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Effect of red clover isoflavones on hormone, immune, inflammatory,and plasma biochemistry in lactating dairy cows

Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 306-312页

作者： Shiqi Zhang Xiaoyin Zhang Zhanbo Xiong Kexin Li Yuan gao Ying Bu Nan Zheng Shengguo Zhao Jiaqi Wang State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

This study was to conducted to investigate the effect of red clover isoflavones on the health indicated by immune status and blood biochemistry in dairy cows. Sixty-eight healthy Holstein lactating cows were randomly divided into four treatments(n = 17 per treatment) from 5 blocks according to milk yield using a randomized complete block design. No initial differences in parity(2.13 ± 1.21), days in milk(165 ± 21 d), and milk yield(33.93 ± 3.81 kg/d) between groups. Cows were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0, 2, 4, or 8 g/kg red clover extract(rCE) in diet(dry matter based). Feeding, refusal feed weights, and milk yield were recorded three consecutive days in weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12. Blood was collected from the tail vein of the cows on the last day of weeks 4, 8 and 12, 1 h after the morning feeding,and analyzed for hormones, immunoglobulins, inflammatory markers, and markers of liver and kidney activities. The dry matter intake was significantly decreased by 3.7% in the 8 g/kg group(P rrected milk yield was significantly higher in both of the 2 and 4 g/kg groups(P radiol and prolactin showed a quadratic effect with increasing rCE levels, with the highest in the 4 g/kg group(P r necrosis factor(TNF)-a, interleukin(IL)-6, and IL-1β levels decreased linearly with increasing dietary rCE levels. Plasma IL-18 levels showed a quadratic effect with increasing dietary rCE levels, with significantly lower levels in both of the 2 and 4 g/kg groups(P globulin A and D-lactic acid levels showed a quadratic effect with increasing dietary rCE levels,with significantly higher level in the 4 g/kg group(P r function and kidney activity makers were similar(P > 0.05). These results recommend the supplementation of rCE at a level from 2 to4 g/kg DM.

关键词： Dairy cow red clover isoflavone Immunity Anti-inflammatory

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Preparation and characterization of pH-responsive metal-polyphenol structure coated nanoparticles

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1303-1310页

作者： Qile Xia Yan Liang Ailing Cao Yan Cao Luyun Cai key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits Food Science InstituteZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310021China Ningbo research Institute College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityNingbo 315100China School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Marine Ranch EquipmentNingboTech UniversityNingbo 315100China College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai UniversityJinzhou 121013China Hangzhou Customs District Hangzhou 310007China

In this paper,tannic acid(TA)and Fe~(3+)were added to form a layer of metal-polyphenol network structure on the surface of the nanoparticles which were fabricated by zein and carbon quantum dots(CQDs)encapsulating phlorotannins(PTN).pH-responsive nanoparticles were prepared successfully(zein-PTN-CQDs-Fe-~Ⅲ).Further,the formation of composite nanoparticles was confirmed by a series of characterization *** zeta-potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data proved that electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding are dominant forces to form *** encapsulation efficiency(EE)revealed that metal-polyphenol network structure could improve the EE of *** analysis and differential scanning calorimetry experiment indicated the thermal stability of zein-PTN-CQDs-Fe~Ⅲnanoparticles increased because of metal-polyphenol network *** pH-responsive nanoparticles greatly increased the release rate of active substances and achieved targeted release.

关键词： Metal Phlorotannins Nanoparticles pH-responsive Characterization

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Superior synergistic oxidation resistance of medium-entropy carbide ceramic powders rather than multi-phase carbide ceramic powders

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第8期13卷 1223-1233页

作者： Jiachen Li Fanyu Lu Tao Li Yanqin Fu Junhao Zhao Junshuai Lv Yulei Zhang Shaanxi key Laboratory of Fiber reinforced Light Composite Materials State Key Laboratory of Solidification ProcessingNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

To date,some questions about medium-entropy carbide ceramics and the corresponding multi-phase carbide ceramics with the same cations and proportions remain *** oxidation behavior,do both have synergistic oxidation abilities and what role does entropy stabilization play in medium-entropy carbides?In this work,the oxidation behaviors of HfC-ZrC-TiC multi-phase carbide(HZT-MPC)and(Hf_(1/3)Zr_(1/3)Ti_(1/3))C medium-entropy carbide(HZT-MEC)powders were *** thermogravimetry(Tg)oxidation,the Tg curve of HZT-MPC had a bimodal ***"preferential oxidation"of HfC/ZrC occurred within HZT-MPC,followed by the formation of multi-phase oxides(HfO_(2),ZrO_(2),and TiO_(2)).The uneven compositional distribution slowed their solid solution reactions to form Ti-doped(Hf,Zr)O_(2) and(Hf,Zr)TiO_(4).The Tg curve of HZT-MEC had a single peak.A uniform compositional distribution at the atomic scale promoted the rapid interdiffusion of oxides,forming Ti-doped(Hf,Zr)O_(2) and(Hf,Zr)TiO_(4) without ZrO_(2),HfO_(2),and TiO_(2) after Tg ***,HZT-MEC had a higher onset oxidation temperature(To;470℃)than did HZT-MPC(430℃),and the Tg single peak of HZT-MEC was between the Tg bimodal peaks of ***,HZT-MEC showed superior oxidation resistance compared to HZT-MPC,which was attributed to the entropy stabilization effect of HZT-MEC suppressing the"preferential oxidation"of HfC/ZrC and the"delayed oxidation"of TiC,promoting the synergistic oxidation ability of multiple principal elements.

关键词： medium-entropy carbide multi-phase carbide synergistic oxidation ability oxidation resistance

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Effects of biochanin A on lactational performance,nitrogen metabolism,and blood metabolites in dairy cows

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 441-449页

作者： Zhanbo Xiong Yanjun Li Xiaoyin Zhang Shiqi Zhang Kexin Li Nan Zheng Shengguo Zhao Jiaqi Wang State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China

Optimizing nitrogen utilization efficiency and mitigating nitrogen losses in cows plays a pivotal role in fostering economic sustainability within contemporary agricultural *** A(BCA),a natural component in red clover,has the potential to improve nitrogen metabolism in dairy *** primary objective of this study was to probe the impact of biochanin A supplementation on lactational performance,nitrogen metabolism,and blood metabolites in dairy cows.A complete randomized block design experiment was conducted over 28 d,involving 36 multiparous Holstein cows(comparable milk yield=37.1±2.90 kg,BW=642±70.0 kg,days in milk=92±8.0 d,and parity=2.4±0.50),which were allocated to three treatment groups:the Control group(with 0 g/d BCA),the Low group(with 10 g/d per cow BCA),and the High group(with 40 g/d per cow BCA).Biochanin A supplementation improved the lactational performance of cows by increasing milk yield by 6.3%(P=0.007)and feed efficiency by 12.7%(P=0.009).Total intestinal apparent digestibility was unaffected by BCA supplementation(P>0.05),but microbial nitrogen was increased by 30.0%(P=0.002)for promoting nitrogen utilization efficiency by 20.7%(P=0.004).Milk competent yields(protein,lactose,and non-fat milk solid)were increased with increasing BCA supplementation(P 0.05).BCA did not affect body health of dairy ***,none of the plasma endocrine hormones were affected(P>0.05).A total of 95 significantly different metabolites were screened from the plasma metabolites of cows in the BCA-added and non-added *** performing an enrichment analysis of the metabolic pathways associated with the different metabolites,six specific pathways were identified:bile acid biosynthesis,aspartate metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,the urea cycle,and ammonia *** inclusion of BCA is suggested to enhance milk yield and modulate nitrogen metabolism by influencing relevant metabolites within the metabolic pathwa

关键词： Biochanin A Lactational performance Nutritional metabolism Blood metabolite

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Efficient guiding and focusing of intense laser pulse using periodic thin slits

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Matter and radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 29-39页

作者： L.Xu T.W.Huang K.Jiang C.N.Wu H.Peng P.C.hen r.Li H.B.Zhuo C.T.Zhou Shenzhen key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material technology Center for Intense Laser ApplicationTechnologyand College of Engineering PhysicsShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China

Slits have been widely used in laser-plasma interactions as plasma optical components for generating high-harmonic light and controlling laser-driven particle ***,we propose and demonstrate that periodic thin slits can be regarded as a new breed of optical elements for efficient focusing and guiding of intense laser *** fundamental physics of intense laser interaction with thin slits is studied,and it is revealed that relativistic effects can lead to enhanced laser focusing far beyond the pure diffractive focusing *** addition,the interaction of an intense laser pulse with periodic thin slits makes it feasible to achieve multifold enhancement in both laser intensity and energy transfer efficiency compared with conventional *** results provide a novel method for manipulating ultra-intense laser pulses and should be of interest for many laser-based applications.

关键词： laser pulse intense

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Implications of neutron skin measurements on Skyrme equations of state

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 155-161页

作者：管大为裴俊琛蒋崇基 State key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory(SCNT) Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesHuizhou 516000China

The recent measurements of neutron skins via parity violation in electron scattering have extracted an abnormally thick neutron skin for 208 Pb,which has significant consequences in nuclear equation of state(EoS)and neutron star *** this study,we perform optimizations of extended Skyrme forces in a consistent manner by including neutron skin thicknesses from PrEX-Ⅱand CrEX experiments and investigate nuclear EoSs and neutron stars in the gW170817 event By varying the fitting weights of neutron skins,several new Skyrme parameterizations are *** results show the competition in the fitting procedure to simultaneously describe neutron skins,other properties of finite nuclei,and neutron star *** prospects of resolving neutron skin issues are also discussed.

关键词： neutron skin equation of state neutron star Skyrme force

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Deterministic processes drive turnover-dominated beta diversity of breeding birds along the central Himalayan elevation gradient

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Avian research 2024年第2期15卷 163-171页

作者： Zhifeng Ding Jianchao Liang Le Yang Cong Wei Huijian Hu Xingfeng Si guangdong key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and resource Utilization Institute of ZoologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong510260China Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology Lhasa850001China Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and research Station Institute of Eco-ChongmingZhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China

Beta diversity,the variation of community composition among sites,bridges alpha and gamma diversity and can reveal the mechanisms of community assembly through applying distance-decay models and/or partitioning beta diversity into turnover and nestedness components from functional and phylogenetic *** as the most natural experiment system provide good opportunities for exploring beta diversity patterns and the underlying ecological ***,we simultaneously consider distance-decay models and multiple di-mensions of beta diversity to examine spatial variations of bird communities,and to evaluate the relative importance of niche-based and neutral community assembly mechanisms along a 3600-m elevational gradient in the central Himalayas,*** results showed that species turnover dominates taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta *** observed strongest evidence of spatial distance decays in taxonomic similarities of birds,followed by its phylogenetic and functional *** component was highest in taxonomic beta diversity,while nestedness component was highest in functional beta ***,all correlations of assemblage similarity with climatic distance were higher than that with spatial *** values of overall taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity and their turnover components increase with increasing elevational distance,while the standardized values of taxonomic and phylogenetic nestedness decreased with increasing elevational *** results highlighted the niche-based deterministic processes in shaping elevational bird diversity patterns that were determined by the relative roles of decreasing trend of environmental filtering and increasing trend of limiting similarity along elevation distances.

关键词： Beta diversity Bird Community assembly Functional trait Himalaya Nestedenss Phylogenetic distance Turnover

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Transfer relation between subgrade frost heave and slab track deformation and vehicle dynamic response in seasonally frozen ground

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第2期25卷 130-146页

作者： Juanjuan rEN Junhong DU Kaiyao ZHANg Bin YAN Jincheng TIAN MOE key Laboratory of High-speed railway Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China School of Civil Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410075China Airport Planning and Design Institute POWERCHINA Kunming Engineering Corporation LimitedKunming650051China

Subgrade frost heave in seasonally frozen ground can greatly influence the safety and smooth running of high-speed trains and the service performance of track *** this study,we used a static model to:(1)investigate track-subgrade frost heave and develop a dynamic model of vehicle-track-subgrade frost heave;(2)explore the transfer relation between subgrade frost heave and track structure deformation;(3)examine the characteristics of interlayer debonding;(4)study the influence of subgrade frost heave on the dynamic response of vehicles in high-speed railways in seasonally frozen regions.A Fourier series was used to fit the frost heave waveform and simulate the behavior of subgrade uneven frost heave using data collected *** results show:(i)The position of frost heave significantly affects the transfer of deformation to a slab *** largest deformation of the track slab,with the amplitude transfer ratio reaching 20%,was recorded when the frost heave occurred near the joint of the base plate.(ii)At the same frost heave amplitude,long-wave frost heave causes smaller deformation and debonding of the track structure than short-wave frost *** the wavelength range of 10-30 m,the main frequency of the acceleration spectral density was concentrated between 3.5 and 3.7 Hz,with larger frost heave wavelengths producing smaller superposition on the vertical acceleration of the vehicle.(ii)The maximum wheel-rail force occurs when the front bogie passes the frost heave peak,with greater frost heave amplitudes producing greater wheel-rail *** these results,we conclude there is a clear need to control the frost heave deformation of the track to reduce the dynamic response of the vehicle and in turn improve train operatSubgrade frost heave in seasonally frozen ground can greatly influence the safety and smooth running of high-speed trains and the service performance of track *** this study,we used a static model to:(1)investigate track`-subgr

关键词： Slab track Subgrade frost heave Transfer relation Vehicle-track-subgrade coupling Dynamic response

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ghWrKY75 positively regulates ghPr6-5b via binding to a W-box TTgAC(C/T)to orchestrate cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第10期23卷 3343-3357页

作者： Qichao Chai Meina Zheng Yanli Li Mingwei gao Yongcui Wang Xiuli Wang Chao Zhang Hui Jiang Ying Chen Jiabao Wang Junsheng Zhao Institute of Industrial Crops Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan 250100China College of Life Sciences Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China

Verticillium dahliae is an important fungal pathogen affecting cotton yield and ***,the mining of ***-resistance genes is urgently *** and protease inhibitors play crucial roles in plant defense ***,the functions and regulatory mechanisms of the protease inhibitor Pr6 gene family remain largely *** study provides a comprehensive analysis of the Pr6 gene family in the cotton *** performed genome-wide identification and functional characterization of the cotton ghPr6 gene family,which belongs to the potato protease inhibitor I family of ***-nine Pr6s were identified in gossypium arboreum,***,***,and ***,and they were clustered into four *** on the analysis of pathogen-induced and ghlmm transcriptome data,gh Pr6-5b was identified as the key gene for *** ***-induced gene silencing experiments revealed that cotton was more sensitive to *** V991after Pr6-5b *** present study established that ghWrKY75 plays an important role in resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton by positively regulating ghPr6-5b expression by directly binding to the W-box TTgAC(T/C).Our findings established that ghWrKY75 is a potential candidate for improving cotton resistance to ***,and provide primary information for further investigations and the development of specific strategies to bolster the defense mechanisms of cotton against ***.

关键词： cotton proteinase inhibitors WrKY transcription factor Verticillium wilt

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Mechanism of plant-soil feedback in a degraded alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第2期17卷 188-199页

作者： Tiancai Zhou Jian Sun Peili Shi key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ministry of EducationLhasa 850011China Tibet research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences Lhasa 850000China College of resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Although biotic and abiotic factors have been confirmed to be critical factors that affect community dynamics,their interactive effects have yet to be fully considered in grassland ***,we tested how soil nutrients and microbes regulated plant-soil feedback(PSF)in a degraded alpine *** results indicated that soil total carbon(STC;from 17.66 to 12.55 g/kg)and total nitrogen(STN;from 3.16 to 2.74 g/kg)exhibited significant(Prease from non-degraded(ND)to severely degraded(SD).Despite higher nutrients in ND soil generating significantly(Pgrowth when the soil was sterilized,a high proportion of pathogens(36%)in ND non-sterilized soil resulted in a strong negative PSF on *** contrast,the higher phenotypic plasticity of dicots coupled with a higher abundance of mutualists and saprophytes(70%)strongly promoted their survival and growth in SD with infertile *** findings identified a novel mechanism that there was a functional group shift from monocots with higher vulnerability to soil pathogens in the ND fertile soil to dicots with higher dependence on nutritional mutualists in the degraded infertile *** emerging irreversible eco-evolutionary in PSF after degradation might cause a predicament for the restoration of degraded grassland.

关键词： plant-soil feedback plant function groups degradation alpine grassland Tibetan Plateau

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