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＂Fluidic Diode＂ for Passive Unidirectional Liquid Transport Bioinspired by the Spermathecae of Fleas

Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第1期15卷 42-56页

作者： Gerda Buchberger Alexander Kogler Agnes Weth Richard Baumgartner Philipp Comanns Siegfried Bauer Werner Baumgartner Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Str. 69 A-4040 Linz Austria institute of Experimental Physics Department of Soft Matter Physics Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Str. 69 A-4040 Linz Austria Institute of Biology II RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 D-52074 Aachen Germany

We present a device for passive unidirectional liquid transport. The capillary channels used are bioinspired by the shape of the spermathecae （receptaculum seminis） of rabbit fleas （Spilopsyllus cuniculi） and rat fleas （Xenopsytla cheopis）. The spermatheca is an organ of female fleas that stores sperm until suitable conditions to lay eggs are found. We translated and multiplied the natural form and function of a spermatheca to create a continuous capillary system from which we designed our microfluidic device based directly on the model from nature. Applying the Young-Laplace equation, we derived a theoretical description of local liquid transport, which enables model-guided design. We arranged the bioinspired capillaries in parallel and engraved them in poly（methyl methacrylate）（PMMA） plates by CO2 laser ablation. The fabricated structures transport soapy water passively （i.e., without external energy input） in the forward direction at velocities of about 1 mm＇s i while halting the liquid fronts completely in the backward direction. The bio- inspired capillary channels are capable of unidirectional liquid transport against gravity. Distance and velocity measurements prove the feasibility of the concept. Unidirectional passive liquid transport might be advantageous in technical surfaces for liquid man- agement, for instance, in biomedical microfluidics, lab-on-chip, lubrication, electronics cooling and in micro-analysis devices.

关键词： liquid diode wetting passive unidirectional liquid transport capillary bioinspired

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Innovative Analysis Ready Data(ARD)product and process requirements,software system design,algorithms and implementation at the midstream as necessary-but-notsuffcient precondition of the downstream in a new notion of Space Economy 4.0-Part 1:Problem background in Artificial General Intelligence(AGI)

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Big Earth Data 2023年第3期7卷 455-693页

作者： Andrea Baraldi Luca D.Sapia Dirk Tiede Martin Sudmanns Hannah L.Augustin Stefan Lang Spatial Services GmbH SalzburgAustria CGI Italy FrascatiItaly Department of Geoinformatics-Z_GIS University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria

Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this two-part paper identifies an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory imagederived semantics-enriched Analysis Ready Data(ARD)productpair and process gold standard as linchpin for success of a new notion of Space Economy *** be implemented in operational mode at the space segment and/or midstream segment by both public and private EO big data providers,it is regarded as necessarybut-not-sufficient“horizontal”(enabling)precondition for:(I)Transforming existing EO big raster-based data cubes at the midstream segment,typically affected by the so-called data-rich information-poor syndrome,into a new generation of semanticsenabled EO big raster-based numerical data and vector-based categorical(symbolic,semi-symbolic or subsymbolic)information cube management systems,eligible for semantic content-based image retrieval and semantics-enabled information/knowledge discovery.(II)Boosting the downstream segment in the development of an ever-increasing ensemble of“vertical”(deep and narrow,user-specific and domain-dependent)value–adding information products and services,suitable for a potentially huge worldwide market of institutional and private end-users of space *** the sake of readability,this paper consists of two *** the present Part 1,first,background notions in the remote sensing metascience domain are critically revised for harmonization across the multidisciplinary domain of cognitive *** short,keyword“information”is disambiguated into the two complementary notions of quantitative/unequivocal information-as-thing and qualitative/equivocal/inherently ill-posed ***,buzzword“artificial intelligence”is disambiguated into the two better-constrained notions of Artificial Narrow Intelligence as part-without-inheritance-of ***,based on a betterdefined and better-understood vocabulary of multid

关键词： Artificial Narrow Intelligence big data cognitive science computer vision Earth observation essential climate variables Global Earth Observation System of(component)Systems inductive/deductive/hybrid inference Scene Classification Map Space Economy 4.0 radiometric corrections of optical imagery from atmospheric,topographic,adjacency and bidirectional reflectance distribution function effects semantic content-based image retrieval 2D spatial topology-preserving/retinotopic image mapping world ontology(synonym for conceptual/mental/perceptual model of the world)

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Hot cracking susceptibility of AlSi7MgCu alloys and effects of alloying elements magnesium and copper

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China Foundry 2013年第4期10卷 248-253页

作者： Thomas Pabel Salar Bozorgi Christian Kneissl Katharina Faerber Peter Schumacher austrian Foundry research Institute Chair of Casting research Metallurgy DepartmentUniversity of Leoben LKR Leichtmetallkompetenzzentrum Ranshofen GmbH Pankl Racing Systems AG

Hot cracking during solidification can be a serious problem in aluminium casting alloys under certain *** feature is well known,but still insuffi ciently investigated in shape *** study gives a brief overview of the factors inf luencing hot cracking during shape *** different AlSi7MgCu alloys with varying Mg and Cu contents were *** models,including the cracking susceptibility coeffi cient(CSC)from Clyne and Davies,were *** calculations(terminal freezing range,TFR)of the behavior of the solid fraction during solidif ication were compared to an experimentbased hot cracking indexing(HCI)*** electron microscopy(SEM)was used to compare the existing microstructure and precipitated thermodynamic phases using the software ThermoCalc Classic(TCC).Furthermore,SEM was used to investigate crack surfaces initiated by a dog-bone shaped mold during casting.A good correlation between theoretical models and the experimental hot cracking index method was observed.

关键词： hot cracking susceptibility terminal freezing range cracking susceptibility coefficient hot cracking index

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Techno-economic assessment of providing control energy reserves with a biogas plant

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 763-771页

作者： Ervin Saracevic David Woess Franz Theuretzbacher Anton Friedl Angela Miltner Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU Wien1060 ViennaAustria University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences 1180 ViennaAustria University of Applied Sciences 2700Wiener NeustadtAustria

Grid stability is being challenged by the increasing integration of power plants with volatile power generation into the energy system. Power supply fluctuations must be compensated by energy system flexibility. The storability of the energy carrier enables biogas plants to generate power flexibly. In this study, the technical and economic effects of providing positive secondary control energy reserves with an austrian biogas plant were assessed. The plant’s main focus lies in biomethane production with the option of heat and power generation through combined heat and power (CHP) units. A detailed simulation model of the investigated biogas plant was developed, which is presented in this work. Ex-post simulations of one year of flexible plant operation were conducted with this model. The findings show that the installed biogas storage capacity is sufficient to provide control energy reserves while simultaneously producing biomethane. Profitability of providing control energy reserves largely depends on the prices at the control energy market and on CHP unit start-up costs. A cost efficiency analysis demonstrated that investing in a hot water tank with a volume of 5 m3 for short-term heat storage turned out to be economically viable.

关键词： biogas plant process simulation control energy reserves economic assessment gas storage

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Properties of Different Chemically Treated Woven Hemp Fabric Reinforced Bio-Composites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第6期10卷 1505-1516页

作者： Arunjunai Raj Mahendran Günter Wuzella Stefan Pichler Herfried Lammer Wood K Plus-Competence Center for Wood Composites and Wood Chemistry LinzA-4040Austria

The objective of this work is to carry out the chemical treatment for the hemp fabrics in a closed vacuum system and to prepare bio-based composites using treated hemp *** change in surface tension of the treated fabrics was measured using contact angle measurement and the wetting behavior using a ***-based composites were fabricated using bio-based epoxy resin and different chemically treated *** flexural strength and dynamic water absorption behavior of the composites were *** acetylated fabrics showed very good wetting behavior,and the contact angle values were marginally low compared to other treatment *** bio-based composites fabricated using maleic anhydride treated fabrics achieved the flexural strength of 148 MPa and the dynamic water absorption values were less than 6%.The acetylated and maleic anhydride treatment methods were effective chemical treatments for the hemp fabrics and they enhanced both the wettability and fiber-matrix *** chemical treatment methods that are carried out in the sealed environment can be utilized for all other natural fabrics that help overcome the moisture absorption behavior.

关键词： Bio-based composites natural fiber chemical treatment mechanical properties

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An improved predictive-corrective incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for fluid flow modelling

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2019年第4期31卷 654-668页

作者： Chong Peng Christoph Bauinger Kamil Szewc Wei Wu Hui Cao ESS Engineering Software Steyr GmbH Berggasse 35 4400 Steyr Austria Institut Jur Geotechnik Universitat jur Bodenkultur Feistmantelstrasse 4 1180 Vienna Austria

Predictive-corrective incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (PCISPH) is an efficient SPH variation originally developed for computer graphics. Its application in modeling physics-focused fluid flows has not yet been reported. In this work, an improved PCISPH method is presented for physics-focused fluid flow modeling. Different from traditional weakly-compressible SPH (WCSPH) and incompressible SPH (ISPH), PCISPH satisfies the incompressibility requirement at the particle level without a predefined equation of state. The pressure is obtained using an iterative predictive-corrective scheme at each individual particle. The presented PCISPH allows much larger time steps compared with WCSPH. It also avoids the time-consuming solution of Pressure Poisson Equation (PPE) in ISPH. Consequently, the PCISPH has high computational efficiency even with millions of computational particles. To ensure physically correct modeling of fluid flows, we employ several techniques to enhance the accuracy and stability of the PCISPH:(1) the continuity equation is used to predict density, replacing the mass summation approach used in the original PCISPH,(2) numerical diffusion and pressure smoothing are introduced to improve the pressure computation,(3) a generalized boundary treatment approach which can handle arbitrarily complex geometries is employed,(4) an adaptive time-stepping algorithm is used, allowing efficient simulation as well as ensuring stability. The performance of the improved PCISPH is systematically investigated using three standard SPH validation cases. Comparisons between the improved PCISPH and the state-of-the-art 5 - SPH are presented. It is found that the improved PCISPH gives numerical results as accurate as J - SPH, except for having moderate temporal pressure oscillations. However, the numerical results show that the improved PCISPH is approximately five times faster than 8 -SPH. The improved PCISPH method shows to be a promising tool for large-scale thre

关键词： Smoothed particle hydrodynamics incompressibility predictive-corrective scheme high efficiency

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FSpot:Fast and Efficient Video Encoding Workloads Over Amazon Spot Instances

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 5677-5697页

作者： Anatoliy Zabrovskiy Prateek Agrawal Vladislav Kashansky Roland Kersche Christian Timmerer Radu Prodan University of Klagenfurt Klagenfurt9020Austria Lovely Professional University Phagwara144411India Petrozavodsk State University Petrozavodsk185035Russia Bitmovin Klagenfurt9020Austria

HTTP Adaptive Streaming(HAS)of video content is becoming an undivided part of the Internet and accounts for most of today’s network *** compression technology plays a vital role in efficiently utilizing network channels,but encoding videos into multiple representations with selected encoding parameters is a significant ***,video encoding is a computationally intensive and time-consuming operation that requires high-performance resources provided by on-premise infrastructures or public *** turn,the public clouds,such as Amazon elastic compute cloud(EC2),provide hundreds of computing instances optimized for different purposes and clients’***,there is a need for algorithms and methods for optimized computing instance selection for specific tasks such as video encoding and transcoding ***,the encoding speed directly depends on the selected encoding parameters and the complexity characteristics of video *** this paper,we first benchmarked the video encoding performance of Amazon EC2 spot instances using multiple×264 codec encoding parameters and video sequences of varying ***,we proposed a novel fast approach to optimize Amazon EC2 spot instances and minimize video encoding ***,we evaluated how the optimized selection of EC2 spot instances can affect the encoding *** results show that our approach,on average,can reduce the encoding costs by at least 15.8%and up to 47.8%when compared to a random selection of EC2 spot instances.

关键词： EC2 spot instance encoding time prediction adaptive streaming video transcoding clustering HTTP adaptive streaming MPEG-DASH cloud computing optimization Pareto front

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Integrating Smart Building Energy Data into Smart Grid Applications in the Intelligent Secondary Substations

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2018年第4期16卷 291-303页

作者： Stephan Cejka Konrad Diwold Albin Frischenschlager Philipp Lehninger Simens AG Austria Vienna1210Austria Vienna University of Technology Vienna1040Austria University of Vienna Vienna 1010 Austria

Automation has arrived in the low voltage grid domain. In the next few years, the secondary substation—at the barriers of medium and low voltage grids—will thus be upgraded to enable novel functions. In this paper, we present various smart grid applications running on such intelligent secondary substations(iSSN) including their interaction with each other. We integrate energy consumption and production data, as well as forecasts, sensed from the smart buildings’ energy management systems(BEMSs) into the operation of the low voltage grid. A suitable framework for those modular applications includes features to initiate their installation, update, removal, the remote operator site, and not requiring staff on-site for such typical reappearing maintenance tasks.

关键词： Asynchronous communications distributed information systems energy management messageoriented middleware publish-subscribe smart grids

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F）remature melt solidification during mold filling and its nfluence on the as-cast structure

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2018年第1期13卷 53-65页

作者： M. WU M. AHMADEIN A. LUDWIG Chair for Simulation and Modeling of Metallurgical Processes University of Leoben Leoben A-8700 Austria Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Process Simulation ofSolidification and Melting Department of Metallurgy University ofLeoben Leoben A-8700 Austria Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department Faculty ofEngineering Tanta University Tanta 31111 Egypt

Premature melt solidification is the solidifica- tion of a melt during mold filling. In this study, a numerical model is used to analyze the influence of the pouring process on the premature solidification. The numerical model considers three phases, namely, air, melt, and equiaxed crystals. The crystals are assumed to have originated from the heterogeneous nucleation in the undercooled melt resulting from the first contact of the melt with the cold mold during pouring. The transport of the crystals by the melt flow, in accordance with the so- called ＂big bang＂ theory, is considered. The crystals are assumed globular in morphology and capable of growing according to the local constitutional undercooling. These crystals can also be remelted by mixing with the super- heated melt. As the modeling results, the evolutionary trends of the number density of the crystals and the volume fraction of the solid crystals in the melt during pouring are presented. The calculated number density of the crystals and the volume fraction of the solid crystals in the melt at the end of pouring are used as the initial conditions for the subsequent solidification simulation of the evolution of the as-cast structure. A five-phase volume-average model for mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification is used for the solidification simulation. An improved agreement between the simulation and experimental results is achieved by considering the effect of premature melt solidification during mold filling. Finally, the influences of pouring parameters, namely, pouring temperature, initial mold temperature, and pouring rate, on the premature melt solidification are discussed.

关键词： premature solidification mold filling as-caststructure modeling

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Role of fragmentation in as-cast structure:numerical study and experimental validation

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China Foundry 2017年第5期14卷 321-326页

作者： Yong-jian Zheng Meng-huai Wu A.Kharicha A.Ludwig Chair of Simulation and Modelling of Metallurgical Processes Montanuniversitaet Leoben Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Process Simulation of Solidification and Melting Department of Metallurgy University of Leoben

A volume average solidification model is extended to incorporate fragmentation as the source of equiaxed crystals during mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification. This study is to use this model to analyze the role of fragmentation in the formation of as-cast structure. Test simulations are made for the solidification of a model alloy(Sn-10wt.%Pb) with two different geometries. The first one is a 2D rectangular domain(50 × 60 mm^2) as cooled from the top boundary. Solidification starts unidirectionally as columnar structure from the top. The solute(Pb) enriched interdendritic melt is heavier than the bulk melt, and sinks downwards, hence leads to solutal convection. Fragmentation phenomenon occurs near the columnar tip front. The fragments are transported out of the columnar region, and they continue to grow and sink, and finally settle down and pile up at the bottom. The growing columnar structure from the top and pile-up of equiaxed crystals from the bottom finally lead to a mixed columnar-equiaxed structure, in turn leading to a columnar-to-equiaxed transition(CET). The second geometry is a 3D plate, 100 × 60 ×10 mm^3, as cooled laterally from one side. It was cast experimentally and analyzed for the as-cast structure. The equiaxed fragments are produced in the solidification front and transported into the bulk melt, leading to a special pattern of as-cast structure: columnar structure in the cool wall side and equiaxed structure in the upper left corner near the hot wall side, extending downwards to the middle bottom region. Numerically calculated as-cast structures agree with the experiment results.

关键词： macrostructure interdendritic fluid flow fragmentation

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