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Soil type and wetting intensity control the enhancement extent of N_(2)O efflux in soil with drought and rewetting cycles

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 137-144页

作者： Panpan Jiao Lei Yang Zhongwu Li Peng Zheng Xiaodong Nie School of Geographical sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYangling 712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Climate change alters the intensity and frequency of drought and rewetting(D/W)events;however,the influence patterns of D/W on soil N_(2)O efflux in the water-limited area were not fully ***,the impacts of D/W cycles varying in different extent of rewetting and frequency to N_(2)O efflux in two kinds of soil on the Loess Plateau were *** incubation conditions consisted of 1)D/W treatments with four 7-day cycles from 10%water holding capacity(WHC)to 60%WHC or 90%WHC,2)constant moisture of 60%WHC and 90%*** pulse of N_(2)O efflux rate under 10-60%WHC treatment was higher than that under 10-90%WHC treatment in calcic cambisols,while opposite trend was observed in earth-cumuli-orthic ***,the pulse of N_(2)O efflux rate decreased as cycle number increased for different wetting intensities and soil *** direct N_(2)O efflux under 10-60%WHC and 10-90%WHC treatments were 5.49 and 1.89μg N_(2)O-N g^(-1)soil in calcic cambisols,with those being 1.92 and 10.85μg N_(2)O-N g^(-1)soil in earth-cumuli-orthic anthrosols,*** N loss in earth-cumuli-orthic anthrosols was approximately 5.74 times greater than that in calcic cambisols under 10-90%WHC treatment,whereas the N loss under 10-60%WHC treatment was about 2.86 times greater in calcic cambisols than that in earth-cumuli-orthic *** study suggested that extreme rainfall events can enhance the N_(2)O efflux and N loss in agricultural soils on the Loess Plateau in terms of soil type and wetting intensity,which should not be ignored in the N fertilizer management.

关键词： Drought/rewetting cycles N_(2)O efflux Wetting intensity Microbial biomass N Dissolved organic N Loess plateau

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Plutonium utilization in a small modular molten-salt reactor based on a batch fuel reprocessing scheme

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 15-28页

作者： Xue-Chao Zhao Rui Yan Gui-Feng Zhu Ya-Fen Liu Jian Guo Xiang-Zhou Cai Yang Zou Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China CAS Innovative Academies in TMSR Energy System Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

A molten salt reactor(MSR)has outstanding features considering the application of thorium fuel,inherent safety,sustainability,and resistance to ***,fissile material^(233)U is significantly rare at the current stage,thus it is difficult for MSR to achieve a pure thorium-uranium fuel ***,using plutonium or enriched uranium as the initial fuel for MSR is more *** this study,we aim to verify the feasibility of a small modular MSR that utilizes plutonium as the starting fuel(SM-MSR-Pu),and highlight its advantages and ***,the structural design and fuel management scheme of the SM-MSR-Pu were ***,the neutronic characteristics,such as the graphite-irradiation lifetime,burn-up performance,and coefficient of temperature reactivity were calculated to analyze the physical characteristics of the *** results indicate that plutonium is a feasible and advantageous starting fuel for a SM-MSR;however,there are certain shortcomings that need to be *** a 250 MWth SM-MSR-Pu,approximately 288.64 kg^(233)U of plutonium with a purity of greater than 90% is produced while 978.00 kg is burned every ten *** temperature reactivity coefficient decreases from -4.0 to -6.5 pcm K^(-1) over the 50-year operating time,which ensures a long-term safe ***,the amount of plutonium and accumulation of minor actinides(MAs)would increase as the burn-up time increases,and the annual production and purity of^(233)U will *** achieve an optimal burn-up performance,setting the entire operation time to 30 years is ***,more than 3600 kg of plutonium eventually accumulate in the *** research is required to effectively utilize this accumulated plutonium.

关键词： Molten salt fuel Plutonium utilization ^(233)U TRUs mole fraction Temperature feedback coefficient

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sRNAminer, a swiss army knife in small RNA research

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Science China Life sciences 2024年第10期67卷 2289-2290页

作者： Jiawen Zhao Zhonglong Guo Xiaozeng Yang State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Institute of Botanythe Chinese Academy of Sciences Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Life SciencesNanjing Forestry University

Small RNAs(sRNAs) are crucial noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression across all kingdoms of life,continually revealing new insights through decades of research. Typically,sRNAs in plants are mainly categorized into microRNAs(miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs(siRNAs), with siRNAs predominantly consisting of phased small interfering RNAs(phasiRNAs) and heterochromatic siRNAs(hc-siRNAs)(Axtell and Meyers, 2018).

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Diversity and ecological assembly process of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in a low irradiation area,Three Gorges Reservoir

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第9期143卷 116-125页

作者： Lixin Huo Anran Ma Hong Liu Xingzu Wang Cheng Song Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Chongqing School University of Chinese Academy of SciencesCollege of Resources and EnvironmentChongqing 400714China Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB)are significant bacterial groups in aquatic ecosystems,known for their rapid growth and photoheterotrophic ***,the distribution and ecological assembly process of AAPB in low irradiation freshwater basins remain unclear,warranting further *** this study,we present the diversity,abundance,spatial variations,ecological process,and community interaction of AAPB in sediment of Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)under low *** findings demonstrate the dominant genera of AAPB community that exist in the TGR area also are appeared in different waters,with some regional ***,the concentration of pufM gene,an indicator for AAPB,maintains a consistently high numerical level ranging from(2.21±0.44)×10^(4)to(9.98±0.30)×10^(7)gene copies/*** solar irradiation is suggested as the major factor affecting AAPB,it remains unclear whether and how AAPB differ between regions due to varying solar irradiation *** results show spatial differences between total bacteria and AAPB communities,with significant differences observed only in *** and environmental factor contributed less than 10%to the spatial difference of community,with sediment type and environmental factors being the key factors influencing microbial community *** stochastic process plays a dominant role in the aggregation and replacement of AAPB communities,among which the most contribution is dispersal *** AAPB network,Yoonia and Gemmobacter are the hubs for *** results valuable insights into the AAPB communities in TGR with low irradiation.

关键词： Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR) Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria(AAPB) Bacterial community Null model Community assembly

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Design and prototyping of the readout electronics for the transition radiation detector in the high energy cosmic radiation detection facility

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 189-199页

作者： Jie-Yu Zhu Yang-Zhou Su Hai-Bo Yang Fen-Hua Lu Yan Yang Xi-Wen Liu Ping Wei Shu-Cai Wan Hao-Qing Xie Xian-Qin Li Cong Dai Hui-Jun Hu Hong-Bang Liu Shu-Wen Tang Cheng-Xin Zhao Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

The high energy cosmic-radiation detection(HERD)facility is planned to launch in 2027 and scheduled to be installed on the China Space *** serves as a dark matter particle detector,a cosmic ray instrument,and an observatory for high-energy gamma rays.A transition radiation detector placed on one of its lateral sides serves dual purpose,(ⅰ)calibrating HERD's electromagnetic calorimeter in the TeV energy range,and(ⅱ)serving as an independent detector for high-energy gamma *** this paper,the prototype readout electronics design of the transition radiation detector is demonstrated,which aims to accurately measure the charge of the anodes using the SAMPA application specific integrated circuit *** electronic performance of the prototype system is evaluated in terms of noise,linearity,and *** the presented design,each electronic channel can achieve a dynamic range of 0–100 fC,the RMS noise level not exceeding 0.15 fC,and the integral nonlinearity was<0.2%.To further verify the readout electronic performance,a joint test with the detector was carried out,and the results show that the prototype system can satisfy the requirements of the detector's scientific goals.

关键词： HERD Dark matter particle detection TRD Readout electronics SAMPA Data acquisition Performance test

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Development of a Mengla virus minigenome and comparison of its polymerase complexes with those of other filoviruses

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第3期39卷 459-468页

作者： Shi-Zhe Xie Ke Yao Bei Li Cheng Peng Xing-Lou Yang Zheng-Li Shi State Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing100049China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory Wuhan430200China

Ebola virus(EBOV)and Marburg virus(MARV),members of the Filoviridae family,are highly pathogenic and can cause hemorrhagic fevers,significantly impacting human *** are considered reservoirs of these viruses because related filoviruses have been discovered in ***,due to the requirement for maximum containment laboratories when studying infectious viruses,the characterization of bat filoviruses often relies on pseudoviruses and minigenome *** this study,we used RACE technology to sequence the 30-leader and 50-trailer of Mengla virus(MLAV)and constructed a *** to MARV,the transcription activities of the MLAV minigenome are independent of *** further assessed the effects of polymorphisms at the 50 end on MLAV minigenome activity and identified certain mutations that decrease minigenome reporter efficiency,probably due to alterations in the RNA secondary *** reporter activity upon recombination of the 30-leaders and 50-trailers of MLAV,MARV,and EBOV with those of the homologous or heterologous minigenomes was compared and it was found that the polymerase complex and leader and trailer sequences exhibit intrinsic ***,we investigated whether the polymerase complex proteins from EBOV and MARV support MLAV minigenome RNA synthesis and found that the homologous system is more efficient than the heterologous *** efficiently inhibited MLAV as well as EBOV *** summary,this study provides new information on bat filoviruses and the minigenome will be a useful tool for high-throughput antiviral drug screening.

关键词： Bat filovirus Mengla virus(MLAV) Minigenome Replication Antiviral drug screening

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Carbon uptake by cement in China:Estimation and contribution to carbon neutrality goals

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第6期67卷 2056-2067页

作者： Mingjing MA Zi HUANG Jiaoyue WANG Le NIU Wenfeng ZHANG Xiaowei XU Fengming XI Zhu LIU Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxfordOX13UK

Cement is a widely used construction material *** manufacturing contributes to anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions ***,its alkaline compounds can absorb CO_(2)from the surrounding environment and engage in a carbonation reaction,thereby functioning as a carbon *** a major cement producer and consumer,China has an important responsibility to rigorously investigate and accurately account for cement carbon *** study presents a comprehensive analytical model of cement carbon uptake from China,revealing a substantial increase in carbon uptake from 1930 to 2021,peaking at 426.77 Mt CO_(2)(95% Confidence Interval:317.67-874.33 Mt CO_(2))in *** uptake accounts for 8.10% to 45.40% of China’s annual land sink and 2.51% to 4.54% of the global land *** cumulative carbon uptake by cement is approximately 7.06 Gt CO_(2)(95%CI:5.22–9.44 Gt CO_(2))during this period,offsetting 50.7% of the total emissions(13.91 Gt CO_(2),95%CI:12.44–17.00 Gt CO_(2))from the cement ***,cement mortar contributed to most absorption(65.64%).From a life cycle perspective,the service stage of cement materials is the period where the largest CO_(2)sink is formed,accounting for 90.03% of the ***,the potential for carbon sequestration in cement materials and their waste is ***,the model improves the accuracy of cement carbon accounting,supporting both China and global carbon neutrality ***,it is crucial for China to achieve its carbon neutrality goals sooner by prioritizing the environmental benefits of cement materials and wastes,and accelerating the development and commercialization of CO_(2)sequestration technologies for cement and its by-products.

关键词： Cement Carbon uptake Life cycle assessment Carbon emission reduction Carbon neutrality

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Tetherless Optical Neuromodulation:Wavelength from Orange-red to Mid-infrared

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第8期40卷 1173-1188页

作者： Chao Sun Qi Fan Rougang Xie Ceng Luo Bingliang Hu Quan Wang Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics(XIOPM)Chinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710119China Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging TechnologyXIOPMChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710119China Department of Neurobiology School of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an 710032China

Optogenetics,a technique that employs light for neuromodulation,has revolutionized the study of neural mechanisms and the treatment of neurological disorders due to its high spatiotemporal resolution and cell-type ***,visible light,particularly blue and green light,commonly used in conventional optogenetics,has limited penetration in biological *** limitation necessitates the implantation of optical fibers for light delivery,especially in deep brain regions,leading to tissue damage and experimental *** overcome these challenges,the use of orange-red and infrared light with greater tissue penetration has emerged as a promising approach for tetherless optical *** this review,we provide an overview of the development and applications of tetherless optical neuromodulation methods with long *** first discuss the exploration of orange-red wavelength-responsive rhodopsins and their performance in tetherless optical ***,we summarize two novel tetherless neuromodulation methods using near-infrared light:upconversion nanoparticle-mediated optogenetics and photothermal *** addition,we discuss recent advances in mid-infrared optical neuromodulation.

关键词： Optical neuromodulation Tetherless Orange-red wavelength responding rhodopsins Upconversion nanoparticle-mediated optogenetics Photothermal neuromodulation

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Metallurgical performance evaluation of space-weathered Chang’e-5 lunar soil

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1241-1248页

作者： Chen Li Wenhui Ma Yang Li Kuixian Wei Center for Lunar and Planetary sciences Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China

Space metallurgy is an interdisciplinary field that combines planetary space science and metallurgical *** involves systematic and theoretical engineering technology for utilizing planetary resources in ***,space metallurgy on the Moon is challenging because the lunar surface has experienced space weathering due to the lack of atmosphere and magnetic field,making the mi-crostructure of lunar soil differ from that of minerals on the *** this study,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed on Chang’e-5 powder lunar soil *** microstructural characteristics of the lunar soil may drastically change its metallurgical *** main special structure of lunar soil minerals include the nanophase iron formed by the impact of micrometeorites,the amorphous layer caused by solar wind injection,and radiation tracks modified by high-energy particle rays inside mineral *** nanophase iron presents a wide distribution,which may have a great impact on the electromagnetic prop-erties of lunar *** ions injected by solar wind may promote the hydrogen reduction *** widely distributed amorph-ous layer and impact glass can promote the melting and diffusion process of lunar ***,although high-energy events on the lun-ar surface transform the lunar soil,they also increase the chemical activity of the lunar *** is a property that earth samples and tradi-tional simulated lunar soil *** application of space metallurgy requires comprehensive consideration of the unique physical and chemical properties of lunar soil.

关键词： space metallurgy Chang’e-5 lunar soil space weathering metallurgical performance

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Potential distribution of Haloxylon ammodendron in Central Asia under climate change

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第9期16卷 1255-1269页

作者： CHEN Zhuo SHAO Minghao HU Zihao GAO Xin LEI Jiaqiang Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China University of Emergency Management Beijing 101601China

Understanding the spatial distribution of plant species and their dynamic changes in arid areas is crucial for addressing the challenges posed by climate *** ammodendron shelterbelts are essential for the protection of plant resources and the control of desertification in Central *** far,the potential suitable habitats of *** in Central Asia are still uncertain in the future under global climate change *** study utilised the maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model to combine the current distribution data of *** with its growth-related data to analyze the potential distribution pattern of *** across Central *** results show that there are suitable habitats of *** in the Aralkum Desert,northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains,and the upstream of the Tarim River and western edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the Tarim Basin under the current climate *** period from 2021 to 2040 is projected to undergo significant changes in the suitable habitat area of *** in Central Asia,with a projected 15.0% decrease in the unsuitable habitat *** areas farther from the ocean,such as the Caspian Sea and Aralkum Desert,will continue to experience a decrease in the suitable habitats of *** exhibiting frequent fluctuations in the habitat suitability levels are primarily found along the axis stretching from Astana to Kazakhskiy Melkosopochnik in *** regions can transition into suitable habitats under varying climate conditions,requiring the implementation of appropriate human intervention measures to prevent *** climate conditions are expected to cause an eastward shift in the geometric centre of the potential suitable habitats of ***,with the extent of this shift amplifying alongside more greenhouse gas *** study can provide theoretical support for the spatial configuration of *** shelterbelts and desertification co

关键词： Haloxylon ammodendron potential suitable habitats climate change desertification maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model Central Asia Aralkum Desert

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