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A Comprehensive Approach to Investigate CO_(2)Reduction Electrocatalysts at High Current Densities

Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第4期2卷 220-229页

作者： Gastón O.Larrazábal Ming Ma Brian Seger Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis(SurfCat) Department of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark2800 Kgs LyngbyDenmark School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China

As electrochemical CO_(2)reduction studies progress from beaker or H-cell devices operating at low current densities to gas diffusion electrode(GDE)-based devices that sustain high reaction rates and provide an avenue toward commercialization,the overall system becomes significantly more *** the current densities may vary for the different approaches,it is essential to maintain the same scientific rigor when analyzing these *** mass transfer optimizations used in GDE based approaches necessarily add complexity and provide new challenges that need to be analyzed and overcome in terms of both engineering as well as analysis *** Account puts into perspective our recent works analyzing high current density CO_(2)electrolysis performance via a comprehensive investigation of the entire *** particular,we show the importance of monitoring(i)the gas flow rates at the outlet of the cathodic compartment,(ii)the anodic gas composition for CO_(2)/O_(2)ratio,and(iii)pH variations in the electrolyte.A rigorous analysis of these parameters allows us to achieve a complete carbon balance,in addition to accounting for a total of 100%Faradaic *** analyzing both the cathode outlet and anodic CO_(2):O_(2)ratio,we demonstrate that these methods can be used to self-validate results providing *** show that this analysis approach holds for both a zero-gap membrane electrode assembly device and a flowing-catholyte *** addition,a comprehensive monitoring approach reveals that having an alkaline environment in the vicinity of the cathode can absorb substantial amounts of CO_(2),which may greatly distort Faradaic efficiencies if not accounted *** monitoring the outlet flow rate of a reactor appears a simple task,the mixed gases and small flow rates in lab-scale reactors can add challenges and we discuss various methods to measure these flow *** pH is well-known to play a role in the activity and selectivity of CO_(2)redu

关键词： outlet necessarily electrolyte

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Extreme brightness laser-based neutron pulses as a pathway for investigating nucleosynthesis in the laboratory

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2019年第5期4卷 7-16页

作者： S.N.Chen F.Negoita K.Spohr E.d’Humieres I.Pomerantz J.Fuchs ELI-NP “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania Institute of Applied Physics 46 Ulyanov Street603950 Nizhny NovgorodRussia Universit´e Bordeaux CNRSCEACELIAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance School of Physics and Astronomy Tel-Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv 69978Israel LULI-CNRS Ecole PolytechniqueCEAUniversite Paris-SaclayUPMC Universite Paris 06Sorbonne UniversiteF-91128 Palaiseau cedexFrance

With the much-anticipated multi-petawatt(PW)laser facilities that are coming online,neutron sources with extreme fluxes could soon be in *** sources would rely on spallation by protons accelerated by the high-intensity *** high neutron fluxes would make possible not only direct measurements of neutron capture andβ-decay rates related to the r-process of nucleosynthesis of heavy elements,but also such nuclear measurements in a hot plasma environment,which would be beneficial for s-process investigations in astrophysically relevant *** could,in turn,finally allow possible reconciliation of the observed element abundances in stars and those derived from simulations,which at present show large ***,we review a possible pathway to reach unprecedented neutron fluxes using multi-PW lasers,as well as strategies to perform measurements to investigate the r-and s-processes of nucleosynthesis of heavy elements in cold matter,as well as in a hot plasma environment.

关键词： finally extreme decay

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New Trends in Olefin Production

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Engineering 2017年第2期3卷 171-178页

作者： Ismael Amghizar Laurien A. Vandewalle Kevin M. Van Geem Guy B. Matin Laboratory for Chemical Technology Ghent University Ghent B-9052 Belgium

Most olefins （e.g., ethylene and propylene） will continue to be produced through steam cracking （SC） ofhydrocarbons in the coming decade. In an uncertain commodity market, the chemical industry is investingvery little in alternative technologies and feedstocks because of their current lack of economic viability,despite decreasing crude oil reserves and the recognition of global warming. In this perspective, some of themost promising alternatives are compared with the conventional SC process, and the major bottlenecks ofeach of the competing processes are highlighted. These technologies emerge especially from the abundanceof cheap propane, ethane, and methane from shale gas and stranded gas. From an economic point of view,methane is an interesting starting material, if chemicals can be produced from it. The huge availability ofcrude oil and the expected substantial decline in the demand for fuels imply that the future for proventechnologies such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FFS） or methanol to gasoline is not bright. The abundance ofcheap ethane and the large availability of crude oil, on the other hand, have caused the SC industry to shiftto these two extremes, making room for the on-purpose production of light olefins, such as by the catalyticdehydrogenation of orooane.

关键词： Olefin production Steam cracking Methane conversionShale gas CO2 emissions

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Current Climate Data Rescue Activities in Australia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第12期33卷 1323-1324页

作者： Linden ASHCROFT Rob ALLAN Howard BRIDGMAN Joelle GERGIS Christa PUDMENZKY Ken THORNTON Centre for Climate Change Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tortosa 43500 Spain Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX13PB United Kingdom School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of Newcastle New South Wales 2300 Australia School of Earth Sciences The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia International Centre for Applied Climate Sciences University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba 4350 Australia Cultural Collections The University of Newcastle New South Wales 2300 Australia

1. Introduction Recovering historical instrumental climate data is crucial for identifying long-term climate variability and change, putting present climate into context and constraining future climate projections （Brunet and Jones, 2011）. In other words, to understand the future, we need to improve our understanding of the past.

关键词： over ENSO Current Climate Data Rescue Activities in Australia

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On the possibility that PbZrO_(3) not be antiferroelectric

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1812-1821页

作者： Hugo Aramberri Claudio Cazorla Massimiliano Stengel Jorge Íñiguez Materials Research and Technology Department Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology5 Avenue des Hauts-FourneauxL-4362 Esch/AlzetteLuxembourg Departament de Física Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaCampus Nord B4-B5Barcelona 08034Spain Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona(ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB08193 BellaterraSpain ICREA-InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats 08010 BarcelonaSpain Department of Physics and Materials Science University of Luxembourg41 Rue du BrillBelvaux L-4422Luxembourg

Lead zirconate(PbZrO_(3))is considered the prototypical antiferroelectric material with an antipolar ground ***,several experimental and theoretical works hint at a partially polar behaviour in this compound,indicating that the polarization may not be completely *** this work,we propose a simple ferrielectric structure for lead ***-principles calculations reveal this state to be more stable than the commonly accepted antiferroelectric phase at low temperatures,possibly up to room temperature,suggesting that PbZrO_(3)may not be antiferroelectric at ambient *** discuss the implications of our discovery,how it can be reconciled with experimental observations and how the ferrielectric phase could be obtained in practice.

关键词： ferroelectric ambient phase

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添加铌和钼对Nimonic 80A合金激光硼化表面显微组织和磨损行为的影响（英文）

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2019年第2期29卷 322-337页

作者： N.MAKUCH P.DZIARSKI M.KULKA A.PIASECKI M.TULI?SKI R.MAJCHROWSKI Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Poznan University of Technology Institute of Mechanical Technology Poznan University of Technology

在Nimonic 80A合金表面用激光合金法技术制备较厚的表层。激光表面改性前在材料表面预涂覆3种浆料:非晶硼、非晶硼与钼和非晶硼与铌。详细研究激光处理后表层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性能。重熔区不同类型硼化物的形成与浆料成分有关,其... 详细信息

在Nimonic 80A合金表面用激光合金法技术制备较厚的表层。激光表面改性前在材料表面预涂覆3种浆料:非晶硼、非晶硼与钼和非晶硼与铌。详细研究激光处理后表层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性能。重熔区不同类型硼化物的形成与浆料成分有关,其硬度增加,可达HV 1000左右。通过计算样品和对磨件的质量磨损强度因子I_(mw)和相对质量损失来评价样品的耐磨性。采用三维干涉显微镜、扫描电镜和电子能谱仪表征摩擦副的磨损行为。与未处理的Nimonic 80A合金相比,激光处理后的合金其耐磨性明显提高。含硼和铌的Nimonic 80A合金激光合金化后的表面具有最低的质量损失强度因子(I_(mw)=1.234 mg/(cm^2?h))。激光合金化表层的沟槽清晰可见,其磨损机制为磨粒磨损。经激光处理后含硼和铌合金表面的能谱分析图谱中有氧存在,表现出额外的氧化磨损机制。

关键词：激光合金化表面形貌磨损测试表面分析磨损机制镍基合金

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Respiratory Physiotherapy in a Web Browser,Feasibility Study

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2013年第4期3卷 150-153页

作者： Matevz Leskovsek Martin Lasic Dragomira Ahlin *** Zdrav Dih d.o.o.LjubljanaSlovenia University Clinical Centre of Ljubljana LjubljanaSlovenia Temza d.o.o. LjubljanaSlovenia

In this paper, feasibility of web based breathing exercises for respiratory rehabilitation is examined. A system included visual guidance in a web browser and a microphone equipped headset for biofeedback and interaction. Feasibility was assessed in a controlled environment on 34 subjects with anxiety disorders that were not offered any help from the personnel. Weak points of comprehensibility were identified as applying headset (21%) and adhering to breathing exercises instructions (7%). No adverse events were identified. Design flaws that correlated with poor user’s experience were 1) the unpleasant feelings induced by watching the computer screen (21%) and 2) ease/difficulty of physically applying headset (14%). We conclude that conducting breathing exercises by using an acoustic microphone and a web browser is feasible and should be further researched. Additionally we conclude that audio feedback might be more pleasant to some people.

关键词： COPD Asthma Respiratory Physiotherapy Breathing Exercises

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Influences of Planning Policies on Community Shaping in China: From Past to Present

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China City Planning Review 2019年第4期28卷 18-29页

作者： Liu Jian Department of Urban Planning & Design School of Architecture Tsinghua University

In China, as in other countries of the world, communities, which are often considered as self-governing social organizations, are shaped and influenced by many factors. Different from other studies, this paper approaches the issue of community shaping from a planning perspective and tries to answer the questions of how Chinese communities have been physically shaped throughout history and what influences the planning policies have on communities’ scales, forms, and functions. Hereby, the planning policies concern not only the spatial organization, but also the social management of communities. The research is elaborated chronologically, dividing the history of community development in China roughly into four periods according to socio-economic development trends, planning objectives, and community characters. The narration is mainly based on literature work and case studies, with a focus on the social and spatial characters of urban communities. The paper concludes that before the modernization of China, Chinese communities were mainly shaped into a gated Li-Fang pattern by traditional city building principles, in accordance with the regulations on social management, in spite of the terminological changes in different dynasties and the opening of gated communities during certain dynasties. In the thirty years of the planned economy, Chinese communities were mainly shaped into inward Danwei(or work unit) communities of perimeter blocks by the urban planning institution, which was regarded as a technical tool of the planned socio-economic development to support national industrialization. In the next thirty years of economic transition, Chinese communities were further shaped into gated commodity housing communities of super blocks under the influence of reforms and the guidance of urban planning regulations. In the period of new urbanization, Chinese communities face the challenge of transforming towards a dense grid, with narrow streets and small blocks, and promoti

关键词： com m unity shaping planning policy social managem ent spatial organization Chinese cities

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An Optimized Resource Scheduling Strategy for Hadoop Speculative Execution Based on Non-cooperative Game Schemes

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第2期62卷 713-729页

作者： Yinghang Jiang Qi Liu Williams Dannah Dandan Jin Xiaodong Liu Mingxu Sun Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computing Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburgh EH105DTUK School of Electrical Engineering University of JinanChinaand Centre for Health Sciences ResearchUniversity of SalfordSalfordGreater ManchesterM54WTUK

Hadoop is a well-known parallel computing system for distributed computing and large-scale data processes.“Straggling”tasks,however,have a serious impact on task allocation and scheduling in a Hadoop *** Execution(SE)is an efficient method of processing“Straggling”Tasks by monitoring real-time running status of tasks and then selectively backing up“Stragglers”in another node to increase the chance to complete the entire mission *** speculative execution strategies meet challenges on misjudgement of“Straggling”tasks and improper selection of backup nodes,which leads to inefficient implementation of speculative executive *** paper has proposed an Optimized Resource Scheduling strategy for Speculative Execution(ORSE)by introducing non-cooperative game *** ORSE transforms the resource scheduling of backup tasks into a multi-party non-cooperative game problem,where the tasks are regarded as game participants,whilst total task execution time of the entire cluster as the utility *** that case,the most benefit strategy can be implemented in each computing node when the game reaches a Nash equilibrium point,i.e.,the final resource scheduling scheme to be *** strategy has been implemented in *** results depict that the ORSE can maintain the efficiency of speculative executive processes and improve fault-tolerant and computation performance under the circumstances of Normal Load,Busy Load and Busy Load with Skewed Data.

关键词： Distributed computing speculative execution resource scheduling non-cooperative game theory

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印度洋-太平洋水域外科医生与医师的流动(15—18世纪)（英文）

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海洋史研究 2022年第1期 245-302页

作者：萧婷马修·托克闻·温特上海大学 Ghent University The Flanders Marine Institute

外科医生和医师是海上航行的重要组成部分。他们必须照顾病人和伤员,采取疾病预防和救助措施,关注船员的卫生健康问题。本文利用大量的中外文资料,梳理欧洲航海过程中外科医生和航海医师职业的出现与发展,并将其与中国传统船上医疗进行... 详细信息

外科医生和医师是海上航行的重要组成部分。他们必须照顾病人和伤员,采取疾病预防和救助措施,关注船员的卫生健康问题。本文利用大量的中外文资料,梳理欧洲航海过程中外科医生和航海医师职业的出现与发展,并将其与中国传统船上医疗进行比较,探讨欧洲与中国“海洋医学”的发展路径和本质差异。进入大航海时代后,随着海外扩张活动的增加以及航海距离的延长,西班牙、葡萄牙、荷兰、英国、法国等欧洲国家的海上医学迅速发展,并逐渐形成系统的学科知识。许多欧洲外科医生和医师也同时从事商业贸易活动以及外交谈判活动。荷兰东印度公司的“国家职能”性质也促使其拥有最完备的海上医学知识体系。相比之下,中国方面关于海上医学的史料则相对较少。虽然中国在航海过程中早就注意到均衡饮食结构等问题,但由于政治经济环境的不同,中国并没有像欧洲国家那样频繁的全球性海洋扩张和探索行为,官方主导的、大规模的、定期的远洋航行有限,因此并未发展出像欧洲那样系统的海洋医学。

关键词：外科医生医师海洋医学船上医疗大航海时代

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