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Skeletal stem cells in bone development,homeostasis,and disease

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Protein & Cell 2024年第8期15卷 559-574页

作者： Guixin Yuan Xixi Lin Ying Liu Matthew B.Greenblatt Ren Xu The First Affliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cell State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue RegenerationOrgan Transplantation InstituteSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Cormell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10065USA Research Division Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY10065USA

Tissue-resident stem cells are essential for development and repair,and in the skeleton,this function is fulfilled by recently identified skeletal stem cells(SSCs).However,recent work has identified that SSCs are not monolithic,with long bones,craniofacial sites,and the spine being formed by distinct stem *** studies have utilized techniques such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting,lineage tracing,and single-cell sequencing to investigate the involvement of ssCs in bone development,homeostasis,and *** investigations have allowed researchers to map the lineage commitment trajectory of ssCs in different parts of the body and at different time ***,recent studies have shed light on the characteristics of ssCs in both physiological and pathological *** review focuses on discussing the spatiotemporal distribution of ssCs and enhancing our understanding of the diversity and plasticity of ssCs by summarizing recent discoveries.

关键词： skeletal stem cells bone development endochondral ossification intramembranous ossification lineage tracing

Accelerated intermetallic phase amorphization in a Mg-based high-entropy alloy powder

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1792-1798页

作者： Prince Sharma Purvam Mehulkumar Gandhi Kerri-Lee Chintersingh Mirko Schoenitz Edward L.Dreizin Sz-Chian Liou Ganesh Balasubramanian Institute for Functional Materials&Devices Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA Center of Materials for Advanced Energetics New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102USA

We describe a novel mechanism for the synthesis of a stable high-entropy alloy powder from an otherwise immiscible Mg-Ti rich metallic mixture by employing high-energy mechanical *** presented methodology expedites the synthesis of amorphous alloy powder by strategically injecting entropic disorder through the inclusion of multi-principal elements in the alloy *** from first principles and materials theory corroborate the results from microscopic characterizations that reveal a transition of the amorphous phase from a precursor intermetallic *** transformation,characterized by the emergence of antisite disorder,lattice expansion,and the presence of nanograin boundaries,signifies a departure from the precursor intermetallic ***,this phase transformation is accelerated by the presence of multiple principal elements that induce severe lattice distortion and a higher configurational *** atomic size mismatch of the dissimilar elements present in the alloy produces a stable amorphous phase that resists reverting to an ordered lattice even on annealing.

关键词： High-entropy alloy High-energy milling Antisite disorder Amorphous Intermetallic

Backward scattering of laser plasma interactions from hundreds-of-joules broadband laser on thick target

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 5-14页

作者： Peipei Wang Honghai An Zhiheng Fang Jun Xiong Zhiyong Xie Chen Wang Zhiyu He Guo Jia Ruirong Wang Shu Zheng Lan Xia Wei Feng Haitao Shi Wei Wang Jinren Sun Yanqi Gao Sizu Fu Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma CAEPShanghai 201899People’s Republic of China

The use of broadband laser technology is a novel approach for inhibiting processes related to laser plasma interactions(LPIs).In this study,several preliminary experiments into broadband-laser-driven LPIs are carried out using a newly established hundreds-of-joules broadband second-harmonic-generation laser *** direct comparison with LPI results for a traditional narrowband laser,the actual LPI-suppression effect of the broadband laser is *** broadband laser had a clear suppressive effect on both back-stimulated Raman scattering and back-stimulated Brillouin scattering at laser intensities below 1×10^(15) W cm^(−2).An abnormal hot-electron phenomenon is also investigated,using targets of different thicknesses.

关键词： scattering laser hundreds

Internal flow in sessile droplets induced by substrate oscillation:towards enhanced mixing and mass transfer in microfluidic systems

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 369-379页

作者： Tianyi Zhang Peng Zhou Terrence Simon Tianhong Cui Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA

The introduction of flows within sessile droplets is highly effective for many lab-on-a-chip chemical and biomedical ***,generating such flows is difficult due to the typically small droplet ***,we present a simple,non-contact strategy to generate internal flows in sessile droplets for enhancing mixing and mass *** flows are driven by actuating a rigid substrate into oscillation with certain amplitude distributions without relying on the resonance of the droplet *** oscillation characteristics and corresponding flow patterns are documented *** indices and mass transfer coefficients of sessile droplets on the substrate surface are measured using optical and electrochemical *** demonstrate complete mixing within the droplets in 1.35 s and increases in mass transfer rates of more than seven times static *** of concept was conducted with experiments of silver nanoparticle synthesis and with heavy metal ion sensing employing the sessile droplet as a microreactor for synthesis and an electrochemical cell for *** degrees of enhancement of synthesis efficiency and detection sensitivity attributed to the internal flows are experimentally documented.

关键词： mixing oscillation synthesis

Symmetry quantification and segmentation in STEM imaging through Zernike moments

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第8期33卷 39-48页

作者： Jiadong Dan Cheng Zhang 赵晓续 N.Duane Loh Department of Biological sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore Center for Bioimaging sciences(CBIS) National University of SingaporeSingapore Department of Physics National University of SingaporeSingapore School of Materials science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

We present a method using Zernike moments for quantifying rotational and reflectional symmetries in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)images,aimed at improving structural analysis of materials at the atomic *** technique is effective against common imaging noises and is potentially suited for low-dose imaging and identifying quantum *** showcase its utility in the unsupervised segmentation of polytypes in a twisted bilayer TaS_(2),enabling accurate differentiation of structural phases and monitoring transitions caused by electron beam *** approach enhances the analysis of structural variations in crystalline materials,marking a notable advancement in the characterization of structures in materials science.

关键词： scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM) symmetry segmentation

The early life immune dynamics and cellular drivers at single-cell resolution in lamb forestomachs and abomasum

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 218-235页

作者： Kailang Huang Bin Yang Zebang Xu Hongwei Chen Jiakun Wang Institute of Dairy science College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition Ministry of EducationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Background Four-chambered stomach including the forestomachs(rumen,reticulum,and omasum)and abomasum allows ruminants convert plant fiber into high-quality animal *** early development of this four-chambered stomach is crucial for the health and well-being of young ruminants,especially the immune ***,the dynamics of immune development are poorly *** We investigated the early gene expression patterns across the four-chambered stomach in Hu sheep,at 5,10,15,and 25 days of *** found that forestomachs share similar gene expression patterns,all four stomachs underwent widespread activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses from d 5 to 25,whereas the metabolic function were significantly downregulated with *** constructed a cell landscape of the four-chambered stomach using single-cell *** transcriptomic and single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that the immune-associated module hub genes were highly expressed in T cells,monocytes and macrophages,as well as the defense-associated module hub genes were highly expressed in endothelial cells in the four-stomach ***,the non-immune cells such as epithelial cells play key roles in immune *** communication analysis predicted that in addition to immune cells,non-immune cells recruit immune cells through macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling in the *** Our results demonstrate that the immune and defense responses of four stomachs are quickly developing with age in lamb's early *** also identified the gene expression patterns and functional cells associated with immune ***,we identified some key receptors and signaling involved in immune *** results help to understand the early life immune development at single-cell resolution,which has implications to develop nutritional manipulation and health management strategies based on specific targets including key

关键词： Early life Forestomachs Four-chambered stomach Immune cells Immune system maturation MIF signaling Rumen Ruminant development Single-cell transcriptomic sequencing

Modeling urban scale human mobility through big data analysis and machinelearning

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Building Simulation 2024年第1期17卷 3-21页

作者： Yapan Liu Bing Dong Department of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering Syracuse University263 Link HallSyracuseNY 13244USA

In the United States,the buildings sector consumes about 76%of electricity use and 40% of all primary energy use and associated greenhouse gas *** behavior has drawn increasing research interests due to its impacts on the building energy ***,occupant behavior study at urban scale remains a challenge,and very limited studies have been *** an effort to couple big data analysis with human mobility modeling,this study has explored urban scale human mobility utilizing three months Global Positioning System(GPS)data of 93,o00 users at Phoenix Metropolitan *** research extracted stay points from raw data,and identified users'home,work,and other locations by Density-Based Spatial Clustering ***,daily mobility patterns were constructed using different types of *** propose a novel approach to predict urban scale daily human mobility patterns with 12-hour prediction horizon,using Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network *** shows the developed models achieved around 85%average accuracy and about 86%mean *** developed models can be further applied to analyze urban scale occupant behavior,building energy demand and flexibility,and contributed to urban planning.

关键词： urban human mobility big data analysis urban scale occupant behavior recurrent neural networks

A call for enhanced data-driven insights into wind energy flow physics

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第1期14卷 6-10页

作者： Coleman Moss Romit Maulik Giacomo Valerio Iungo Wind Fluids and Experiments(WindFluX)Laboratory Mechanical Engineering DepartmentThe University of Texas at DallasRichardson 75080USA College of Information sciences and Technology The Pennsylvania State UniversityState College 16801USA

With the increased availability of experimental measurements aiming at probing wind resources and wind turbine operations,machine learning(ML)models are poised to advance our understanding of the physics underpinning the interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer and wind turbine arrays,the generated wakes and their interactions,and wind energy ***,the majority of the existing ML models for predicting wind turbine wakes merely recreate Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulated data with analogous accuracy but reduced computational costs,thus providing surrogate models rather than enhanced data-enabled physics *** ML-based surrogate models are useful to overcome current limitations associated with the high computational costs of CFD models,using ML to unveil processes from experimental data or enhance modeling capabilities is deemed a potential research direction to *** this letter,we discuss recent achievements in the realm of ML modeling of wind turbine wakes and operations,along with new promising research strategies.

关键词： Machine learning Wake Wind turbine Wind farm Supervisory control and data acquisition

Defined hydrogels for spinal cord organoids:challenges and potential applications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2329-2330页

作者： Wai Hon Chooi Yuewen Wu Shi-Yan Ng Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology(IMCB) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore(NUS)SingaporeSingapore

Organoids of the central nervous system,primarily derived from pluripotent stem cells or neural stem cells,are three-dimensional tissue cultures with self-organizing *** exposed to the right combinations of signals,they differentiate into a 3D tissue consisting of complex cytoarchitecture and native cell types,including various neuron subtypes and glial *** features closely mimic native tissues,making them invaluable for developmental studies and disease *** recent years,spinal cord organoids(SCOs)have been developed to investigate spinal cord development,injuries,and various neurological *** an integral part of the central nervous system,SCOs play a vital role and serve as a site for studying both neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： properties injuries primarily