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Calcium-based polymers for suppression of soil acidification by improving acid-buffering capacity and inhibiting nitrification

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 138-149页

作者： Fei Kang Yunshan Meng Yanning Ge Yun Zhang Haixiang Gao Xueqin Ren Jie Wang Shuwen Hu Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Applied Chemistry China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Soil acidification is a major threat to agricultural sustainability in tropical and subtropical *** and environmentally friendly materials,such as calcium lignosulfonate(CaLS),calcium poly(aspartic acid)(PASP-Ca),and calcium polyγ-glutamic acid(γ-PGA-Ca),are known to effectively ameliorate soil ***,their effectiveness in inhibiting soil acidification has not been *** study aimed to evaluate the effect of CaLS,PASP-Ca,andγ-PGA-Ca on the resistance of soil toward acidification as directly and indirectly(i.e.,via nitrification)caused by the application of HNO_(3)and urea,*** comparison,Ca(OH)_(2)and lignin were used as the inorganic and organic controls,*** the materials,γ-PGA-Ca drove the substantial improvements in the pH buffering capacity(pHBC)of the soil and exhibited the greatest potential in inhibiting HNO_(3)-induced soil acidification via protonation of carboxyl,complexing with Al~(3+),and cation exchange *** acidification induced by urea,CaLS was the optimal one in inhibiting acidification and increasing exchangeable acidity during ***,the sharp reduction in the population sizes of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)and ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)confirmed the inhibition of nitrification via CaLS ***,compared to improving soil pHBC,CaLS may play a more important role in suppressing indirect ***,γ-PGA-Ca was superior to PASP-Ca and CaLS in enhancing the soil pHBC and the its resistance to acidification induced by HNO_(3) addition,whereas CaLS was the best at suppressing urea-driven soil acidification by inhibiting *** conclusion,these results provide a reference for inhibiting soil re-acidification in intensive agricultural systems.

关键词： Calcium-based polymer Soil acidification pH buffering capacity Nitrification inhibition

A comparative study on the alternating mesophilic and thermophilic two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第6期26卷 1274-1283页

作者： Jey-R Sabado Ventura Jehoon Lee Deokjin Jahng Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy Myongji University

An alternating mesophilic and thermophilic two stage anaerobic digestion （AD） process was conducted. The temperature of the acidogenic （A） and methanogenic （M） reactors was controlled as follows： System 1 （S1） mesophilic A-mesophilic M; （S2） mesophilic A-thermophilic M; and （S3） thermophilic A-mesophilic M. Initially, the AD reactor was acclimatized and inoculated with digester sludge. Food waste was added with the soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD） concentrations of 41.4-47.0 g/L and volatile fatty acids of 2.0-3.2 g/L. Based on the results, the highest total chemical oxygen demand removal （86.6%） was recorded in S2 while S3 exhibited the highest SCOD removal （96.6%）. Comparing S1 with S2, total solids removal increased by 0.5%;S3 on the other hand decreased by 0.1% as compared to S1. However, volatile solids （VS） removal in S1, S2, and S3 was 78.5%, 81.7%, and 79.2%, respectively. S2 also exhibited the highest CH4 content, yield, and production rate of 70.7%, 0.44 L CH4/g VSadded, and 1.23 L CH4/（***）, respectively. Bacterial community structure revealed that the richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance of S2 were high except for the archaeal community. The terminal restriction fragments dendrogram also revealed that the microbial community of the acidogenic and methanogenic reactors in S2 was distinct. Therefore, S2 was the best among the systems for the operation of two-stage AD of food waste in terms of CH4 production, nutrient removal, and microbial community structure.

关键词： community structure food waste methane production nutrient removal two-stage anaerobic digestion

The mechanism and heterogeneity of environmental regulations'impact on the technological progress of dairy farming

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2022年第10期21卷 3067-3081页

作者： LIU Hao PENG Hua LI Li-wang DONG Xiao-xia Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China

The study analyses the theoretical mechanism through which environmental regulation affects the dairy industry’s technological progress,with a particular focus on how the effect is conditional on farm *** the input–output data of dairy farms of different sizes from 2009 to 2019 in 10 chinese provinces/autonomous regions in China and the quantitative measurement index of environmental regulation,the study estimates environmental regulation’s heterogeneous influences on the dairy industry’s technological progress by dynamic panel data *** empirical results suggest that,first,environmental regulation has a U-type influence on the technological progress of dairy *** U-type influence means moving from pollution control’s high cost and low technology progress to the high profit and high innovation input generated by optimizing the breeding ***,the promotion of dairy farming technology depends on farm *** effect of environmental regulation on technological progress in moderately large-farms showed a U-type *** contrast,the effect in free-range and large-size dairy farms showed a linear and positive *** government should further strengthen environmental regulation based on advancing moderately large-farms in compliance with market mechanisms in the long *** attention should be paid to the forms of environmental regulation so that dairy cattle breeding technology can break through the inflection point of the“U”curve as soon as possible and ensure the significance of the rising *** the way,technical support should be provided for realizing environmental protection and economic growth.

关键词： environmental regulation technological progress dairy farming farm size system generalized method of moments estimation(SYS-GMM)

Tenebrio molitor Gram-negative-binding protein 3 (TmGNBP3)is essential for inducing downstream antifungal Tenecin 1 gene expression against infection with Beauveria bassiana JEF-007

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 969-977页

作者： Yi-Ting Yang Mi Rong Lee Se Jin Lee Sihyeon Kim Yu-Shin Nai Jae Su Kim Department of Agricultural Biology Chonbuk National UniversityKorea Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science National llan UniversityllanTaiwanChina plant Medical Research Center College of Agricultural and Life SciencesChonbuk National UniversityJenojuKorea

The Toll signaling pathway is responsible for defense against both Grampositive bacteria and ***-negative binding protein 3(GNBP3)has a strong affinity for the fungal cell wall component,β-1,3-glucan,which can activate the prophenoloxidase (proPO)cascade and induce the Toll signaling *** differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)is an intracellular adaptor protein involved in the Toll signaling *** this study,we monitored the response of 5 key genes (TmGNBP3,TmMyD88,and Tenecin 1,2, and 3)in the Toll pathway of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor immune system against the fungus Beauveria bassiana JEF-007 using ***3,Tenecin 1,and Tenecin 2 were significantly upregulated after fungal *** better understand the roles of the Toll signaling pathway in the mealworm immune system,TmGNBP3and TmMyD88 were knocked down by RNAi *** gene expression levels decreased at 2 d postknockdown and were dramatically reduced at 6 d post-dsRNA ***, mealworms were compromised by *** JEF-007at 6d post-dsRNA injection. Silencing of TmMyD88 and TmGNBP3 resulted in reduced resistance of tilde host to fun- gal ***,reducing TmGNBP3 levels obviously downregulated Tenecin 1 and Tenecin 2expression levels,whereas silencing TmMyD88 expression resulted in de- creased Tenecin 2 *** results indicate that TmGNBP3 is essential to induce downstream antifungal peptide Tenecin i expression against *** JEF-007.

关键词： Beauveria bassiana RNAi Tenebrio molitor TmGNBP3 TmMyD88

Effect of biochar application on rice,wheat,and corn seedlings in hydroponic culture

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 379-390页

作者： Yingjie Yin Jikai Li Sihang Zhu Qing Chen Chong Chen Yukui Rui Jianying Shang College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of Educationand Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100193China Agricultural Management Institute Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 102208China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and RemediationBeijing 100193China

In recent years,biochar has attracted considerable attention for soil quality improvement and carbon sequestration due to its unique physicochemical ***,the mechanism by which biochar application negatively affects the growth of crop seedlings has not been fully *** this study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of rice,wheat,and corn seedlings to biochar application(CK,0 g/L;BC1,0.5 g/L;and BC2,1.0 g/L).Compared with the CK treatment,the BC1 and BC2 treatments decreased the fresh shoot and root weights of rice and corn seedlings(P0.05).For the contents of nutrient elements in seedlings,both BC1 and BC2 treatments hindered the roots from absorbing Fe and Cu and increased the uptake of Ca and *** with the CK treatment,the translocation factor(TF)values of Ca,Mn,and Zn were significantly decreased especially in rice seedlings(35.3%-36.8%,68.7%-76.5%,and 29.8%-22.0%,respectively)under the BC1 and BC2 treatments,while only Mn was significantly decreased in wheat and corn seedlings(P<0.05).Transmission electron microscope(TEM)analysis of root cross-sections showed that nano-sized biochar particles(10~23 nm)were found in the root cells under BC2 treatment *** findings reveal that a large amount of biochar application can reduce nutrient absorption and translocation,and hinder rice,wheat,and corn seedlings,particularly rice seedling,in hydroponic system.

关键词： Biochar Toxicity Seedling growth Hydroponic cultivation

Environmental risk for application of ammonia-soda white mud in soils in China

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2020年第3期19卷 601-611页

作者： WANG Xiao-bin YAN Xiang LI Xiu-ying Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

In recent years,some reports,mainly from chinese research,show that there has been an increasing trend in the use of ammonia-soda residue(ASR)(or called ammonia-soda white mud) as a soil conditioner in *** to now,the studies on ASR have focused on its utilization for acid soil amendment in agriculture,but few studies have assessed its environmental *** contains pollutant elements such as mercury(Hg),cadmium(Cd),copper(Cu) and fluorine(F) and the purpose of this study was to review research on the environmental impacts of ASR application in *** obtained from 23 research reports indicate that the concentrations of Hg,Cd,Cu,F and Cl(0-170,0.01-2.8,4.5-200,2000-24700 and 1 600-188 000 mg kg^-1,respectively) in ASR may exceed the limits(≤0.5,≤0.3 and ≤50 mg kg^-1 for Hg,Cd and Cu,respectively) of chinese Risk Screening Values for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(GB 15618-2018 2018) or the refereed critical value(≤800 and ≤200 mg kg^-1 for F and Cl,respectively) based on chinese *** concentrations of the elements Hg,Cd,Cu,F and Cl in the leachate of ASR detected by the extraction tests also exceed the limits(Class IV-V) of the chinese Standard for Groundwater Quality(GB/T 14848-2017 2017).Based on the above results,it is suggested that ASR without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants should not be used for soil remediation or conditioning of farmlands,to ensure soil health,food safety and environmental quality.

关键词： environmental safety risk heavy metals industrial solid wastes ammonia-soda white mud ammonia-soda residue

Efficiency of a Grass Buffer Strip for Limiting Diuron Losses from an Uphill Vineyard Towards Surface and Subsurface Waters

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Pedosphere 2012年第4期22卷 580-592页

作者： J.-G. LACAS N. CARLUER M. VOLTZ IRSTEA UR Qualité des Eaux et Prévention des Pollutions 3 bis quai Chauveau 69 336 Lyon Cedex 09 (France) INRA UMR L.I.S.A.H. INRA-IRD-SupAgro 2 place Viala 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1 (France)

Grass buffer strips limit the transfer of pesticides from cultivated fields to rivers. These solutions are generally efficient at reducing polluted surface flows, mainly by infiltration of the soil, raising the question of the fate of the infiltrated pollutants. An environmental evaluation was conducted on the efficiency of a grass strip receiving diuron-contaminated water from an uphill vineyard in France. During two runoff events, the following measurements were taken: surface inflow and outflow with Venturi flumes, vertical percolated flow below the root layer (0-50 cm), and variations in water and solute content of the root layer. One runoff event occurred under natural rainfall conditions, while the other runoff event was artificially provoked with water doped by diuron and bromide. For the natural runoff event, representative of medium intensity events, 94% of the diuron was retained in the root layer, whereas 2% left the grass strip by surface runoff and 4% left the grass strip in the water percolating under the root zone. For the artificial event, representative of intense runoff events, more than half of the incoming diuron was retained by the grass strip, whereas 24% and 18% of it were transferred by surface runoff and percolation, respectively. These results showed that the capacity of the root layer to retain diuron was highly significant despite a large percolation flux. However, for large runoff events, surface and subsurface losses can still be considerable, up to 40% of the pesticide load entering the strip.

关键词： infiltration percolation pesticide sorption surface runoff

Environmental risks for application of iron and steel slags in soils in China: A review

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Pedosphere 2021年第1期31卷 28-42页

作者： Xiaobin WANG Xiuying LI Xiang YAN Cheng TU Zhaoguo YU Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Iron and steel slags are smelting wastes, mainly including blast furnace slag(BFS) and steel slag(SS) produced in the iron and steel industry. Utilization of iron and steel slags as resources for solving the problem of slag disposals has attracted much attention with increasing iron and steel smelting slags in China. Because the iron and steel slags contain calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), phosphorus(P), and silicon(Si), some have tried to use them as Si-and P-fertilizers, for producing Ca-Mg-P fertilizers, or as soil amendments in agriculture. However, in the iron metallurgical process, several pollutants in iron ores can inevitably transfer into iron and steel slags, resulting in the enrichment of pollutants both in BFS(mainly nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), mercury, zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), arsenic, lead, selenium, fluorine(F), and chlorine(Cl)) and in SS(mainly Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, F, and Cl), in which some of pollutants(especially Cr, Ni, F, and Cl) exceed the limits of environmental quality standards for soils and groundwater. The elements of manganese, barium,and vanadium in iron and steel slags are higher than the background values of soil environment. In order to ensure soil health, food safety, and environmental quality, it is suggested that those industrial solid wastes, such as iron and steel slags, without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants and with environmental safety risk, should not be allowed to use for soil remediation or conditioning directly in farmlands by solid waste disposal methods, to prevent pollutants from entering food chain and harming human health.

关键词： blast furnace slag environmental safety risk heavy metal industrial solid waste iron and steel industry soil pollution

Improvements of TKC Technology Accelerate Isolation of Transgene-Free CRISPR/Cas9-Edited Rice Plants

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Rice science 2019年第2期26卷 109-117,I0016,I0017页

作者： HE Yubing ZHU Min WANG Lihao WU Junhua WANG Qiaoyan WANG Rongchen ZHAO Yunde National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural University College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University College of Plant Science & Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Section of Cell and Developmental Biology University of California San Diego

Elimination of the CRISPR/Cas9 constructs in edited plants is a prerequisite for assessing genetic stability, conducting phenotypic characterization, and applying for commercialization of the plants. However, removal of the CRISPR/Cas9 transgenes by genetic segregation and by backcross is laborious and time consuming. We previously reported the development of the transgene killer CRISPR(TKC) technology that uses a pair of suicide genes to trigger self-elimination of the transgenes without compromising gene editing efficiency. The TKC technology enables isolation of transgene-free CRISPR-edited plants within a single generation, greatly accelerating crop improvements. Here, we presented two new TKC vectors that show great efficiency in both editing the target gene and in undergoing self-elimination of the transgenes. The new vectors replaced the CaMV35 S promoter used in our previous TKC vector with two rice promoters to drive one of the suicide genes, providing advantages over our previous TKC vector under certain conditions. The vectors reported here offered more options and flexibility to conduct gene editing experiments in rice.

关键词： genome editing suicide gene transgene killer CRISPR Cas9 transgene-free