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Impact of climate change on food security in the Central Asian countries

Science China Earth sciences 2024年第1期67卷 268-280页

作者： Fang SU Yu LIU Lvfan CHEN Rustam OROZBAEV Liangcheng TAN School of Economics and Management Northwest UniversityXi’an 710127China School of Economics and Management Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Institute of Geology National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz RepublicBishkek 720040Kyrgyzstan Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

The current and potential impacts of global warming have generated widespread concerns about food security among all sectors of *** Asian countries located deep in the interior of Asia with fragile ecological environments and lower agricultural technology are particularly more prone to severe threats from climate *** on panel data acquired in five Central Asian countries from 1990 to 2019,a C-D-C model was developed to study how climate change affects food security in the region and to predict future *** study found that the level of food security has generally increased for these five Central Asian countries over the past 30 years,with Kazakhstan and Tajikistan having the highest and lowest food security levels,*** average annual temperature and precipitation exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship with the region’s food security,with the most positive effect on the food security of *** high and low temperatures have significantly affected food security in the studied region,with Turkmenistan experiencing the most significant negative *** number of frost days had no significant effect on food *** analysis of future climate showed that the temperature and precipitation in Central Asia will continue to increase from 2030 to 2090,which will negatively impact the food security of these *** is recommended that the Central Asian countries enhance their understanding of climate risks,strengthen scientific climate research,and develop multiple adaptation strategies in ***,they are encouraged to consolidate international cooperation,reducing greenhouse gas emissions effectively and maintaining the ability to ensure food security.

关键词： Global warming Extreme climate Food security Future forecasts Five Central Asian countries

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Development of 400-μW cryogen-free dilution refrigerators for quantum experiments

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chinese Physics B 2024年第7期33卷 28-35页

作者：关翔樊洁边勇波程智刚姬忠庆 Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

We have successfully developed cryogen-free dilution refrigerators with medium cooling power that can be applied to quantum experiments. Breakthroughs have been made in some key technologies and components of heat switches and dilution units. Our prototype has been running continuously and stably for more than 100 hours below 10 m K, with a minimum temperature of 7.6 m K and a cooling power of 450 μW at 100 m K. At the same time, we have also made progress in the application of dilution refrigerators, such as quantum computing, low-temperature detector, and magnet integration. These indicators and test results indicate good prospects for application in physics, astronomy, and quantum information.

关键词： cryogen-free dilution refrigerator quantum computing low-temperature detector superconducting magnet

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High-Quality and Wafer-Scale Cubic Silicon Carbide Single Crystals

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 442-449页

作者： Guobin Wang Da Sheng Yunfan Yang Hui Li Congcong Chai Zhenkai Xie Wenjun Wang Jiangang Guo Xiaolong Chen Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of chinese academy of sciences

Cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) has superior mobility and thermal conduction over that of widely applied hexagonal ***,much lower concentration of interfacial traps between insulating oxide gate and3C-SiC helps fabrica... 详细信息

关键词： cubic SiC high-temperature solution growth high-temperature surface tension solid–liquid interfacial energy wide band gap semiconductor

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Leaf Morphology Genes SRL1 and RENL1 Co-Regulate Cellulose Synthesis and Affect Rice Drought Tolerance

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Rice science 2024年第1期31卷 103-117,I0020-I0022页

作者： LIU Dan ZHAO Huibo WANG Zi’an XU Jing LIU Yiting WANG Jiajia CHEN Minmin LIU Xiong ZHANG Zhihai CEN Jiangsu ZHU Li HU Jiang REN Deyong GAO Zhenyu DONG Guojun ZHANG Qiang SHEN Lan LI Qing QIAN Qian HU Songping ZHANG Guangheng State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology College of Bioscience and BioengineeringJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China Qian Qian Academician Workstation National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya)Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanya 572024China

The morphological development of rice(Oryza sativa L.)leaves is closely related to plant architecture,physiological activities,and ***,it is unclear whether there is a co-regulatory relationship between the morphological development of leaves and adaptation to drought *** this study,a drought-sensitive,roll-enhanced,and narrow-leaf mutant(renl1)was induced from a semi-rolled leaf mutant(srl1)by ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS),which was obtained from Nipponbare(NPB)through ***-based cloning and functional validation showed that RENL1 encodes a cellulose synthase,allelic to NRL1/*** RENL1 mutation resulted in reduced vascular bundles,vesicular cells,cellulose,and hemicellulose contents in cell walls,diminishing the water-holding capacity of *** addition,the root system of the renl1 mutant was poorly developed and its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)was decreased,leading to an increase in ROS after drought ***,genetic results showed that RENL1 and SRL1 synergistically regulated cell wall *** results revealed a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of cellulose on rice drought tolerance,and provided a new genetic resource for enhancing the synergistic regulation network of plant type and stress resistance,thereby realizing simultaneous improvement of multiple traits in rice.

关键词： cellulose cell wall drought tolerance leaf morphology rice

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Particles attrition of binary mixtures in the coal-fueled chemical looping system based on fluidized bed

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 281-290页

作者： Heyu Li Zhe Sun Yan Cao Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China University of chinese academy of sciences Bejing 100049China CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Guangzhou 510640China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou 510640China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei230601China

In this work,a reactive air jet attrition device with auto-recording and collection of elutriated fines was *** established insights into the physiochemical interaction and further correlated attrition behaviors between char and oxygen carriers under various operation *** attrition rate increased by over 110% upon the introduced CO_(2),which brought in the significant effect of thermo-chemical stress,similarly in effects of the increased char addition ratio and the decreased sizes of char or hematite in different *** the char-hematite co-attrition process,the elutriated carbon loss of char with poor mechanical strength was found to be over 10%,while the reactive iron loss of hematite was found to be 6.3%,and was enriched in elutriated *** reaction-derived thermochemical stress and the collision-derived mechanical stress jointly controls the particle attrition during the cyclic transformation of oxygen carrier particles in coal-fueled chemical looping fluidization,especially sig-nificant in its reduction stage.

关键词： Attrition Binary species Chemical looping Oxygen carrier CO_(2)capture

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New roles of research data infrastructure in research paradigm evolution

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2024年第2期9卷 104-119页

作者： Yizhan Li Lu Dong Xiaoxiao Fan Ren Wei Shijie Guo Wenzhen Ma Zexia Li National Library Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Information Resources Management School of Economics and ManagementUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Bureau of Facility Support and Budget Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100864China

Research data infrastructures form the cornerstone in both cyber and physical spaces,driving the progression of the data-intensive scientific research *** opinion paper presents an overview of global research data infrastructure,drawing insights from national roadmaps and strategic documents related to research data *** emphasizes the pivotal role of research data infrastructures by delineating four new missions aimed at positioning them at the core of the current scientific research and communication *** four new missions of research data infrastructures are:(1)as a pioneer,to transcend the disciplinary border and address complex,cutting-edge scientific and social challenges with problem-and data-oriented insights;(2)as an architect,to establish a digital,intelligent,flexible research and knowledge services environment;(3)as a platform,to foster the high-end academic communication;(4)as a coordinator,to balance scientific openness with ethics needs.

关键词： Research data infrastructure Landscape Data-centric Problem-oriented

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Wettability and corrosion behavior between alkaline slag from sodium smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite and refractory substrates

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第6期31卷 1399-1410页

作者： Fei Zhao Zhi-wei Bian Hong-xin Zhao De-sheng Chen Zhang-fu Yuan Yu-lan Zhen Li-na Wang Tao Qi Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Hebei Zhongke Tongchuang Vanadium&Titanium Technology Co. Ltd.Hengshui 053000HeheiChina

The sodium smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite can achieve the comprehensive utilization of Fe,V,and ***,the generation of alkaline slag during this process may cause damage to refractory *** wettability and corrosion behavior of alkaline slag on three types of refractory(MgO-C,SiC,and high alumina refractory)substrates were investigated at temperatures up to 1200℃.The effects of duration on the wettability of molten slag on SiC substrates were also *** showed that the high alumina refractory exhibited better wettability with the molten slag than the others,and thus,it is easier to be *** results of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that MgO-C and high alumina refractory substrates were severely *** was a visible and regular interfacial reaction layer between the slag and SiC refractory substrate,which was produced by the redox reaction between the metal oxides in the slag and the SiC refractory *** the increase in holding time,the interface layer expands and silico-ferrite phases are generated at the *** redox reaction between Fe_(2)O_(3) and SiC substrate is the main reason for the *** comparing the differences in wettability and corrosion behavior between the alkaline slag from sodium smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite and MgO-C,SiC and high alumina refractories,it is concluded that SiC refractory has good corrosion resistance to the *** oxides in the slag accelerate the oxidation rate of SiC refractory.

关键词： Wettability Corrosion Alkaline slag-Contact angle Vanadium-titanium magnetite Refractory

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The Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Cloud Types and Phases in the Arctic Based on CloudSat and CALIPSO Cloud Classification Products

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第2期41卷 310-324页

作者： Yue SUN Huiling YANG Hui XIAO Liang FENG Wei CHENG Libo ZHOU Weixi SHU Jingzhe SUN Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms(LACS) and Department of Lower Atmospheric Observation Research(LAOR)Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)Beijing 100049China Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology Beijing 100029China

The cloud type product 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR based on CloudSat and CALIPSO from June 2006 to May 2017 is used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and interannual variability of eight cloud types(high cloud, altostratus, altocumulus, stratus, stratocumulus, cumulus, nimbostratus, and deep convection) and three phases(ice,mixed, and water) in the Arctic. Possible reasons for the observed interannual variability are also discussed. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) More water clouds occur on the Atlantic side, and more ice clouds occur over continents.(2)The average spatial and seasonal distributions of cloud types show three patterns: high clouds and most cumuliform clouds are concentrated in low-latitude locations and peak in summer;altostratus and nimbostratus are concentrated over and around continents and are less abundant in summer;stratocumulus and stratus are concentrated near the inner Arctic and peak during spring and autumn.(3) Regional averaged interannual frequencies of ice clouds and altostratus clouds significantly decrease, while those of water clouds, altocumulus, and cumulus clouds increase significantly.(4) Significant features of the linear trends of cloud frequencies are mainly located over ocean areas.(5) The monthly water cloud frequency anomalies are positively correlated with air temperature in most of the troposphere, while those for ice clouds are negatively correlated.(6) The decrease in altostratus clouds is associated with the weakening of the Arctic front due to Arctic warming, while increased water vapor transport into the Arctic and higher atmospheric instability lead to more cumulus and altocumulus clouds.

关键词： CloudSat and CALIPSO cloud type cloud phase temporal and spatial distribution interannual variation

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Single-cell RNA sequencing facilitates the elucidation of the complete biosynthesis of the antidepressant hyperforin in St. John's wort

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Molecular Plant 2024年第9期17卷 1439-1457页

作者： Song Wu Ana Luisa Malaco Morotti Jun Yang Ertao Wang Evangelos C.Tatsis National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CASs Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai lnstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChineseAcademy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of chinese academy of sciences Shanghai 200032China UEPAMS-CAS-JICs Centre of Excellencefor Plant anamlcroblalSclence Snangnal 200032Cnina

Hyperforin is the compound responsible for the effectiveness of ***'s wort(Hypericum perforatum)as an antidepressant,but its complete biosynthetic pathway remains *** discovery based on co-expression analysis of bulk RNA-sequencing data or genome mining failed to discover the missing steps in hyperforin *** this study,we sequenced the 1.54-Gb tetraploid *** genome assem-bled into 32 chromosomes with the scaffold N50 value of 42.44 *** single-cell RNA sequencing,we iden-tified a type of cell,“Hyper cells”,wherein hyperforin biosynthesis de novo takes place in both the leaves and *** pathway reconstitution in yeast and tobacco,we identified and characterized four transmembrane prenyltransferases(HpPT1-4)that are localized at the plastid envelope and complete the hyperforin biosynthetic *** hyperforin polycyclic scaffold is created by a reaction cascade involving an irregular isoprenoid coupling and a tandem *** findings reveal how and where hy-perforin is biosynthesized,enabling synthetic-biology reconstitution of the complete ***,this study not only deepens our comprehension of specialized metabolism at the cellularlevel but also provides strategic guidance for elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways of other specializied metabolites in plants.

关键词： hyperforin Hypericum perforatum de novo genome sequencing single-cell RNA sequencing biosyn-thetic pathway meroterpenoids

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Mechanism of Mingjing Granules in Treating Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification

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World Journal of Traditional chinese Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 22-32页

作者： Xiao-Yu Li Li-Na Liang Wei-Jun Zhang Yun Gao Qiang Chen Eye Function Laboratory Eye HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina China Evidence-Based Medicine Center for Traditional chinese Medicine BeijingChina Center for East-West Medicine UCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCAUSA

Objective:To analyze the potential mechanism of Mingjing granules in the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration(wAMD)based on the research methods of network pharmacology and molecular docking approach and to provide a new reference for the currently limited treatment of *** and Methods:We searched TCMSP,GeneCards,OMIM,PharmGkb,TTD,and DrugBank database to screen the main active ingredients of Mingjing granules and their therapeutic targets of *** network of active components and targets was constructed using Cytoscape3.6.1 software,which was also used for the topological analysis of target *** network of Protein-Protein Interactions(PPI)was mapped using the String *** also used R language to do the Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway for additional *** docking studies were finished by Chemoffice,Autodock,and ***,the efficacy of the Mingjing granules was examined in animal experiments,in which we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to the contents of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)levels in peripheral ***:Active compounds,including quercetin,lignocaine,and kaempferol,were *** network analysis showed that tumor necrosis factor(TNF),MMP-9,epidermal growth factor(EGF),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),and caspase-3(CASP3)were related to both Mingjing granules and *** and KEGG pathway analysis showed that these targets were mainly involving lipids and atherosclerosis,TNF,and interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling *** studies suggested that quercetin and luteolin can fit in the binding pocket of four target proteins(CASP3,EGF,PTGS2,and TNF).In the vivo experiment,the Mingjing granules were found to be effective on the expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in peripheral ***:This study initially reveals the multi-constituent,multi-target,and multi-pathway mechanism of action of Ming

关键词： Experimental verification Mingjing granules molecular docking network pharmacology wet age-related macular degeneration

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