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CRA-40/Atmosphere—The First-Generation Chinese Atmospheric Reanalysis(1979–2018):System Description and Performance Evaluation

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Journal of meteorological research 2023年第1期37卷 1-19页

作者： Zhiquan LIU Lipeng JIANG Chunxiang SHI Tao ZHANG Zijiang ZHOU Jie LIAO Shuang YAO Jingwei LIU Minyan WANG Huiying WANG Xiao LIANG Zhisen ZHANG Yan YAO Ting ZHU Zhe CHEN Wenhui XU Lijuan CAO Hui JIANG Kaixi HU National meteorological Information Centre China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081China National Center for Atmospheric research BoulderCO 80301USA CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Atmospheric reanalysis reproduces the past atmospheric conditions through assimilation of historical meteorological observations with fixed version of a numerical weather prediction(NWP)model and data assimilation(DA)*** is widely used in weather,climate,and even business-related research and *** paper reports the development of CMA’s first-generation global atmospheric reanalysis(RA)covering 1979–2018(CRA-40;CRA refers to CMA-RA).CRA-40 is produced by using the Global Spectral Model(GSM)/Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation(GSI)at a 6-h time interval and a TL574 spectral(34-km)resolution with the model top at 0.27 hPa.A large number of reprocessed satellite data and widely collected conventional observations were assimilated during the reanalyzing process,including the reprocessed atmospheric motion vector(AMV)products from FY-2C/D/E/G satellites,dense conventional observations(at about 120 radiosonde and 2400 synoptic stations)over china,as well as MWHS-2 and GNSS-RO observations from *** reanalysis fitting to observations is improved over time,especially for surface pressure with root-mean-square error reduced from 1.05 hPa in 1979 to 0.8 hPa,and for upper air temperature from 1.65 K in 1979 to 1.35 K,in *** patterns of global analysis increments for temperature,specific humidity,and zonal wind are consistent with the changes in the observing *** surface temperature from the model’s 6-h forecast reflects the global warming trend *** CRA-40 precipitation pattern matches well with those of GPCP and other ***-40 also successfully captures the QBO and its vertical and temporal development,hemispherical atmospheric circulation change,and moisture transport by the East Asian summer *** is now operationally running in near real time as a climate data assimilation system in CMA.

关键词： CMA reanalysis(CRA) observations data assimilation(DA) forecast model

Zearalenone toxicosis on reproduction as estrogen receptor selective modulator and alleviation of zearalenone biodegradative agent in pregnant sows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 1222-1232页

作者： Jianchuan Zhou Lihong Zhao Shimeng Huang Qingxiu Liu Xiang Ao Yuanpei Lei Cheng Ji Qiugang Ma State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Sichuan tieqilishi Food Co. LtdMianyang 610000Sichuan provinceChina.

Background:Zearalenone(ZEA)is a resorcylic acid lactone derivative derived from various Fusarium species that are widely found in food and *** molecular structure of ZEA resembles that of the mammalian hormone 17β-oestradiol,thus zearalenone and its metabolites are known to compete with endogenous hormones for estrogen receptors binding sites and to activate transcription of oestrogen-responsive ***,the effect of long-term low-dose ZEA exposure on the reproductive response to Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G culture for first-parity gilts has not yet been *** study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of ZEA as an estrogen receptor selective modulator and the alleviating effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G cultures as ZEA biodegraders in pregnant sows during their first ***:A total of 80 first-parity gilts(Yorkshire×Landrace)were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments during gestation:CO(positive control);MO(negative control,246μg ZEA/kg diet);COA(CO+*** ANSB01G culture with 2×10^(9)CFU/kg diet);MOA(MO+*** ANSB01G culture with 2×10^(9)CFU/kg diet).There were 20 replications per treatment with one gilt per *** low-dose ZEA naturally contaminated diets disordered most of reproductive hormones secretion and affected estrogen receptor-αand estrogen receptor-βconcentrations in serum and specific organs and led to moderate histopathological changes of gilts,but did not cause significant detrimental effects on reproductive *** addition of Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G culture to the diet can effectively relieve the competence of ZEA to estrogen receptor and the disturbance of reproductive hormones secretion,and then ameliorate toxicosis of ZEA in ***:Collectively,our study investigated the effects of feeding low-dose ZEA on reproduction in pregnant sows during their first *** low-dose ZEA could modulate estrogen receptor-αand-βconcentrations in specific organs,ca

关键词： Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G Estrogen receptor Mycotoxin biodegradation Pregnant sows Reproductive performance ZEA

Pre-Processing,Quality Assurance,and Use of Global Atmospheric Motion Vector Observations in CRA

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Journal of meteorological research 2022年第6期36卷 947-962页

作者： Minyan WANG Shuang YAO Lipeng JIANG Tao ZHANG Chunxiang SHI Ting ZHU National meteorological Information Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081

Assimilation of atmospheric motion vectors(AMVs)is important in the initialization of the atmospheric state in numerical weather prediction models,especially over oceans and at high latitudes where conventional data are *** paper presents a detailed description of the pre-processing,quality assurance,and use of global AMVs in china’s first generation of the 40-yr(1979-2018)CRA global atmospheric reanalysis product.A new AMV archive is integrated from near real-time operational Global Telecommunication System data and reprocessed AMV datasets released or produced mainly during 2014-2016 according to a priority *** avoid the misuse of data with systematic quality problems,the observations of all 18 types of AMVs from 54 satellites are pre-evaluated over the whole time *** pre-evaluation system developed by the CRA team is based on the NCEP Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation(GSI)three-dimensional variational assimilation system and the ERA-Interim reanalysis *** AMVs in the new AMV archive are denser than the AMVs prepared for the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis product,the bias and root-mean-square values are smaller,and the time series are *** new AMV archive is assimilated in the CRA product based on the NCEP GSI assimilation procedure and quality control configuration with reference to the pre-evaluation *** is the first time that the reprocessed AMVs from Fengyun-2 satellites from June 2005 to July 2017 are assimilated in a reanalysis *** assimilation features inspire confidence in the accuracy and stability of these *** mean root-mean-square values of the observation minus analysis infrared,water vapor,and visible AMV were 1.5-3.4,2.7-3.6,and 1.3-2.1 m s-1,*** experience of integrating,pre-evaluating,and assimilating AMV observations is valuable for the next generation of reanalysis products.

关键词： reanalysis CRA(china’s first generation of 40-yr global atmospheric ReAnalysis product) atmospheric motion vector integration assimilation reprocessed data

Resistance of barley varieties to Heterodera avenae in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,china

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第5期21卷 1401-1413页

作者： YAN Jia-hui JIA Jian-ping JIANG Li-ling PENG De-liang LIU Shi-ming HOU Sheng-ying YU Jing-wen LI Hui-xia HUANG Wen-kun Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesXining 810016P.R.China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China College of Plant Protection Gansu Agricultural UniversityBiocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou 730070P.R.China

The cereal cyst nematode,Heterodera avenae,is one of the most economically important pathogens impacting the worldwide production of cereals and is widely distributed in more than 16 regions in *** present study used the numbers of nematodes inside the plant roots to evaluate the resistance/susceptibility of different subpopulations of barley Hordeum vulgare(QH2R,QH6R and TB2R)to *** under field and pot *** development in two highly resistant varieties was also evaluated by in vivo experiment and microscopic *** of 186selected varieties showed the numbers of susceptible varieties identified with the number of females/cysts per plant(NFP)method were significantly higher than those identified with the Pf/Pi ratio(PPR)method,which indicated that the NFP method rather than the PPR method is more reliable to evaluate the resistance of *** field and pot experiment results indicated that the QH2R subpopulation had lower females/cysts numbers than QH6R and TB2R subpopulations,and eight HR varieties(Sunong 7617,Sunong 7635,Dongyuan 87-14,Rudong 14-46,Rudong 87-57,Rudong 87-8-45,Rudong 88-14-2,and Rudong 88-67-1)were identified in QH2R,with the NFP numbers below *** microscopic observation of nematode development suggested that *** often penetrated less into highly resistant varieties(Sunong 7635 and Dongyuan 87-14)and more frequently failed to develop into females than the susceptible *** promising resistant varieties identified in the present research might be helpful for breeders to develop CCN-resistant cultivars and control *** populations effectively at low costs.

关键词： Heterodera avenae barley varieties resistance evaluation number of females/cysts per plant(NFP)

Host niche, genotype, and field location shape the diversity and composition of the soybean microbiome

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第8期22卷 2412-2425页

作者： YANG Hong-jun YE Wen-wu YU Ze SHEN Wei-liang LI Su-zhen WANG Xing CHEN Jia-jia WANG Yuan-chao ZHENG Xiao-bo Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095P.R.China College of Agronomy and Horticulture Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and ForestryZhenjiang 212400P.R.China Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Suzhou 234000P.R.China Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jining 272131P.R.China Xuzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Xuzhou 221131P.R.China College of Landscape Architecture Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and ForestryZhenjiang 212400P.R.China

Plant-associated microbes represent a key determinant of plant fitness through acquiring nutrients,promoting growth,and resisting to abiotic and biotic ***,an extensive characterization of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes present in different plant compartments of soybean in field conditions has remained *** this study,we investigated the effects of four niches(roots,stems,leaves,and pods),four genotypes(Andou 203,Hedou 12,Sanning 16,and Zhonghuang 13),and three field locations(Jining,Suzhou,and Xuzhou)on the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities in soybean using 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA amplicon sequencing,*** soybean microbiome significantly differed across *** genotypes explained more variation in stem bacterial community composition and leaf fungal community *** location significantly affected the composition of bacterial communities in all compartments and the effects were stronger in the root and stem than in the leaf and pod,whereas field location explained more variation in stem and leaf fungal community composition than in the root and *** relative abundances of potential soybean fungal pathogens also differed among host organs and genotypes,reflecting the niches of these microbes in the host and probably their compatibility to the host *** profiling of the microbiome composition and diversity will aid the development of plant protection technologies to benefit soybean health.

关键词： microbiome soybean plant pathogen endophytes host niche genotype field location

Molecular diagnosis and direct quantification of cereal cyst nematode(Heterodera filipjevi) from field soil using TaqMan real-time PCR

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第8期22卷 2591-2601页

作者： JIAN Jin-zhuo HUANG Wen-kun KONG Ling-an JIAN Heng Sulaiman ABDULSALAM PENG De-liang PENG Huan State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193P.R.China Division of Agricultural Colleges/Department of Crop Protection Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria 810107Nigeria

Heterodera filipjevi continues to be a major threat to wheat production *** detection and quantification of cyst nematodes are essential for more effective control against this nematode *** the present study,a TaqManminor groove binder(TaqMan-MGB)probe-based fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)was successfully developed and used for quantifying *** from DNA extracts of *** primers and probe designed from the obtained RAPD-SCAR marker fragments of *** showed high specificity to *** using DNA from isolatesconfirmed species of 23 Heterodera spp.,1 Globodera *** 3 Pratylenchus *** qPCR assay is highly sensitive and provides improved *** detection sensitivity of as low as 4^(-3) single second-stage juvenile(J2)DNAs,10^(-3) female DNAs,and 0.01μgμL^(-1) genomic DNAs.A standard curve relating to the threshold cycle and log values of nematode numbers was generated and validated from artificially infested soils and was used to quantify *** in naturally infested field *** was a high correlation between the *** numbers estimated from 32 naturally infested field soils by both conventional methods and the numbers quantified using the qPCR *** potentially provides a useful platform for the efficient detection and quantification of *** directly from field soils and to quantify this species directly from DNA extracts of field soils.

关键词： cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi molecular diagnosis quantification TaqMan real-time PCR

Model fitting of the seasonal population dynamics of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, in the field

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第6期22卷 1797-1808页

作者： XU Lei ZHAO Tong-hua XING Xing XU Guo-qing XU Biao ZHAO Ji-qiu Institute of Plant Protection Liaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyang 110161P.R.China Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County Anshan 114300P.R.China

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura(Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the greatest threats to soybean production, and both trend analysis and periodic analysis of its population dynamics are important for integrated pest management(IPM). Based on systematically investigating soybean aphid populations in the field from 2018 to 2020, this study adopted the inverse logistic model for the first time, and combined it with the classical logistic model to describe the changes in seasonal population abundance from colonization to extinction in the field. Then, the increasing and decreasing phases of the population fluctuation were divided by calculating the inflection points of the models, which exhibited distinct seasonal trends of the soybean aphid populations in each year. In addition, multifactor logistic models were then established for the first time, in which the abundance of soybean aphids in the field changed with time and relevant environmental conditions. This model enabled the prediction of instantaneous aphid abundance at a given time based on relevant meteorological data. Taken as a whole, the successful approaches implemented in this study could be used to build a theoretical framework for practical IPM strategies for controlling soybean aphids.

关键词： soybean aphid population dynamics logistic model inverse logistic model multifactor logistic model

Nitrogen management improves lodging resistance and production in maize(Zea mays L.)at a high plant density

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第2期22卷 417-433页

作者： Irshad AHMAD Maksat BATYRBEK Khushnuma IKRAM Shakeel AHMAD Muhammad KAMRAN Misbah Raham Sher KHAN HOU Fu-jiang HAN Qing-fang Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau Ministry of Agriculture/College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems/Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Engineering Research Center of Grassland IndustryMinistry of Education/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020P.R.China Department of Biotechnology Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan 23200Pakistan

Lodging in maize leads to yield losses *** this study,we determined the effects of traditional and optimized nitrogen management strategies on culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,root growth,lodging percentage and production in maize at a high plant *** compared a traditional nitrogen(N)application rate of 300 kg ha–1(R)and an optimized N application rate of 225 kg ha^(–1)(O)under four N application modes:50%of N applied at sowing and 50%at the 10th-leaf stage(N1);100%of N applied at sowing(N2);40%of N applied at sowing,40%at the 10th-leaf stage and 20%at tasseling stage(N3);and 30%of N applied at sowing,30%at the 10th-leaf stage,20%at the tasseling stage,and 20%at the silking stage(N4).The optimized N rate(225 kg ha^(–1))significantly reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging *** optimized N rate significantly increased internode diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,root growth and lignin *** application of N in four split doses(N4)significantly improved culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,while it reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging *** diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,number and diameter of brace roots,root volume,root dry weight,bleeding safe and grain yield were significantly negatively correlated with plant height,ear height,center of gravity height,internode lengths and lodging *** conclusion,treatment ON4 significantly reduced the lodging percentage by improving the culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,so it improved the production of the maize crop at a high plant density.

关键词： high plant density lodging resistance maize nitrogen rates nitrogen application modes

High serum reproductive hormone levels at mid-pregnancy support Meishan pig prolificacy

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第11期22卷 3489-3499页

作者： ZHOU Rong YANG Ya-lan LIU Ying CHEN Jie YANG Bing TANG Zhong-lin MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan Institute of Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Foshan 528226P.R.China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureShenzhen 518000P.R.China Genetics Breeding and ReproductionCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China

Increasing prolificacy is an important aim in the pig industry. Regions associated with litter size have been revealed, but detailed molecular mechanisms are unclear. The Meishan pig is one of the most prolific breeds, with higher prolificacy than the Yorkshire pig, which exhibits high feeding efficiency and lean meat yield. The ovary is the key organ determining reproductive traits during pregnancy by synthesizing and secreting reproductive hormones essential for conceptus maintenance. In this comparative multi-omics study of the ovary transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome on day 49 of pregnancy, we aimed to identify genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic differences between the ovaries of Meishan and Yorkshire pigs to reveal potential molecular mechanisms conferring high prolificacy. Meishan pigs demonstrated general downregulation of steroid biosynthesis and butanoate metabolism in the ovary during mid-pregnancy at both transcriptome and proteome levels but exhibited higher serum cholesterol, estradiol, and progesterone levels than Yorkshire pigs. We also identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes of the steroid hormone pathway associated with litter number, average birth weight, and total litter weight. Lower biosynthesis rates but elevated serum levels of reproductive hormones during mid-and late pregnancy are essential for the greater prolificacy of Meishan pigs.

关键词： ovary progesterone Meishan steroid biosynthesis multi-omics