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Tracing the impact of stack configuration on interface resistances in reverse electrodialysis by in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第4期16卷 69-80页

作者： Wenjuan Zhang Bo Han Ramato Ashu Tufa Chuyang Tang Xunuo Liu Ge Zhang Jing Chang Rui Zhang Rong Mu Caihong Liu Dan Song Junjing Li Jun Ma Yufeng Zhang Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology School of Environmental and Municipal EngineeringTianjin Chengjian UniversityTianjin 300384China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Department of Inorganic Technology University of Chemistry and Technology PragueTechnicka 516628Prague 6Czech Republic Department of Civil Engineering the University of Hong KongHong KongChina Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region(Ministry of Education) School of Urban Construction and Environmental EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin Polytechnic UniversityTianjin 300387China

Reverse electrodialysis(RED)is an emerging membrane-based technology for the production of renewable energy from mixing waters with different ***,the impact of the stack configuration on the Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances as well as the performance of RED were systematically studied by using in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Three different parameters(membrane type,number of cell pairs and spacer design)were *** Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances were evaluated for RED stacks equipped with two types of commercial membranes(Type I and Type II)supplied by Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V:Type I Fuji membranes displayed higher Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances than Type II membranes,which was mainly attributed to the difference in fixed charge *** output power of the stack was observed to decrease with the increasing number of cell pairs mainly due to the increase in ionic shortcut *** the reduction in spacer thickness from 750 to 200μm,the permselectivity of membranes in the stack decreased from 0.86 to 0.79 whereas the energy efificiency losses increased from 31%to 49%.Overall,the output of the present study provides a basis for understanding the impact of stack design on internal losses during the scaling-up of RED.

关键词： Reverse electrodialysis Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Concentration polarization Spacer shadow effect

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Groundwater uptake of different surface cover and its consequences in great Hungarian plain

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 408-416页

作者： Zoltán Gribovszki Péter Kalicz Kitti Balog András Szabó Tibor Tóth Péter Csáfordi Mohamed Metwaly Sándor Szalai Institute of Geomatics and Civil Engineering University of SopronSopronHungary Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry Centre for Agricultural ResearchHungarian Academy of SciencesBudapestHungary Forest Research Institute National Agricultural Research and Innovation CentreBudapestHungary Archaeology Department College of Tourism and ArchaeologyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics(NRIAG) CairoEgypt MTA CSFK GGI SopronHungary

Introduction:Forest cover in Hungary has increased from 1.1 to 2.0 million hectares during the last *** EU(european union)promotes further afforestation;thus,15,000–18,000 ha are being forested each year,mainly in the Hungarian Great *** terms of species used for afforestation,poplar plantations are preferred over native oak *** groundwater uptake of trees can be a significant water balance element of forested areas in shallow groundwater environments within the Hungarian Great *** can cause water table depressions and subsurface salt accumulation in areas with negative water *** study examined the hydrological impact of forest cover in the Hungarian Great *** the framework of this research,climatic water balance,water table depth and salinity,subsoil layering,tree species and stand age were analysed as influencing *** paper compares the effect which an oak forest,a poplar plantation and a pasture have on groundwater uptake and salt ***:The water table level was roughly 0.4–0.5 m lower beneath the oak forest and the poplar plantation than it was beneath the *** groundwater use was 1.5–2 times higher than that of *** uptake of oak forest was greater than that of poplar plantation during the monitoring *** accumulation,which shows water use in the longer run,was slightly higher for poplar in deeper ***:The greater amount of groundwater used by trees does not lead to a higher salt uptake as only a slight accumulation of salt was measured beneath the ***,hybrid poplar was slightly less favourable than native oak when considering salinization ***,even greater groundwater uptake by trees over longer timescales could cause more significant salt accumulation under pronounced drought conditions due to climate change.

关键词： Groundwater recharge/water budget Evapotranspiration Diurnal fluctuation Forest cover Salinization

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Children’s Everyday School Travel and Mode Choice in a Post socialist city:the case of Riga,Latvia

Children’s Everyday School Travel and Mode Choice in a Post...

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2012 2nd International Conference on social Science and Humanity（ICSSH 2012）

作者： Girts Burgmanis University of Latvia Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences

In the last two decades transformation processes of a city and rapid automobilization changed mobility and commuting patterns over the world and also in the post-socialist *** commuting is extensively studied in post-socialist cities,in the context of these changes there is still little known about children’s everyday mobility and travel *** aim of this study is to analyze daily mobility and travel mode choice of children aged 12 to 17 for school *** study was carried out in Riga,Latvia which represents the case of a post socialist *** this paper,drawing on results from children’s survey analysed by multinominal logistic regression,the study identifies that changes in structure of population distribution and functional structure of a city affect travel distances to school increasing public transport and car use for school trips and decline in young people’s *** results also show that family driving habits and age affect young people’s commuting patterns to school and choice of private auto as the main transportation mode.

关键词： children post-socialist city travel mode choice school trip Riga

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Second phase effect on corrosion of nanostructured Mg-Zn-Ca dual-phase metallic glasses

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第5期9卷 1561-1570页

作者： Chang Liu Qing Wang Bin Han Junhua Luan Ji-Jung Kai Chain-Tsuan Liu Ge Wu Jian Lu Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung Max-Planck-Straße 1Düsseldorf40237Germany Laboratory for Microstructures Institute of Materials ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre Department of Material Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina Centre for Advanced Structural Materials City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteGreater Bay Joint DivisionShenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceShenzhen 518057China CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute Shenzhen 518045China

Dual-phase metallic glasses(DP-MGs),a special member of the MGs family,often reveal unusual strength and ductility,yet,their corrosion behaviors are not ***,we developed a nanostructured Mg_(57)Zn_(36)Ca_(7)(at.%)DP-MG and uncovered its corrosion mechanism in simulated body fluid(SBF)at the near-atomic scale utilizing transmission electron microscope(TEM)and atom probe tomography(APT).The 10-nm-wide Ca-rich amorphous phases allow oxygen propagation into the DP-MG,resulting in a micrometer thick hydroxides/oxides *** dense corrosion layer protects the DP-MG from further corrosion,enabling a corrosion rate that is 77%lower than that of Mg(99.99%purity).

关键词： Magnesium alloys Metallic glass Corrosion Sputtered films TEM APT

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Copper-indium hydroxides derived electrocatalysts with tunable compositions for electrochemical CO_(2) reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第12期30卷 278-284,I0006页

作者： Qixian Xiea Gaston O.Larrazabal Ming Ma Ib Chorkendorff Brian Seger Jingshan Luo Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology Solar Energy Research CenterKey Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinMinistry of Education Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic TechnologyRenewable Energy Conversion and Storage CenterNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Surface Physics and Catalysis(Surf Cat)Section Department of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049Shaanxi.China

Bimetallic Cu-In hybrid electrocatalysts are promising noble metal-free catalysts for selective electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(ECO_(2) RR).Most reports show Cu-In catalysts are selective towards CO evolutio ***,few show similarly high selectivity towards *** we fabricated composition tunable Cu-In hydroxides(Cu_xIn_y-OH) by the hydrothermal method and studied their composition effect on electrochemical CO_(2) reduction in detail. We found that the selectivity of CO_(2) reduction products shifted from CO to formate when the content of In increased in the Cu_xIn_y-OH *** Cu rich electrocatalyst mostly produced CO,which could achieve a Faradaic efficiency(FE) to 75.8% at-0.59 V ***(Cu_(76)In_(24)based electrocatalysts).In comparison,the In rich electrocatalysts selectively produced formate,which possessed the FE of formate up to 85% at-1.01 V *** work systematically illustrates the composition effect on hybrid catalysts,and provides insights into the design of highly selective catalysts for ECO_(2) RR.

关键词： Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction Bimetallic Cu-In hybrid electrocatalysts Carbon monoxide Formate

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Dynamic stabilization of plasma instability

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 17-26页

作者： S.Kawata T.Karino Y.J.Gu Graduate School of Engineering Utsunomiya University Institute of Physics of the ASCR ELI-Beamlines Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS

The paper presents a review of dynamic stabilization mechanisms for plasma instabilities. One of the dynamic stabilization mechanisms for plasma instability was proposed in the paper [Kawata, Phys. Plasmas 19, 024503(2012)],based on a perturbation phase control. In general, instabilities emerge from the perturbations. Normally the perturbation phase is unknown, and so the instability growth rate is discussed. However, if the perturbation phase is known, the instability growth can be controlled by a superimposition of perturbations imposed actively. Based on this mechanism we present the application results of the dynamic stabilization mechanism to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability(RTI) and to the filamentation instability as typical examples in this paper. On the other hand, in the paper [Boris, Comments Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 3, 1(1977)] another mechanism was proposed to stabilize RTI, and was realized by the pulse train or the laser intensity modulation in laser inertial fusion [Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3131(1993)]. In this latter mechanism, an oscillating strong force is applied to modify the basic equation, and consequently the new stabilization window is created. Originally the latter was proposed by Kapitza. We review the two stabilization mechanisms, and present the application results of the former dynamic stabilization mechanism.

关键词： dynamic instability stabilization filamentation instability plasma instability Rayleigh-Taylor instability stabilization of instability

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Ultrahigh-density spin-polarized hydrogen isotopes from the photodissociation of hydrogen halides:new applications for laser-ion acceleration,magnetometry,and polarized nuclear fusion

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第3期10卷 341-351页

作者： Alexandras K.Spiliotis Michalis Xygkis Michail E.Koutrakis Konstantinos Tazes Gregoris K Boulogiannis Chrysovalantis S.Kannis Georgios E.Katsoprinakis Dimitrios Sofikitis T.Peter Rakitzis Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserN.Plastira 100HeraklionCrete GR-71110Greece University of Crete Department of PhysicsHerakleioGreece Department of Physics Atom ic and Molecular Physics LaboratoryUniversity of loanninaUniversity Campusloannina GR-45110Greece

Recently,our group produced spin-polarized hydrogen(SPH)atoms at densities of at least 10^(19)cm^(-3)from the photodissociation of hydrogen halide molecules with circularly polarized UV light and measured them via magnetization-quantum beats with a pickup *** densities are approximately 7 orders of magnitude higher than those produced using conventional methods,opening up new fields of application,such as ultrafast magnetometry,the production of polarized MeV and GeV particle beams,such as electron beams with intensities approximately 10^(4)higher than current sources,and the study of polarized nuclear fusion,for which the reaction cross sections of D-T and D-(3)^He reactions are expected to increase by 50%for fully polarized nuclear *** review the production,detection,depolarization mechanisms,and potential applications of high-density SPH.

关键词： polarized approximate magneto

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Nontrivial coupling of light into a defect:the interplay of nonlinearity and topology

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 646-655页

作者： Shiqi Xia Dario Jukic Nan Wang Daria Smirnova Lev Smirnov Liqin Tang Daohong Song Alexander Szameit Daniel Leykam Jingjun Xu Zhigang Chen Hrvoje Buljan The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin 300457China Faculty of Civil Engineering University of ZagrebA.Kacica Miosica 2610000 ZagrebCroatia Nonlinear Physics Centre Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of ScienceNizhny Novgorod 603950Russia Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006 ShanxiPR China Institut für Physik Universitat RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 2318059 RostockGermany Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Daejeon 34126Republic of Korea Basic Science Program Korea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Astronomy San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA 94132USA Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebBijenička c.3210000 ZagrebCroatia

The flourishing of topological photonics in the last decade was achieved mainly due to developments in linear topological photonic ***,when nonlinearity is introduced,many intriguing questions *** example,are there universal fingerprints of the underlying topology when modes are coupled by nonlinearity,and what can happen to topological invariants during nonlinear propagation?To explore these questions,we experimentally demonstrate nonlinearity-induced coupling of light into topologically protected edge states using a photonic platform and develop a general theoretical framework for interpreting the mode-coupling dynamics in nonlinear topological *** on laser-written photonic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattices,our experiments show the nonlinear coupling of light into a nontrivial edge or interface defect channel that is otherwise not permissible due to topological *** theory explains all the observations ***,we introduce the concepts of inherited and emergent nonlinear topological phenomena as well as a protocol capable of revealing the interplay of nonlinearity and *** concepts are applicable to other nonlinear topological systems,both in higher dimensions and beyond our photonic platform.

关键词： nonlinearity topological coupling

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Delayed peripheral treatment with neurotrophin-3 improves sensorimotor recovery after central nervous system injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第10期14卷 1703-1704页

作者： Sotiris G.Kakanos Lawrence D.F.Moon Neurorestoration Group Wolfson Centre for Age-Related DiseasesKing’s College of London

Neurotrophin-3 (NT3) is a growth factor found in many body tissues including the heart, intestines, skin, nervous system and in skeletal muscles including muscle spindles (Murase et al., 1994). NT3 is required for the survival, correct connectivity and function of sensory (“proprioceptive”) afferents that innervate muscle spindles;these neurons express receptors for NT3 including tropomyocin receptor kinase C. These proprioceptive afferents are important for normal movement (Boyce and Mendell, 2014) and signals from muscle spindles are important for recovery of limb movement (e.g., after spinal cord lateral hemisection)(Takeoka et al., 2014). The level of NT3 declines in most tissues during postnatal development;its level is low in adult and elderly humans and other mammals (Murase et al., 1994). Elevation of NT3 has been shown to improve outcome in various animal models of neurological disease and injury. For example, many groups have shown that delivery of NT3 directly into the central nervous system promotes recovery after spinal cord injury but this often involved invasive routes or gene therapy (Boyce and Mendell, 2014;Petrosyan et al., 2015;Wang et al., 2018).

关键词： Neurotrophin-3(NT3) tissues including the heart Boyce and Mendell

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Entanglement-based quantum key distribution with a blinking-free quantum dot operated at a temperature up to 20 K

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Advanced Photonics 2021年第6期3卷 31-37页

作者： Christian Schimpf Santanu Manna Saimon F.Covre da Silva Maximilian Aigner Armando Rastelli Johannes Kepler University Linz Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State PhysicsLinzAustria

Entanglement-based quantum key distribution(QKD)promises enhanced robustness against eavesdropping and compatibility with future quantum *** other sources,semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)can generate polarization-entangled photon pairs with near-unity entanglement fidelity and a multiphoton emission probability close to zero even at maximum *** properties have been demonstrated under resonant two-photon excitation(TPE)and at operation temperatures below 10 ***,source blinking is often reported under TPE conditions,limiting the maximum achievable photon *** addition,operation temperatures reachable with compact cryocoolers could facilitate the widespread deployment of QDs,e.g.,in satellite-based quantum *** demonstrate blinking-free emission of highly entangled photon pairs from GaAs QDs embedded in a p-i-n *** fidelity entanglement persists at temperatures of at least 20 K,which we use to implement fiber-based QKD between two buildings with an average raw key rate of 55 bits/s and a qubit error rate of 8.4%.We are confident that by combining electrical control with already demonstrated photonic and strain engineering,QDs will keep approaching the ideal source of entangled photons for real world applications.

关键词： quantum optics quantum dots nanophotonics quantum cryptography

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