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Experimental Study on Geometry Characteristics of Turbulent Premixed Flames for Natural Gas/Air Mixtures

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 268-282页

作者： ZHENG Weilin WANG Qijiao XIAO Huahua CHEN Xiaoxiao XIE Fan ZENG Wen Liaoning Key Lab of Advanced Test technology for Aerospace Propulsion System Shenyang Aerospace University State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of science and Technology of China AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute

In this study,focusing on the geometry characteristics of spherical expanding flame,the turbulent premixed flames of natural gas/air mixtures were investigated in a fan-stirred turbulent *** effects of initial temperature（T=300-400 K）,initial pressure（P=0.1-0.3 MPa）,turbulence intensity（u'=1.0-2.7 m/s）,oxygen volumetric percentage(φ（O2）=15%-21%) and carbon dioxide volumetric percentage(φ（CO2）=0-20%)were delved *** flame profile under the Cartesian coordinate system was derived from the schlieren images taken by the high-speed ***,from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives,the influence of experimental conditions on the flame geometry characteristics was explored through flame front extraction,wavelet decomposition and network *** results demonstrate that for significant flame wrinkling,changes in species concentrations and turbulence intensity have more pronounced effects on the flame wrinkling *** wrinkling of the flame front maintains a certain degree of similarity,as evidenced by the locally concentrated distribution of the angles of the maximum fluctuation *** disturbance energy under large-scale（D6-D8） disturbances exhibits relatively high values with a similar trend,exerting a significant impact on the geometry characteristics of the flame *** peaks of correlation degree are scattered either with the decomposition scale or the development of flame radius,indicating no linear correlation between different detail ***,the probability distribution of node degrees in key wrinkled regions exhibits different trends with that of large-scale wrinkling and disturbance energy,especially with changes in initial *** occurs because the number of key wrinkles varies based on the perturbation's strength or the region's ***,an increase in the fluctuation frequency of the flame's local radius may not necessarily lead to an increase in the number of key folded regions.

关键词： fan-stirred turbulent combustor geometry characteristics large-scale wrinkling network topology wavelet decomposition

A Wind Tunnel Experimental Study on the Wake Characteristics of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 145-158页

作者： GUO Xingduo LI Yinran LI Rennian MA Yulong WEI Kui College of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems Gansu Provincial technology Centre for Wind Turbines

The characteristics of wind turbine wakes are influenced by multiple factors,including the atmospheric boundary layer(ABL) wind and wind turbine operating conditions(e.g.,tip speed ratio and yaw angle).In this study,two types of ABL winds with different velocity gradients and turbulence intensities are generated in a wind tunnel through configurations of spires,baffles,and various numbers of roughness elements.A wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 0.8 m and a hub height of 0.6 m is tested under varying tip speed ratios,yaw angles,and ABL wind *** results indicate that the streamwise velocity deficit in the near-wake region becomes more pronounced with an increase in the tip speed ratio,while the far-wake velocity deficit remains largely unaffected by changes in the tip speed *** the yaw angle increases,the wake deflection becomes more prominent and the wake narrows;the offset of the wake center at various downstream positions grows linearly,reaching a maximum value of approximately half the rotor ***,the turbulence level and influence range in the wake region are reduced when the turbine is *** ABL wind conditions,high turbulence intensity in the incoming flow accelerates wake recovery,and the Reynolds stress at different lateral positions tends to become consistent with increasing longitudinal ***,turbulence has a significant impact on the meandering characteristics of the wind turbine wake,with greater fluctuations in the wake center observed under higher turbulence ***,this study provides insights that could inform the optimal operation of wind farms.

关键词： horizontal axis wind turbine turbulence wind tunnel experiment wind turbine wake

Recent development in electrode design for wide-temperature supercapacitors

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 96-117页

作者： Jianhong Liu Qiang Zhou Yuxiao Lin Xinsheng Zhao Guangmin Zhou Xiaoxiao Li School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Jiangsu Normal University Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University

An ever-increasing market demand has stimulated the soaring enthusiasm of researchers to develop wide-temperature supercapacitors(SCs). The active electrode is one of the most important parts of SC, which is directly related to the energy density,power transmission and long-term cyclability of the device in the wide-temperature environment. Compared with the SC electrodes aimed for room-temperature application, the SC electrodes for operating at wide-temperature scene often face greater challenges. In this review, the main challenges of SC electrodes under various temperature conditions, including low, high and cross-fade temperatures, are summarized. The relevant performance decay and failure mechanisms of wide-temperature SC electrodes are analyzed. In addition, this review deals with the recent studies and developments in robust wide-temperature SC electrodes with respect to the rational design of electrode structures and the exploitation of advanced active materials. Finally, the future directions for exploring reliable wide-temperature SCs are also proposed.

关键词： supercapacitor wide-temperature electrode design active materials

Innovative dual-mode device integrating capacitive desalination and solar vapor generation for high-efficiency seawater desalination

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 171-179页

作者： Jiacheng Wang Zhaoyu Chen Ruduan Yuan Jiaxin Luo Ben Zhang Keju Ji Meng Li Juanxiu Xiao Kuan Sun national Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage technology MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsCollege of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University Xuefeng Mountain Energy Equipment Safety national Observation and Research Station CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory Chongqing University Southwest technology and Engineering Research Institute Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Bionic Functional Materials College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University

Solar-driven interface evaporation with high solar-to-steam conversion efficiency has shown great potential in seawater ***,due to the influence of latent heat and condensation efficiency,the water yield from solar-driven interface evaporation remains insufficient,posing a significant challenge that requires *** this work,we designed a dual-mode high-flux seawater desalination device that combines solar-driven interface evaporation and capacitive *** utilizing coupled desalination materials exhibiting both photothermal conversion and capacitance activity,the device demonstrated photothermal evaporation rates of 1.41 and 0.97 kg m-2h-1for condensate water yield under one-sun ***,the device exhibited a salt adsorption capacity of up to48 mg g-1and a salt adsorption rate of 2.1 mg *** addition,the salt adsorption capacity increased by approximately 32% under one-sun ***,photo-enhanced capacitive desalination performance was explored through numerical simulations and theoretical *** calculations and characterizations confirmed that the defect energy levels formed by the introduction of sulfur vacancies can effectively widen the light absorption range,improve photothermal conversion performance,and stimulate more photoelectrons to participate in capacitive ***,the electron distribution state of molybdenum disulfide with sulfur vacancies and surface defect sites contributes to ion/electron transport at the solid-liquid *** work provides a novel pathway for integrating solar vapor generation with other low-energy desalination technologies.

关键词： Desalination

Contribution of fungal biomass to persistent soil carbon across natural ecosystems

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年

作者： Xiang WANG Guang-Hui YU Yakov KUZYAKOV Bo-Hao YIN Andreas KAPPLER Cong-Qiang LIU Bohai Coastal Critical Zone national Observation and Research Station Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System Science Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim Tianjin University Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil Science University of G?ttingen Agro-Technological Institute Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) Geomicrobiology Center for Applied Geosciences University of Tübingen Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection University of Tübingen

Fungi are known to be crucial in the formation and stabilization of soil organic matter through their exudates and dead residues (necromass). Yet, it remains unclear how fungi contribute to the persistence of carbon in soils over millennial scales across biomes. Here, this study fills the knowledge gap by linking fungal carbon stocks with minerals-associated carbon stocks across major biomes. A strong correlation between fungal biomass and reactive mineral-associated carbon stocks in soils across six biomes supports the substantial role of fungi in soil carbon persistence at the global level. High spatial resolution nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that fungi may stabilize carbon by forming organo-mineral associations through their close physical connection to reactive minerals and weathered nanoparticles. We propose a conceptual model that emphasizes the dualistic role of hypha-mineral interactions:(i) fungi accelerate organic matter decomposition by producing reactive oxygen species on the hypha-mineral interfaces, and (ii) fungi stabilize their residues on mineral surfaces, leading to millennial scale persistence of soil C. Concluding, fungi play a fundamental role in ecosystems that extends beyond the decomposition of persistent carbon. They are crucial in stabilizing carbon on mineral surfaces, thereby facilitating the long-term removal of carbon from rapid biotic cycling.

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Autophagy-targeting modulation to promote peripheral nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1864-1882页

作者： Yan Chen Hongxia Deng Nannan Zhang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology West China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Women and Children’s Diseases Ministry of EducationSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Regulation Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina national Center for Birth Defect Monitoring West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina

Nerve regeneration following traumatic peripheral nerve injuries and neuropathies is a complex process modulated by diverse factors and intricate molecular *** studies have focused on factors that stimulate axonal outgrowth and myelin ***,recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of autophagy in peripheral nerve regeneration,particularly in the context of traumatic ***,autophagy-targeting modulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to enhancing peripheral nerve *** current understanding suggests that activating autophagy facilitates the rapid clearance of damaged axons and myelin sheaths,thereby enhancing neuronal survival and mitigating injury-induced oxidative stress and *** actions collectively contribute to creating a favorable microenvironment for structural and functional nerve regeneration.A range of autophagyinducing drugs and interventions have demonstrated beneficial effects in alleviating peripheral neuropathy and promoting nerve regeneration in preclinical models of traumatic peripheral nerve *** review delves into the regulation of autophagy in cell types involved in peripheral nerve regeneration,summarizing the potential drugs and interventions that can be harnessed to promote this *** hope that our review will offer novel insights and perspectives on the exploitation of autophagy pathways in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries and neuropathies.

关键词： autophagy autophagy related genes Charcot–Marie–Tooth diseases diabetic peripheral neuropathy metformin myelination peripheral nerve injury Schwann cells sciatic nerve Wallerian degeneration

High-selectivity electroreduction of low-concentration CO2 with large concentration fluctuation

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Mengyu Qi Yanbin Ma Chao Zhang Bingwei Li Xueqing Yang Zhaolin Shi Simeng Liu Changhua An Jiqing Jiao Tongbu Lu MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure Analysis and Testing CenterInstitute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTianjin University of Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) Nankai University

Electrochemical CO2reduction reaction（CO2RR） has been regarded as one of the most promising solutions to achieving “zero carbon emission”. In most of the CO2RR-related studies, high-purity CO2has been employed as the feed gas; however, in practice, CO2is generally emitted in low concentrations, so it is of great significance to realize high-selectivity electroreduction of low-concentration CO2with large concentration fluctuation. In this work, we constructed a dual-active-site catalyst and successfully achieved CO2local enrichment and conversion for low-concentration CO2. Operando experiments reveal that the catalyst has one type of site for activating CO2and one type of site for binding the reaction intermediates. The dual-active-site catalyst displays a selectivity for formic acid consistently above 97% over a broad potential window（from-0.9 to-1.6 V ***）. Even when fed with a low-concentration CO2stream（volume ratio from 50% down to 10%）, the dual-active-site catalyst could display high activity and selectivity（>91%）. In particular, the selectivity is still above 85% when the CO2volume ratio is as low as 5%. This work offers a feasible route for converting low-concentration CO2via a synergistic effect for dual-active-site catalysts.

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Liposomes as versatile agents for the management of traumatic and nontraumatic central nervous system disorders:drug stability,targeting efficiency,and safety

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1883-1899页

作者： Mingyu Zhang Chunyu Xiang Renrui Niu Xiaodong He Wenqi Luo Wanguo Liu Rui Gu Department of Orthopedic Surgery China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

Various nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of neurological disorders have been widely ***,their inability to cross the blood–brain barrier hampers the clinical translation of these therapeutic *** are nanoparticles composed of lipid bilayers,which can effectively encapsulate drugs and improve drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier and into brain tissue through their targeting and ***,they can potentially treat traumatic and nontraumatic central nervous system *** this review,we outlined the common properties and preparation methods of liposomes,including thin-film hydration,reverse-phase evaporation,solvent injection techniques,detergent removal methods,and microfluidics ***,we comprehensively discussed the current applications of liposomes in central nervous system diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,traumatic brain injury,spinal cord injury,and brain *** studies related to liposomes are still in the laboratory stage and have not yet entered clinical ***,their application as drug delivery systems in clinical practice faces challenges such as drug stability,targeting efficiency,and ***,we proposed development strategies related to liposomes to further promote their development in neurological disease research.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis brain tumors central nervous system Huntington's disease liposome drug delivery neurological disorders Parkinson's disease spinal cord injury traumatic brain injury

A Subchronic Toxicity Study on Lactobacillus Fermentum GM 090 in Rat

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第8期26卷 680-683页

作者： JIA Xu Dong ZHANG Xiao Peng LI Ning Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment

Lactobacillus fermentum （L. fermentum） is one of seven species in the genus Lactobacillus[1]. With a long history of safe use in fermented food production, Lactobacillus is considered as one of the most beneficial probiotics[23]. The most well-known potential health benefit is improving digestion and immune function[4.s]. Other beneficial functions of Lactobacillus strains include managing lactose intoleranceIs], lowering cholesterol and blood pressureIs], reducing inflammation[~], and prevention of cancerIs＇7]. L. fermentum is usually found during malt whisky fermentation]8]. L. fermentum CP34 was found to have the significant effect of decreasing the serum antigen-specific IgE levels compared to a control group[9].

关键词： A Subchronic Toxicity Study on Lactobacillus Fermentum GM 090 in Rat body GM