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Hybrid-Vlasov simulation of soft X-ray emissions at the Earth’s dayside magnetospheric boundaries

Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 70-88页

作者： M.Grandin H.K.Connor S.Hoilijoki M.Battarbee Y.Pfau-Kempf U.Ganse K.Papadakis M.Palmroth Department of Physics University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771USA Space and Earth Observation Centre Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland

Solar wind charge exchange produces emissions in the soft X-ray energy range which can enable the study of near-Earth space regions such as the magnetopause,the magnetosheath and the polar cusps by remote sensing *** Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)and Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)missions aim to obtain soft Xray images of near-Earth space thanks to their Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)*** earlier modeling works have already simulated soft X-ray images as might be obtained by SMILE SXI during its mission,the numerical models used so far are all based on the magnetohydrodynamics description of the space *** investigate the possible signatures of ion-kinetic-scale processes in soft Xray images,we use for the first time a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation of the geospace from the Vlasiator *** simulation is driven by fast and tenuous solar wind conditions and purely southward interplanetary magnetic *** first produce global X-ray images of the dayside near-Earth space by placing a virtual imaging satellite at two different locations,providing meridional and equatorial *** then analyze regional features present in the images and show that they correspond to signatures in soft X-ray emissions of mirrormode wave structures in the magnetosheath and flux transfer events(FTEs)at the *** results suggest that,although the time scales associated with the motion of those transient phenomena will likely be significantly smaller than the integration time of the SMILE and LEXI imagers,mirror-mode structures and FTEs can cumulatively produce detectable signatures in the soft X-ray *** instance,a local increase by 30%in the proton density at the dayside magnetopause resulting from the transit of multiple FTEs leads to a 12%enhancement in the line-of-sight-and time-integrated soft X-ray emissivity originating from this ***,a proton density increase by 14%in the magnetosheath

关键词： magnetosphere magnetosheath numerical simulation SMILE LEXI soft X-ray emissions hybrid-Vlasov model polar cusp flux transfer events mirror-mode waves

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Tensor Tomography: Progress and Challenges

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2014年第3期35卷 399-428页

作者： Gabriel P. PATERNAIN Mikko SALO Gunther UHLMANN Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics University of Cambridge Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Jyvskyl Department of Mathematics University of Washington and University of HelsinkiBox 354350 Seattle Washington 98195-4350 USA

The authors survey recent progress in the problem of recovering a tensor field from its integrals along geodesics. Several open problems are also proposed.

关键词： Inverse problem Integral geometry Tensor tomography

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The importance of trans-generational effects in Lepidoptera

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 489-499页

作者： Luisa WOESTMANN Marjo SAASTAMOINEN Metapopulation Research Centre Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki Finland

The importance of trans-generational effects in shaping an individuals＇ phenotype and fitness, and consequently even impacting population dynamics is increasingly apparent. Most of the research on trans-generational effects still focuses on plants, mammals, and birds. In the past few years, however, increasing number of studies, especially on maternal effects, have highlighted their im- portance also in many insect systems. Lepidoptera, specifically butterflies, have been used as model systems for studying the role of phenotypic plasticity within generations. As ectotherms, they are highly sensitive to environmental variation, and indeed many butterflies show adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental conditions. Here, we synthesize what is known about trans-generational effects in Lepidoptera, compile evidence for different environmental cues that are important drivers of trans-generational effects, and point out which offspring traits are mainly impacted. Finally, we emphasize directions for future research that are needed for better understanding of the adaptive nature of trans-generational effects in Lepidoptera in particular, but potentially also in other organisms.

关键词： butterfly maternal effect moth offspring quality paternal effect plasticity.

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The Linearized Calderón Problem on Complex Manifolds

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2019年第6期35卷 1043-1056页

作者： Colin GUILLARMOU Mikko SALO Leo TZOU Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay Université Paris-Sud CNRS Université Paris-Saclay Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Jyv?skyl? School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sydney

In this note we show that on any compact subdomain of a K?hler manifold that admits sufficiently many global holomorphic functions, the products of harmonic functions form a complete set. This gives a positive answer to the linearized anisotropic Calderón problem on a class of complex manifolds that includes compact subdomains of Stein manifolds and sufficiently small subdomains of K?hler manifolds. Some of these manifolds do not admit limiting Carleman weights, and thus cannot be treated by standard methods for the Calderón problem in higher dimensions. The argument is based on constructing Morse holomorphic functions with approximately prescribed critical points. This extends earlier results from the case of Riemann surfaces to higher dimensional complex manifolds.

关键词： Inverse problem Calderón problem complex manifold

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Dense matter with eXTP

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第2期62卷 28-44页

作者： Anna L.Watts WenFei Yu Juri Poutanen Shu Zhang Sudip Bhattacharyya Slavko Bogdanov Long Ji Alessandro Patruno Thomas E.Riley Pavel Bakala Altan Baykal Federico Bernardini Ignazio Bombaci Edward Brown Yuri Cavecchi Deepto Chakrabarty Jér?me Chenevez Nathalie Degenaar Melania Del Santo Tiziana Di Salvo Victor Doroshenko Maurizio Falanga Robert D.Ferdman Marco Feroci Angelo F.Gambino MingYu Ge Svenja K.Greif Sebastien Guillot Can Gungor Dieter H.Hartmann Kai Hebeler Alexander Heger Jeroen Homan Rosario Iaria Jean in 't Zand Oleg Kargaltsev Aleksi KurkelaTheoretical Physics Department CERN XiaoYu Lai Ang Li XiangDong Li ZhaoSheng Li Manuel Linares FangJun Lu Simin Mahmoodifar Mariano Méndez M.Coleman Miller Sharon Morsink Joonas N?ttil? Andrea Possenti Chanda Prescod-Weinstein JinLu Qu Alessandro Riggio Tuomo Salmi Andrea Sanna Andrea Santangelo Hendrik Schatz Achim Schwenk LiMing Song Eva?rámková Benjamin Stappers Holger Stiele Tod Strohmayer Ingo Tews Laura Tolos Gabriel T?r?k David Tsang Martin Urbanec Andrea Vacchi RenXin Xu YuPeng Xu Silvia Zane GuoBao Zhang ShuangNan Zhang WenDa Zhang ShiJie Zheng Xia Zhou Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy University of Amsterdam Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Tuorla Observatory Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku Nordita KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Columbia University Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Tübingen Universit?t Tübingen Leiden Observatory Leiden University Research Center for Computational Physics and Data Processing Silesian University in Opava Physics Department Middle East Technical University INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma New York University Abu Dhabi Dipartimento di Fisica Enrico Fermi University of Pisa INFN Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University Mathematical Sciences and STAG Research Centre University of Southampton MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research DTU Space Technical University of Denmark INAF/IASF Palermo via Ugo La Malfa 153 Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Faculty of Science University of East Anglia INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologie Spaziali Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universit?t Darmstadt ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Instituto de Astrof'?sica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Department of Physics & Astronomy Kinard Lab of Physics Clemson University School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Department of Physics The George Washington University Faculty of Science and Technology University of Stavanger School of Physics and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Hubei University of Education Department of Astronomy Xiamen University (Haiyun Campus) School of Astronomy and Space

In this White Paper we present the potential of the Enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for determining the nature of dense matter; neutron star cores host an extreme density regime which cannot be replicated in a terrestrial laboratory. The tightest statistical constraints on the dense matter equation of state will come from pulse profile modelling of accretion-powered pulsars, burst oscillation sources, and rotation-powered pulsars. Additional constraints will derive from spin measurements, burst spectra, and properties of the accretion flows in the vicinity of the neutron star. Under development by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese academy of Sciences, the eXTP mission is expected to be launched in the mid 2020 s.

关键词： neutron X-rays dense matter equation of state

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SynergyFinder Plus:Toward Better Interpretation and Annotation of Drug Combination Screening Datasets

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第3期20卷 587-596页

作者： Shuyu Zheng Wenyu Wang Jehad Aldahdooh Alina Malyutina Tolou Shadbahr Ziaurrehman Tanoli Alberto Pessia Jing Tang Research Program in Systems Oncology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki 00290Finland

Combinatorial therapies have been recently proposed to improve the efficacy of anticancer treatment. The Synergy Finder R package is a software used to analyze pre-clinical drug combination datasets. Here, we report the major updates to the Synergy Finder R package for improved interpretation and annotation of drug combination screening results. Unlike the existing implementations, the updated Synergy Finder R package includes five main innovations. 1) We extend the mathematical models to higher-order drug combination data analysis and implement dimension reduction techniques for visualizing the synergy landscape. 2) We provide a statistical analysis of drug combination synergy and sensitivity with confidence intervals and P values. 3)We incorporate a synergy barometer to harmonize multiple synergy scoring methods to provide a consensus metric for synergy. 4) We evaluate drug combination synergy and sensitivity to provide an unbiased interpretation of the clinical potential. 5) We enable fast annotation of drugs and cell lines, including their chemical and target information. These annotations will improve the interpretation of the mechanisms of action of drug combinations. To facilitate the use of the R package within the drug discovery community, we also provide a web server at www.s *** as a user-friendly interface to enable a more fexible and versatile analysis of drug combination data.

关键词： SynergyFinder Drug combination Synergy modeling Drug discovery Drug combination sensitivity analysis

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Suspended superconducting weak links from aerosol-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2020年第12期13卷 3433-3438页

作者： Jukka-Pekka Kaikkonen Abhilash Thanniyil Sebastian Patrik Laiho Nan Wei Marco Will Yongping Liao Esko I.Kauppinen Pertti J.Hakonen Low Temperature Laboratory Department of Applied PhysicsSchool of ScienceAalto UniversityPO Box 15100FI-00076AaltoFinland QTF Centre of Excellence Department of Applied PhysicsSchool of ScienceAalto UniversityP.O.Box 15100FI-00076AaltoFinland Department of Applied Physics School of ScienceAalto UniversityP.O.Box 11100FI-00076AaltoFinland

We report a new scheme for fabrication of clean,suspended superconducting weak links from pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT).The SWCNTs were grown using the floating-catalyst chemical vapour deposition(FC-CVD)and directly deposited on top of prefabricated superconducting molybdenum-rhenium(MoRe)electrodes by thermophoresis at nearly ambient *** contacts to SWCNTs were obtained by vacuum-annealing the devices at 900℃,which enabled proximity-induced supercurrents up to 53 *** weak links fabricated on MoRe/palladium bilayer sustained supercurrents up to 0.4 nA after annealing at relatively low temperature of 220℃.The fabrication process does neither expose SWCNTs to lithographic chemicals,nor the contact electrodes to the harsh conditions of in situ CVD *** scheme facilitates new experimental possibilities for hybrid superconducting devices.

关键词： carbon nanotube Josephson junction floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition thermophoresis electrical transport

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Bayesian inference of atomistic structure in functional materials

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 836-842页

作者： Milica Todorović Michael U.Gutmann Jukka Corander Patrick Rinke Department of Applied Physics Aalto UniversityP.O.Box 11100Aalto FI-00076Finland School of Informatics University of Edinburgh10 Crichton StreetEdinburgh EH89ABUK Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of OsloSognsvannsveien 90372 OsloNorway Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of HelsinkiP.O.Box 68Helsinki FI-00014Finland

Tailoring the functional properties of advanced organic/inorganic heterogeneous devices to their intended technological applications requires knowledge and control of the microscopic structure inside the *** quantum mechanical simulation methods deliver accurate energies and properties for individual configurations,however,finding the most favourable configurations remains computationally *** propose a‘building block’-based Bayesian Optimisation Structure Search(BOSS)approach for addressing extended organic/inorganic interface problems and demonstrate its feasibility in a molecular surface adsorption *** BOSS,a Bayesian model identifies material energy landscapes in an accelerated fashion from atomistic configurations sampled during active *** allowed us to identify several most favourable molecular adsorption configurations for C_(60) on the(101)surface of TiO_(2) anatase and clarify the key molecule-surface interactions governing structural *** structures were in good agreement with detailed experimental images of this surface adsorbate,demonstrating good predictive power of BOSS and opening the route towards large-scale surface adsorption studies of molecular aggregates and films.

关键词： adsorption functional inorganic

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Observatory science with eXTP

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第2期62卷 97-138页

作者： Jean J.M.in 't Zand Enrico Bozzo JinLu Qu Xiang-Dong Li Lorenzo Amati Yang Chen Immacolata Donnarumma Victor Doroshenko Stephen A.Drake Margarita Hernanz Peter A.Jenke Thomas J.Maccarone Simin Mahmoodifar Domitilla de Martino Alessandra De Rosa Elena M.Rossi Antonia Rowlinson Gloria Sala Giulia Stratta Thomas M.Tauris Joern Wilms XueFeng Wu Ping Zhou Iván Agudo Diego Altamirano Jean-Luc Atteia Nils A.andersson M.Cristina Baglio David R.Ballantyne Altan Baykal Ehud Behar Tomaso Belloni Sudip Bhattacharyya Stefano Bianchi Anna Bilous Pere Blay Joao Braga Sφren Brandt Edward F.Brown Niccolo Bucciantini Luciano Burderi Edward M.Cackett Riccardo Campana Sergio Campana Piergiorgio Casella Yuri Cavecchi Frank Chambers Liang Chen Yu-Peng Chen Jér?me Chenevez Maria Chernyakova ChiChuan Jin Riccardo Ciolfi Elisa Costantini Andrew Cumming Antonino D'Aì Zi-Gao Dai Filippo D'Ammando Massimiliano De Pasquale Nathalie Degenaar Melania Del Santo Valerio D'Elia Tiziana Di Salvo Gerry Doyle Maurizio Falanga XiLong Fan Robert D.Ferdman Marco Feroci Federico Fraschetti Duncan K.Galloway Angelo F.Gambino Poshak Gandhi MingYu Ge Bruce Gendre Ramandeep Gill Diego G?tz Christian Gouiffès Paola Grandi Jonathan Granot Manuel Güdel Alexander Heger Craig O.Heinke Jeroen Homan Rosario Iaria Kazushi Iwasawa Luca Izzo Long Ji Peter G.Jonker Jordi José Jelle S.Kaastra Emrah Kalemci Oleg Kargaltsev Nobuyuki Kawai Laurens Keek Stefanie Komossa Ingo Kreykenbohm Lucien Kuiper Devaky Kunneriath Gang Li En-Wei Liang Manuel Linares Francesco Longo FangJun Lu Alexander A.Lutovinov Denys Malyshev Julien Malzac Antonios Manousakis Ian McHardy Missagh Mehdipour YunPeng Men Mariano Méndez Roberto P.Mignani Romana Mikusincova M.Coleman Miller Giovanni Miniutti Christian Motch Joonas Nättilä Emanuele Nardini Torsten Neubert Paul T.O'Brien Mauro Orlandini Julian P.Osborne Luigi Pacciani Stéphane Paltani Maurizio Paolillo Iossif E.Papadakis Biswajit Paul Alberto Pellizzoni Uria Peretz Miguel A.Pérez Torres Emanuele Perinati Chanda Prescod-Weinstein Pablo Reig SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Department of Astronomy University of Geneva Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University INAF-IASF Bologna ASI Via del Politecnico snc INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologie Spaziali Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Tübingen Universit?t Tübingen NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ICREA&Institute of Space Sciences(IEEC-CSIC) Campus UABCarrer de Can Magrans CSPAR SPA University of Alabama in Huntsville Department of Physics Texas Tech University INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte Leiden Observatory Leiden University Anton Pannekoek Institute University of Amsterdam ASTRON Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC-IEEC) Universitádegli Studi di Urbino‘Carlo Bo’ Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Dr.Karl-Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics(ECAP) Friedrich Alexander Universit?t Erlangen-Nurnberg Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Instituto de Astrofysíca de Andalucia-CSIC Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton IRAP Universitéde ToulouseCNRSUPSCNES Mathematical Sciences and STAG Research Centre University of Southampton New York University Abu Dhabi Center for Relativistic Astrophysics School of PhysicsGeorgia Institute of Technology Physics Department Middle East Technical University Department of Physics Technion-Israel Institute of Technology INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica Universitàdegli Studi Roma Tre Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais-INPE National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark(DTU Space) Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Dipartimento di Fisica Universitádegli Studi di Cagliari Department of Physics and A

In this White Paper we present the potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for studies related to Observatory Science targets. These include flaring stars, supernova remnants, accreting white dwarfs, low and high mass X-ray binaries, radio quiet and radio loud active galactic nuclei, tidal disruption events, and gamma-ray bursts. eXTP will be excellently suited to study one common aspect of these objects: their often transient nature. Developed by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese academy of Science, the eXTP mission is expected to be launched in the mid 2020s.

关键词： space research in struments nuclear astrophysics flare stars accretion and accretion disks mass loss and stellar winds cataclysmic binaries X-ray binaries supernova remnants active galactic nuclei X-ray bursts gamma-ray bursts gravitational waves

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Intense atmospheric pollution modifies weather: a case of mixed biomass burning with fossil fuel combustion pollution in eastern China

Intense atmospheric pollution modifies weather: a case of mi...

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第八届全国优秀青年气象科技工作者学术研讨会

作者： A.J.Ding C.B.Fu X.Q.Yang J.N.Sun T.Petj V.-M.Kerminen T.Wang Y.Xie E.Herrmann L.F.Zheng W.Nie Q.Liu X.L.Wei M.Kulmala Institute for Climate and Global Change Research & School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Department of Physics University of Helsinki Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau

The influence of air pollutants, especially aerosols,on regional and global climate has been widely investigated,but only a very limited number of studies report their impacts on everyday weather. In this work, we present for the first time direct（observational） evidence of a clear effect of how a mixed atmospheric pollution changes the weather with a substantial modification in the air temperature and *** using comprehensive measurements in Nanjing, China,we found that mixed agricultural burning plumes with fossil fuel combustion pollution resulted in a decrease in the solar radiation intensity by more than 70 %, a decrease in the sensible heat by more than 85 %, a temperature drop by almost10 K, and a change in rainfall during both daytime and nighttime. Our results show clear air pollution–weather interactions, and quantify how air pollution affects weather via air pollution–boundary layer dynamics and aerosol–radiation–cloud feedbacks. This study highlights cross-disciplinary needs to investigate the environmental, weather and climate impacts of the mixed biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion sources in East China.

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