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Characteristics and phytotoxicity of hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter:Effects of feedstock type and hydrothermal temperature

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 139-148页

作者： Qianqian Lang Xuan Guo Chao Wang Lingyao Li Yufei Li Junxiang Xu Xiang Zhao Jijin Li Bensheng Liu Qinping Sun Guoyuan Zou Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China

The dissolved organic matter(DOM)with high mobility and reactivity plays a crucial role in *** this study,the characteristics and phytotoxicity ofDOMreleased fromthe hydrochars prepared from different feedstocks(cowmanure,corn stalk and Myriophyllum aquaticum)under three hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)temperatures(180,200 and 220°C)were *** results showed that the hydrochars had high dissolved organic carbon content(20.15 to 37.65 mg/g)and its content showed a gradual reduction as HTC temperature *** fluorescent components including mixed substance of fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances(C1,30.92%-58.32%),UVA humic acid-like substance(C2,25.27%-29.94%)and protein-like substance(C3,11.74%-41.92%)were identified in hydrochar DOM by excitation emission matrix spectra coupled with parallel factor *** HTC temperature increased the relative proportion of aromatic substances(C1+C2)and humification degree of hydrochar DOM from cow manure,while it presented adverse effects on the hydrochar DOM from corn stalk and *** principal component analysis suggested that feedstock type and HTC temperature posed significant effects on the characteristics of hydrochar ***,seed germination test of all hydrochar DOM demonstrated that the root length was reduced by 8.88%-26.43%in contrast with control,and the germination index values were 73.57%-91.12%.These findings provided new insights into the potential environmental effects for hydrochar application in soil.

关键词： Hydrochar Hydrothermal temperature Dissolved organic matter Excitation emission matrix Parallel factor analysis Phytotoxicity

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Assessment of the dietary amino acid profiles and the relative biomarkers for amino acid balance in the low-protein diets for broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 238-266页

作者： Bin Wang Xiaodan Zhang Yongfa Liu Mingkun Gao Mi Wang Yuan Wang Xinzhi Wang Yuming Guo State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Shenyang Boeing Feed Company Shenyang 110141China

Background research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed to achieve pro-ductive performance compared to those fed normal ***,it is imperative to reassess the optimum profile of EAAs in low-protein diets and establish a new ideal pattern for amino acid ***,identifying novel sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance will greatly facilitate the development of amino acid nutrition and application *** this study,12 dietary treatments[Con(+),Con(-),L&A(-),L&A(+),M&C(-),M&C(+),BCAA(-),BCAA(+),Thr(-),Thr(+),Trp(-)and Trp(+)]were established by combining different EAAs including lysine and argi-nine,methionine and cysteine,branched-chain amino acid(BCAA),threonine,and tryptophan to observe the growth and development of the broiler chickens fed with low-protein-level *** on the biochemical parameters and untargeted metabolomic analysis of animals subjected to different treatments,biomarkers associated with opti-mal and suboptimal amino acid balance were *** Growth performance,carcass characteristics,hepatic enzyme activity,serum biochemical parameters,and breast muscle mRNA expression differed significantly between male and female broilers under different dietary amino acid *** broilers exhibited higher sensitivity to the adjustment of amino acid patterns than female *** the low-protein diet,the dietary concentrations of lysine,arginine,and tryptophan,but not of methionine,cystine,or threonine,needed to be ***,further research on individual BCAA is *** untar-geted metabolomic analysis,Con(+)was selected as a normal diet(NP)while Con(-)represented a low-protein diet(LP).L&A(+)denotes a low-protein amino acid balanced diet(LPAB)and Thr(+)represents a low-protein amino acid imbalance diet(LPAI).The metaboli

关键词： Amino acid balance Biomarkers Essential amino acid Low-protein diet Metabolomics

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Neuroprotective and antidiabetic lanostane-type triterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma theaecolum

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2025年第2期23卷 245-256页

作者： Jiaocen Guo Li Yang Luting Dai Qingyun Ma Jiaoyang Yan Qingyi Xie Yougen Wu Haofu Dai Youxing Zhao School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) Hainan University Key Laboratory of research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

Eight previously undescribed lanostane triterpenoids,including five nortriterpenoids with 2 6carbons,ganothenoids A-E（1-5）,and three lanostanoids,ganothenoids F-H（6-8）,along with 24 known ones（9-32）,were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganodrma *** structures of the novel compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods,including electronic circular dichroism（ECD） and nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） *** 1-32 were assessed for their neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells,as well as their inhibitory activities against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B（PTP1B） and α-*** 4demonstrated the most potent neuroprotective activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by suppressing G0/G1phase cell cycle arrest,reducing reactive oxygen species（ROS） levels,and inhibiting cell apoptosis through modulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 protein（Bcl-2） and Bcl-2 associated X-protein（Bax） protein *** 26,12,and 28 exhibited PTP1B inhibitory activities with IC50values ranging from 13.92 to 56.94 μmol·L-1,while compound12 alone displayed significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase with an IC50value of 43.56μmol·***,enzyme kinetic analyses and molecular docking simulations were conducted for compounds 26 and 12 with PTP1B and α-glucosidase,respectively.

关键词： Ganoderma theaecolum Lanostane nortriterpenoids Neuroprotective effects PTP1B α-Glucosidase

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Early‑life milk replacer feeding mediates lipid metabolism disorders induced by colonic microbiota and bile acid profiles to reduce body weight in goat model

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 300-315页

作者： Ke Zhang Ting Zhang Mengmeng Guo Awang Cuoji Yangbin Xu Yitong Zhao Yuxin Yang Daniel Brugger Xiaolong Wang Langda Suo Yujiang Wu Yulin Chen Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Animal Engineering Yangling Vocational and Technical CollegeYanglingShaanxi 712100China Institute of Animal Sciences Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasa 850009China Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics Vetsuisse‑FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurich 8057Switzerland Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding On Tibetan Plateau Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsLhasa 850009China.

Background Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and its consequences on growth performance in young ruminants have attracted attention,especially in the context of alternative feeding *** study aims to elucidate the effects of milk replacer(MR)feeding on growth,lipid metabolism,colonic epithelial gene expression,colonic microbiota composition and systemic metabolism in goat kids compared to breast milk(BM)feeding,addressing a critical knowledge gap in early life *** Ten female goat kids were divided into 2 groups:those fed breast milk(BM group)and those fed a milk replacer(MR group).Over a period of 28 d,body weight was monitored and blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical,transcriptomic and metabolomic *** of the colonial microbiota was performed using 16S rRNA gene *** microbiota transplantation(IMT)experiments in gnotobiotic mice were per-formed to validate *** MR-fed pups exhibited reduced daily body-weight gain due to impaired lipid metabolism as evidenced by lower serum and liver total cholesterol(TC)and non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA)*** analysis of the colonic epithelium revealed upregulated genes involved in negative regulation of lipid metabolism,concomitant with microbiota shifts characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes and an increase in ***,genera such as Bifidobacterium and Prevotella were enriched in the MR group,while Clostridium and Fae-calibacterium were *** analyses confirmed alterations in bile acid and fatty acid metabolic *** experiments in mice recapitulated the metabolic phenotype observed in MR-fed goats,confirming the role of the microbiota in modulating host lipid *** Milk replacer feeding in goat kids disrupts lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dynamics,result-ing in reduced growth rates and metabolic *** findings highlight the importance of e

关键词： Bile acid Colon microbiota Goat model Lipid metabolism Milk replacer

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General and Specific Combining Abilities of Pacific Oyster(Crassostrea gigas)and Fujian Oyster(***)for Growth,Survival and Thermal Tolerance of Their Reciprocal Hybrids

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Journal of Ocean University of china 2025年第1期24卷 238-248页

作者： JIANG Gaowei XU Chengxun LI Qi Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China

A crossbreeding program was established in 2019 to address the declining Crassostrea gigas harvests caused by Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome(POMS).As a part of the program,this study was performed to estimate the genetic structure underlying phenotypic *** complete diallel crossings of *** and ***,comprising 60 full-sib families,were used to evaluate the general combining ability(GCA)and specific combining ability(SCA),as well as genotype and environment interactions for shell height(SH),summer survival(SS),and thermal tolerance(TT)of reciprocal hybrids GA(***♀×***♂)and AG(***♀×***♂)grown in Rongcheng and Rushan,Shandong Province,*** results suggested that heterosis of the reciprocal hybrids was evident for SH,SS,and *** hybrid GA had larger heterosis than AG in both testing environments,and can be a potential donor in the breeding *** male *** had better GCA for SH in Rongcheng,whereas male *** was a good general combiner for SS and TT in both Rongcheng and *** estimate of SCA was much higher than GCA for SH and lower than GCA for *** harness both additive and non-additive genetic effects,combination breed-ing could be taken to develop hybrid varieties possessing both thermal tolerance and fast-growing *** positive correlations between SH and TT suggested that these traits could be improved *** significant G×E interactions demonstrated the importance to undertake site-specific breeding programs in different ***,this study can provide essential information for developing crossbreeding strategies for the oyster farming industry.

关键词： crossbreeding combining ability genotype×environment interaction Crassostrea gigas C.angulata

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Optimizing canopy-spacing configuration increases soybean yield under high planting density

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The Crop Journal 2025年第1期13卷 233-245页

作者： Ruidong Li Cailong Xu Zongsheng Wu Yifan Xu Shi Sun Wenwen Song Cunxiang Wu Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National soybean Industrial Technology R&D CenterBeijing 100081China

Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition,which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield *** canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization,support crop morphological development and increase ***,a three-year study was performed to verify the feasibility of adjusting row spacing to further enhance yield in densely planted *** three row-spacing configurations(40-40,20-40,and 20-60 cm)and two planting densities(normal 180,000 plants ha 1 and high 270,000 plants ha 1).The differences in canopy structure,plant morphological development,photosynthetic capacity and their impact on yield were *** spacing configurations have a significant effect on canopy transmittance(CT).The 20-60 cm row spacing configuration increased CT and creates a favorable canopy light environment,in which plant height is reduced,while branching is *** approach reduces plant competition,optimizes the developments of leaf area per plant,specific leaf area,leaf area development rate,leaf area duration and photosynthetic physiological indices(Fv/Fm,ETR,Pn).The significant increase of 11.9%-34.2%in canopy apparent photosynthesis(CAP)is attributed to the significant optimization of plant growth and photosynthetic physiology through CT,an important contributing factor to yield *** yield in the 20-60 cm treatment is 4.0%higher than in equidistant planting under normal planting density,but 5.9%under high density,primarily driven by CAP and pod *** findings suggest that suitable row spacing configurations optimize the light environment for plants,promote source-sink transformation in soybeans,and further improve *** practice,a 20-60 cm row spacing configuration could be employed for high-density soybean planting to achieve a more substantial yield gain.

关键词： Soybean Planting density Row-spacing configuration Canopy transmittance Yield

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Development and characterization of bacterial wilt-resistant synthetic polyploid peanuts

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The Crop Journal 2025年第1期13卷 125-134页

作者： Pei Du Fanpei Zeng Qian Wang Lijuan Miao Feiyan Qi Meili Yang Xiao Wang Hua Liu Guoquan Chen Liuyang Fu Suoyi Han Ziqi Sun Li Qin Wenzhao Dong Xinyou Zhang The Shennong Laboratory/Nation Industrial Innovation Centre for Bio-Breeding/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement/Institute of Crop Molecular BreedingHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesPostgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002HenanChina School of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina School of Life Science Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hebei 458031HenanChina

Wild peanut(Arachis)species are promising sources of disease resistance for improving peanut *** objective of this study was to assess cross-compatibility among cultivated and wild peanuts in crosses between eight peanut cultivars and 27 wild species carrying the A,B,E,Ex,F,K,P,and H *** culture and chromosome doubling led to polyploids representing hybrids between cultivated peanut and ***,***,***,***,and *** first two showed greater resistance to bacterial wilt than their cultivated *** markers were developed for verifying the hybrids and for identifying translocation or introgression lines with alien chromosome fragments.

关键词： Peanut Wild species Cross compatibility Polyploids Bacterial wilt

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Integrated metabolomics and proteomics analyses reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the yellow leaf phenotype of Camellia sinensis

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2025年第1期11卷 417-430页

作者： Nana Li Weizhong He Yufan Ye Mingming He Taimei Di Xinyuan Hao Changqing Ding Yajun Yang Lu Wang Xinchao Wang National Center for Tea Plant Improvement Tea Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of BiologyGenetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and PlantsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHangzhouZhejiang 310008China Tea research Institute Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesLishuiZhejiang 323000China College of Horticulture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian ProvinceFuzhouFujian 350002China

The tea plant cultivar‘Zhonghuang 2'(ZH2)possesses albino-induced yellow leaves that contain low levels of catechins but high contents of amino ***,the molecular mechanism underlying the yellow leaf phenotype of ZH2 has not been elucidated *** the current research,the yellow shoots(ZH2-Y)and naturally converted green shoots(ZH2-G)of ZH2 were studied using metabolic and proteomic profiling for a better understanding of the mechanism underlying phenotype *** total,107 differentially changed metabolites(DCMs)were identified from the GC-MS-based metabolomics,and 189 differentially accumulated proteins(DAPs)were identified from the tandem mass tag(TMT)-based quantitative ***,integrated analysis revealed that‘porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism',‘carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms',and‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis'pathways were commonly enriched for DAPs and *** further found that the inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis,the deficiency of photosynthetic proteins and the imbalance of the ROS-scavenging system were the crucial reasons responsible for the chlorosis,chloroplast abnormality and photooxidative damage of ZH2 ***,our research combines metabolomics and proteomics approaches to uncover the molecular mechanism leading to the yellow leaf phenotype of tea plants.

关键词： Tea plant Chlorophyll-deficient mutant Chlorophyll biosynthesis Photosynthetic protein Antioxidant capacity Photooxidative stress

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Earthworm fermentation products enhance the apple replant soil environment and increase the yield and quality of apple fruit

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2025年第2期11卷 564-577页

作者： Jiang, Weitao Pan, Fengbing Chen, Ran Song, Lefen Qin, Lei Xu, Xin Xu, Zihui Xiang, Li Chen, Xuesen Yin, Chengmiao Wang, Yanfang Mao, Zhiquan College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Shandong Taian 271018 China Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province Shandong Agricultural University Shandong Taian 271018 China College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University Shandong Taian 271018 China College of Forestry Engineering Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University Shandong Ji'nan 250000 China

The cultivation of apples in replanted orchards is essential given limitations in land resources. However, the presence of Fusarium and phenolic acids in the replanted soil harms the soil environment, which impedes the sustainable development of the apple industry. In this study, earthworm was used as the fermentation precursor protein to optimize the fermentation conditions, and the inhibition mechanism of the fermentation product on Fusarium and its potential to repair the apple replant soil environment were explored. Laboratory experiments showed that the optimum initial pH, temperature and time of earthworm fermentation were 7, 37 °C and 10 d, respectively. The inhibition rates of earthworm fermentation products against F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, and F. moniliforme were 79.8%, 75.1%, 78.7% and 79.2%, respectively. The inhibition rates of spore germination on F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, and F. moniliforme were 83.8%, 87.3%, 83.2% and 84.8%, respectively. In the field, use 300 mL of earthworm fermentation products for each planting pits before planting. The experimental results showed that, compared with the control, the content of soil pathogenic Fusarium and phenolic acid in Wantou (W3) were decreased by 75.1% and 59.8%, respectively, after treatment with earthworm fermentation products in 2019. Soil urease, phosphatase, sucrase and catalase activities increased by 383.2%, 78.2%, 130.3% and 43.5%, respectively. The fruit weight, anthocyanin content, soluble sugar, sugar-acid ratio, total ester ratio, total ester concentration and yield increased by 80.7%, 60.6%, 25.6%, 50.3%, 19.7%, 262.4% and 193.5%, respectively, while titratable acid content decreased by 16.9%. In conclusion, earthworm fermentation products can be used as a sustainable amendment to control apple replant disease. © 2024 Chinese Society for Horticultural Science (CSHS) and Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (IVF), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS).

关键词： Apple replant disease Eisenia foetida Fusarium Replanted orchard

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A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the cultivated peanut

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Molecular Plant 2025年第1期18卷 5-8页

作者： Xiaobo Wang Ziqi Sun Feiyan Qi Zhiyuan Zhou Pei Du Lei Shi Wenzhao Dong Bingyan Huang Suoyi Han Stefano Pavan Meng Zhang Mengjie Cui Jing Xu Hua Liu Li Qin Zhongxin Zhang Xiaodong Dai Wei Gao Lijuan Miao Ruifang Zhao Juan Wang Mengmeng Wang Chenyang Zhi Yaojun Hu Huanhuan Zhao Linjie Chen Xiaodong Jin Yanhui Sun Zheng Zheng Xinyou Zhang The Shennong Laboratory Zhengzhou 450002China Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450002China Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Zhengzhou 450002China National Innovation Centre for Bio-breeding Industry Xinxiang 453000China Department of Soil Plant and Food SciencesUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBari 70126Italy

Dear Editor,Cultivated peanut(peanut in short)(Arachis hypogaea,2n=4x=40,genome type AABB)is a legume crop serving globally as a crucial source of edible oil and *** peanut reference genome sequences obtained for the cultivars"Tifrunner,""Shitouqi,"and"Fuhuasheng"were assembled or patched using third-generation sequencing technologies and significantly contributed to advancements in peanut genetics and breeding(Bertioli et al.,2019;Chen et al.,2019;Zhuang et al.,2019).However,unresolved gaps persist in these assemblies,particularly in regions of biological importance such as centromeres and telomeres(Supplemental Figure 1),hindering comprehensive exploration of their functional and evolutionary significance.

关键词： breeding cultivar Figure

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