophosphorus pesticide concentrations in river water throughout japan were taken from the literature, and risk assessments were performed for some organophosphorus pesticides based on risk quotients and hazard quotients. Assessments were performed for 20 common pesticides,including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. The amounts used decreased in the order: insecticides > herbicides > fungicides. Organophosphorus insecticide and fungicide use have decreased over the last four decades, but organophosphorus herbicide use has increased. During this period, annual organophosphorus pesticide use was the highest for chlorpyrifos(105,263 tons/year) and the lowest for glyphosate-sodium(8 tons/year). The ecotoxicological risk assessment indicated that diazinon and fenitrothion posed strong risks to the japanese aquatic environment, and chlorpyrifos and malathion have moderate risks. None of the pesticides that were assessed posed significant risks to *** use of organophosphorus pesticides in japan may cause strong risks to aquatic environments. These risks should be reassessed periodically.

关键词： Organophosphorus Pesticide residue Risk quotient Hazard quotient japan Water

Influence of agricultural activities,forest fires and agro-industries on air quality in Thailand

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第2期29卷 85-97页

作者： Worradorn Phairuang Mitsuhiko Hata Masami Furuuchi Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa 920-1192Japan

Annual and monthly-based emission inventories in northern, central and north-eastern provinces in Thailand, where agriculture and related agro-industries are very intensive,were estimated to evaluate the contribution of agricultural activity, including crop residue burning, forest fires and related agro-industries on air quality monitored in corresponding provinces. The monthly-based emission inventories of air pollutants, or, particulate matter（PM）, NOx and SO2, for various agricultural crops were estimated based on information on the level of production of typical crops： rice, corn, sugarcane, cassava, soybeans and potatoes using emission factors and other parameters related to country-specific values taking into account crop type and the local residue burning period. The estimated monthly emission inventory was compared with air monitoring data obtained at monitoring stations operated by the Pollution Control Department, Thailand（PCD） for validating the estimated emission inventory. The agro-industry that has the greatest impact on the regions being evaluated, is the sugar processing industry, which uses sugarcane as a raw material and its residue as fuel for the boiler. The backward trajectory analysis of the air mass arriving at the PCD station was calculated to confirm this influence. For the provinces being evaluated which are located in the upper northern, lower northern and northeast in Thailand, agricultural activities and forest fires were shown to be closely correlated to the ambient PM concentration while their contribution to the production of gaseous pollutants is much less.

关键词： Biomass burning Agricultural residue Agro-industry Emission inventory Air pollutants

Changes in Soil Physicochemical Properties Following Land Use Change from Paddy Fields to Greenhouse and Upland Fields in the Southeastern Basin of Dianchi Lake,Yunnan Province,China

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Pedosphere 2013年第2期23卷 169-176页

作者： N.MORITSUKA T.NISHIKAWA S.YAMAMOTO N.MATSUI H.INOUE LI Kun-Zhi T.INAMURA Laboratory of Plant Production Systems Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto University Kagoshima University KANSO Technos Kunming University of Science and Technology

Paddy fields in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake have rapidly changed to greenhouses since 1999. A total of 61 surface soil samples, including 43 greenhouse soils, 12 upland soils, and 6 paddy soils, were collected from a flat lowland area mainly used for agricultural production fields in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake. Analyses of the soil samples indicated that the greenhouse soils were characterized by a lower organic matter content, lower pH, and higher soluble nutrients than the paddy soils in the area. The lower organic matter content of the greenhouse soils was ascribed to environmental or management factors rather than the clay content of the soil. Accumulation of soluble nutrients, especially inorganic N, was due to over-application of fertilizers, which also caused soil acidification. The average amount of readily available N, P, and K accumulated in the greenhouse soils was estimated to be equal to or higher than the annual input of these nutrients as a fertilizer, indicating that a reduction in fertilizer application was possible and recommended. In contrast, a very low available Si content was observed in the paddy soils, suggesting the need for Si application for rice production.

关键词： available Si greenhouse soils inorganic N phosphorus salinization

Numerical Modelling and Simulation of Chemical Reactions in a Nano-Pulse Discharged Bubble for Water Treatment

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Plasma Science and Technology 2016年第9期18卷 924-932页

作者：何雨辰 Satoshi UEHARA Hidemasa TAKANA Hideya NISHIYAMA Graduate school of Engineering Tohoku University Institute of Fluid Science Tohoku University

A zero-dimensional model to simulate a nano-pulse-discharged bubble in water was developed. The model consists of gas and liquid phases corresponding to the inside and outside of the bubble, respectively. The diffusions of chemical species from the gas to the liquid phase through the bubble interface was also investigated. The initial gas is Ar, but includes a little H20 and 02 in the bubble. The time evolution of the OH concentration in the liquid phase was mainly investigated as an important species for water treatment. It was shown that OH was generated in the bubble and then diffused into the liquid. With the application of a continuous nano-pulse discharge, more OH radicals were generated as the frequency increased at a low voltage for a given power consumption.

关键词： chemical reaction model water purification bubble discharge diffusion

Development of natural treatment system consisting of black soil and Kentucky bluegrass for the post-treatment of anaerobically digested strong wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第3期28卷 44-50页

作者： Xiaochen Chen Kensuke Fukushi Department of Urban Engineering The University of Tokyo Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science The University of Tokyo

To develop a sound post-treatment process for anaerobically-digested strong wastewater,a novel natural treatment system comprising two units is put *** first unit,a trickling filter,provides for further reduction of biochemical oxygen demand and adjustable *** subsequent soil–plant unit aims at removing and recovering the nutrients nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）.As a lab-scale feasibility study,a soil column test was conducted,in which black soil and valuable Kentucky bluegrass were integrated to treat artificial nutrient-enriched *** a long-term operation,the nitrification function was well established in the top layers,despite the need for an improved denitrification process prior to discharge.P and K were retained by the soil through distinct *** they either partially or totally remained in plant-available forms in the soil,indirect nutrient reuse could be *** for Kentucky bluegrass,it displayed better growth status when receiving wastewater,with direct recovery of 8%,6% and 14% of input N,P and K,***,the indispensable role of Kentucky bluegrass for better treatment performance was proved,as it enhanced the cell-specific nitrification potential of the soil nitrifying microorganisms inhabiting the *** further upgrade,the proposed system is expected to become a new solution for strong wastewater pollution.

关键词： Natural treatment system Black soil Kentucky bluegrass Strong wastewater Soil column test

Photothermal therapy of tumors in lymph nodes using gold nanorods and near-infrared laser light with controlled surface cooling

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Nano Research 2015年第12期8卷 3842-3852页

作者： Tessai Sugiura Daisuke Matsuki Junnosuke Okajima Atsuki Komiya Shiro Mori Shigenao Maruyama Tetsuya Kodama Department of Mechanical Systems and Design Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer Department of Biomedical Engineering Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8575 Japan Institute of Fluid Science Tohoku University 2-1-I Katahira Aoba Ward Sendai 980-8577 Japan Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Tohoku University Hospital Sendai 980-8575 Japan

Photothermal therapy （PTT） using near-infrared （NIR） laser light and gold nanorods （GNRs） shows promise as a novel cancer treatment modality. However, the laser intensity required to destroy tumor cells located beneath the skin is greater than the threshold intensity that causes skin damage; thus, irradiation with laser light damages the skin as well as the tumor. Here, we show that a temperature control system allows metastatic lymph nodes （LNs） to be treated by PTT using NIR laser light and GNRs, without skin damage. A mouse model of LN metastasis was developed by injection of tumor cells, and the tumor-bearing proper axillary LN was treated with NIR laser light after injection of GNRs. The skin temperature was maintained at 45 ~C during irradiation by using a temperature control system. Bioluminescence imaging revealed that tumor progression was less in LNs exposed to NIR laser light and GNRs than in LNs exposed to NIR laser light alone or controls （no irradiation or GNRs）. Furthermore, the skin and LN capsule were macroscopically intact on day 9 after irradiation with NIR laser light, whereas tumor cells within the LN showed apoptosis. A numerical analysis demonstrated that the high-temperature zone and the LN region showing damage were localized to an area up to 3 mm in depth. The proposed novel PTT technique, using NIR laser light and GNRs with controlled surface cooling, could be applied clinically to treat metastatic LNs located within or outside the area accessible for surgical dissection.

关键词： lymph node metastasis photothermal therapy goId nanorods temperature control

Weyl points and Dirac lines protected by multiple screw rotations

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Science Bulletin 2017年第11期62卷 788-794页

作者： Akira Furusaki Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory RIKEN Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan

In three-dimensional noncentrosymmetric materials two-fold screw rotation symmetry forces electron＇s energy bands to have Weyl points at which two bands touch. This is illustrated for space groups No. 19 （P212121 ） and No. 198 （P213）, which have three orthogonal screw rotation axes. In the case of space groups No. 61 （Pbca） and No. 205 （Pa-3） that have extra inversion symmetry, Weyl points are promoted to four-fold degenerate line nodes in glide-invariant planes. The three-fold rotation symmetry present in the space groups No. 198 and No. 205 allows Weyl and Dirac points, respectively, to appear along its rotation axes in the Brillouin zone and generates four-fold and six-fold degeneracy at the F point and R point, respectively.

关键词： Weyl points Dirac points Nodal lines Nonsymmorphic symmetry

Fluorescence quantum yield of Gd_(0.9-x)R_xEu_(0.1)OOH(R=Y, La) crystals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2015年第12期33卷 1256-1260页

作者： Hiroaki Samata Katsutoshi Kobayashi Masashi Hanioka Tadashi C.Ozawa Graduate School of Maritime Sciences Kobe University Materials Development Group Superconducting Properties Unit National Institute for Materials Science

*** （R=Y, La） crystals were synthesized by a flux method using a mixture of NaOH and KOH as the flux. X-ray diffraction data were well refined using the Rietveld method assuming that the crystals had a monoclinic structre belonging to the P21/m space group. The unit cell volumes of the Gdo.9 *** crystals increased with increasing x, whereas those of *** decreased with increasing x. The Commission Internationale de IEclairage （CIE） chromaticity coordinates of Gdo.9 *** （R=Y, La） crystals were located in the red region and were nearly constant over the range ofx values considered. The fluorescence quantum yield Dr monotonically decreased with increasing x regardless of the ionic radii of the substitute ions. The fact that the Dr value of Lao.9EuoAOOH was greater than that of *** indicated that the observed decrease in the values of the Gdo.9-,LaxEuo.1OOH crystals up to x=0.3 could not be attributed to an increase in the distance between Eu3＋ ions or to a decrease in the Gd3＋ content. The decrease might be due to an increase of killer centers introduced by elemental substitutions with the larger ion.

关键词： rare-earth oxyhydroxide phosphor elemental substitution fluorescence quantum yield