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Defining region-specific heatwave in China based on a novel concept of “avoidable mortality for each temperature unit decrease”

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第5期12卷 611-618页

作者： LIU Jiang-Mei AI Si-Qi QI Jin-Lei WANG Li-Jun ZHOU Mai-Geng WANG Chong-Jian YIN Peng LIN Hua-Liang National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing100050China Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450000China

The distribution of temperature and temperature-health association varied largely across different regions in China,a region-specific definition for heatwave was therefore *** collected the data on daily mortality,meteorological factors and air pollution in 84 Chinese cities during 2013–2016,which was divided into seven *** on the association between daily maximum temperature and mortality in each city in a threshold distributed lag non-linear model,where the threshold was defined as the temperature corresponding to the lowest mortality risk,we calculated the number of deaths that could be avoided for 1℃ decrease in maximum temperature under different thresholds,then a random-effect meta-analysis was used to generate regional results,in which the temperature with the highest avoidable mortality number for 1℃ decrease was considered as the most appropriate heatwave *** observed an immediate detrimental effect of high temperature within three lag *** analysis suggested to use 29.5℃,31.5℃,29.0℃,31.5℃,30.0℃,and 28.5℃ as the heatwave standard for east,north,northeast,central,south,and southwest region,with the avoidable mortality number of 1.54(95%Confidence interval(CI):0.88,2.19),0.55(95%CI:0.16,0.94),0.59(95%CI:0.32,0.86),1.14(95%CI:0.68,1.59),1.22(95%CI:0.54,1.90),and 0.78(95%CI:0.01,1.55),respectively,while the estimated number 0.19(95%CI:−0.02,0.40)in northwest region was not statistically *** concept of‘avoidable mortality for 1℃ decrease’was proposed to define the heatwave event,and varied maximum temperature between 28.5 and 31.5℃ was suggested for region-specific heatwave definition in China.

关键词： Heatwave Mortality burden Distributed lag non-linear model

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Here comes the sun:How optimization of photosynthetic light reactions can boost crop yields

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第2期64卷 564-591页

作者： Julia Walter Johannes Kromdijk Department of Plant Sciences University of CambridgeCambridgeCB23EA UK Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois61801 USA

Photosynthesis started to evolve some 3.5 billion years ago CO;is the substrate for photosynthesis and in the past 200-250 years,atmospheric levels have approximately doubled due to human industrial ***,this time span is not sufficient for adaptation mechanisms of photosynthesis to be evolutionarily *** increases in human population,shortage of arable land and food,and climate change call for actions,*** to substantial research efforts and advances in the last century,basic knowledge of photosynthetic and primary metabolic processes can now be translated into strategies to optimize photosynthesis to its full potential in order to improve crop yields and food supply for the *** different approaches have been proposed in recent years,some of which have already proven successful in different crop ***,we summarize recent advances on modifications of the complex network of photosynthetic light *** are the starting point of all biomass production and supply the energy equivalents necessary for downstream processes as well as the oxygen we breathe.

关键词： bioengineering crop improvement electron transfer light reactions photosynthesis photosystem stress tolerance

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Stress-Activated Protein Kinase OsSAPK7 Regulates Salt- Stress Tolerance by Modulating Diverse Stress-Defensive Responses in Rice

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Rice science 2021年第6期28卷 547-556页

作者： ZENG Dan WANG Chunchao XIE Junpin ZHANG Fan LU Jialing SHI Xiaorong SHI Yingyao ZHOU Yongli Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility far Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Agronomy Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China

Soil salinity is an environmental threat limiting rice *** of salinity tolerance genes and exploitation of their mechanisms in plants are vital for crop *** this study,the function of stress-activated protein kinase 7(OsSAPK7),a SnRK2 family member,was characterized in response to salt stress in *** with variety 9804,OsSAPK7-overexpression plants had a greater survival rate,increased chlorophyll and proline contents,and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities at the seedling stage under salt-stress conditio ns,as well as decreased sodium potassium ratio(Na+/K+)and malondialdehyde *** salt stress,the OsSAPK7 knockout plants had lower survival rates,in creased Na^K*ratios and malomdiadehyde contents,and decreased physiological parameters compared with *** changes in transgenic lines suggested that OsSAPK7 increased the salt tolerance of rice by modulating ion homeostasis,redox reactions and *** results of RNA-Seq indicated that genes involved in redox-dependent signaling pathway,photosynthesis and zeatin synthesis pathways were significantly down-regulated in the OsSAPK7 knockout line compared with 9804 un der salt-stress conditio n,which con firmed that OsSAPK7 positively regulated salt tolera nee by modulating diverse stress-defe nsive resp on ses in *** findings provided novel in sights for the genetic improvement of rice and for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of salt-stress toleranee.

关键词： rice OsSAPK7 salt stress tolerance survival rate

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A versatile interferometric technique for probing the thermophysical properties of complex fluids

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第5期11卷 979-990页

作者： Gopal Verma Gyanendra Yadav Chaudry Sajed Saraj Longnan Li Nenad Miljkovic Jean Pierre Delville Wei Li GPL Photonics Lab State Key Laboratory of Applied OpticsChangchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences130033 ChangchunChina School of Physical Sciences University of LiverpoolLiverpool L693BXUK Materials Research Laboratory University of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research(WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University744 MotookaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan University of Bordeaux CNRSLOMAUMR 5798F-33405 TalenceFrance

Laser-induced thermocapillary deformation of liquid surfaces has emerged as a promising tool to precisely characterize the thermophysical properties of pure ***,challenges arise for nanofluid(NF)and soft biofluid systems where the direct interaction of the laser generates an intriguing interplay between heating,momentum,and scattering forces which can even damage soft ***,we report a versatile,pump-probe-based,rapid,and non-contact interferometric technique that resolves interface dynamics of complex fluids with the precision of~1 nm in thick-film and 150 pm in thin-film regimes below the thermal limit without the use of lock-in or modulated *** characterize the thermophysical properties of complex NF in three exclusively different types of ***,when the NF is heated from the bottom through an opaque substrate,we demonstrate that our methodology permits the measurement of thermophysical properties(viscosity,surface tension,and diffusivity)of complex NF and ***,in a top illumination configuration,we show a precise characterization of NF by quantitively isolating the competing forces,taking advantage of the different time scales of these ***,we show the measurement of NF confined in a metal cavity,in which the transient thermoelastic deformation of the metal surface provides the properties of the NF as well as thermo-mechanical properties of the *** results reveal how the dissipative nature of the heatwave allows us to investigate thick-film dynamics in the thin-film regime,thereby suggesting a general approach for precision measurements of complex NFs,biofluids,and optofluidic devices.

关键词： deformation thermophysical film

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Dose selection of chloroquine phosphate for treatment of COVID-19 based on a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第7期10卷 1216-1227页

作者： Cheng Cui Miao Zhang Xueting Yao Siqi Tu Zhe Hou Valerie Sia Jie En Xiaoqiang Xiang Jing Lin Ting Cai Ning Shen Chunli Song Jie Qiao Shun Zhang Haiyan Li Dongyang Liu Drug Clinical Trial Center Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai 201203China Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province HwaMei HospitalUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Ningbo No.2 Hospital)Ningbo 315010China Department of Respirator Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Department of Orthopedics Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Center for Reproductive Medicine Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China

Chloroquine(CQ)phosphate has been suggested to be clinically effective in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).To develop a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic(PBPK)model for predicting tissue distribution of CQ and apply it to optimize dosage regimens,a PBPK model,with parameterization of drug distribution extrapolated from animal data,was developed to predict human tissue distribution of *** physiological characteristics of time-dependent accumulation was mimicked through an active transport *** dosing regimens were proposed based on PBPK simulation combined with known clinical exposure-response *** model was also validated by clinical data from Chinese patients with *** novel PBPK model allows indepth description of the pharmacokinetics of CQ in several key organs(lung,heart,liver,and kidney),and was applied to design dosing strategies in patients with acute COVID-19(Day 1:750 mg BID,Days 2-5:500 mg BID,CQ phosphate),patients with moderate COVID-19(Day 1:750 mg and 500 mg,Days 2-3:500 mg BID,Days 4-5:250 mg BID,CQ phosphate),and other vulnerable populations(e.g.,renal and hepatic impairment and elderly patients,Days 1-5:250 mg BID,CQ phosphate).A PBPK model of CQ was successfully developed to optimize dosage regimens for patients with COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Chloroquine phosphate PBPK Dosing strategy

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Factors associated with recommendation behaviors of four non-National Immunization Program vaccines:a cross-sectional survey among public health workers in China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第5期12卷 58-68页

作者： Yun Lyu Xiaozhen Lai Yidi Ma Hai Fang Department of Health Policy and Management School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Health Economics Research Centre Nufeld Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK China Center for Health Development Studies Peking UniversityBeijingChina Peking University Health Science Center-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Research Center for Vaccine Economics Peking UniversityBeijingChina Institute for Global Health and Development Peking UniversityBeijingChina

Background Immunization is a crucial preventive measure to safeguard children under five years old against a range of *** China,the coverage rate of non-National Immunization Program(non-NIP)vaccines can be improved by leveraging the recommendation from public health ***,understanding the influencing factors of recommendation behaviors assume paramount *** study aims to investigate influencing factors of public health workers’recommendation behaviors towards non-NIP vaccines,with a particular emphasis on financial *** A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multi-stage sampling method in 2019 from August to October.627 public health workers were recruited from 148 community healthcare centers in ten provincial-level administrative divisions in *** anonymous questionnaire was used to collect demographic information,attitudes towards vaccination,and recommendation behaviors towards non-NIP vaccines,includingHaemophilus influenzae type b(Hib)vaccine,pneumococcal conjugate vaccine,varicella vaccine,and rotavirus *** analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were adopted in this *** Of the 610 public health workers with complete survey data,53.8%,57.4%,84.1%,and 54.1%often recommended Hib vaccine,pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine(PCV),varicella vaccine,and rotavirus vaccine,*** regression revealed that gender(Hib vaccine:OR=0.4,95%CI:0.2-0.8;PCV:OR=0.4,95%CI:0.2-0.8;rotavirus vaccine:OR=0.3,95%CI:0.2-0.6),financial incentives for non-NIP vaccination(Hib vaccine:OR=1.9,95%CI:1.1-3.6;PCV:OR=2.1,95%CI:1.1-3.9;rotavirus vaccine:OR=2.0,95%CI:1.1-3.8)and perception of vaccine safety(Hib vaccine:OR=2.7,95%CI:1.1-7.0;PCV:OR=3.2,95%CI:1.2-8.0;rotavirus vaccine:OR=3.0,95%CI:1.2-7.7)were associated with public health workers’recommendation towards Hib vaccine,PCV and rotavirus *** The findings highlighted public health workers’recommendation behaviors of no

关键词： National Immunization Program Vaccination Public health workers Cross-sectional survey Recommendation China

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Ambient air pollution and low temperature associated with case fatality of COVID-19: A nationwide retrospective cohort study in China

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The Innovation 2021年第3期2卷 86-93页

作者： Fei Tian Xiaobo Liu Qingchen Chao Zhengmin(Min)Qian Siqi Zhang Li Qi Yanlin Niu Lauren DArnold Shiyu Zhang Huan Li Hualiang Lin Qiyong Liu Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and ManagementNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics College for Public Health&Social JusticeSaint Louis University3545 Lafayette AvenueSaint LouisMO 63104USA

The evidence for the effects of environmental factors on COVID-19 case fatality remains controversial,and it is crucial to understand the role of preventable environmental factors in driving COVID-19 *** thus conducted a nationwide cohort study to estimate the effects of environmental factors(temperature,particulate matter[PM2.5,PM10],sulfur dioxide[SO2],nitrogen dioxide[NO2],and ozone[O3])on COVID-19 case fatality.A total of 71,808 confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified and followed up for their vital status through April 25,*** to ambient air pollution and temperature were estimated by linking the city-and county-level monitoring data to the residential community of each *** each participant,two windows were defined:the period from symptom onset to diagnosis(exposure window I)and the period from diagnosis date to date of death/recovery or end of the study period(exposure window II).Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations between these environmental factors and COVID-19 case ***-19 case fatality increased in association with environmental factors for the two exposure *** example,each 10 mg/m^(3) increase in PM2.5,PM10,O3,and NO2 in window I was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.11(95%CI 1.09,1.13),1.10(95%CI 1.08,1.13),1.09(95 CI 1.03,1.14),and 1.27(95%CI 1.19,1.35)for COVID-19 fatality,respectively.A significant effect was also observed for low temperature,with a hazard ratio of 1.03(95%CI 1.01,1.04)for COVID-19 case fatality per 1C *** analysis indicated that these effects were stronger in the elderly,as well as in those with mild symptoms and living in Wuhan or ***,the sensitivity analyses also yielded consistent ***-term exposure to ambient air pollution and low temperature during the illness would play a nonnegligible part in causing case fatality due to *** exposures to high concentrations of PM2.5,PM10,O3,SO2,and NO2 and low

关键词： temperature air pollution COVID-19 fatality cohort study

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Hemipteran and dipteran pests: Effectors and plant host immune regulators

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第4期58卷 350-361页

作者： Isgouhi Kaloshian Linda L.Walling Institute of Integrative Genome Biology and Center for Plant Cell Biology University of California Department of Nematology University of California Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California

Hemipteran and dipteran insects have behavioral,cellular and chemical strategies for evading or coping with the host plant defenses making these insects particularly destructive pests worldwide. A critical component of a host plant＇s defense to herbivory is innate immunity. Here we review the status of our understanding of the receptors that contribute to perception of hemipteran and dipteran pests and highlight the gaps in our knowledge in these early events in immune signaling. We also highlight recent advances in identification of the effectors that activate pattern-triggered immunity and those involved in effector-triggered immunity.

关键词： Aphids effectors endosymbionts Hessian fly planthoppers resistance genes

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Asymmetric synthesis of bedaquiline based on bimetallic activation and non-covalent interaction promotion strategies

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第10期65卷 1968-1977页

作者： Feng Gao Jing Li Tanveer Ahmad Yicong Luo Zhenfeng Zhang Qianjia Yuan Xiaohong Huo Tao Song Wanbin Zhang Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Bedaquiline(BDQ),approved by Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in 2012 as the first anti-tuberculosis-specific drug in the last 40 years,is viewed as one of the world’s most promising treatments for tuberculosis(TB).Due to the stereoselective construction of the Csp^(3)–Csp^(3)bond with vicinal stereocenters of BDQ and its analogues being an unsolved challenge,there have not been any reports concerning its asymmetric synthesis for the current industrial production process until ***,we have successfully developed a cooperative bimetallic system for the asymmetric synthesis of BDQ under the guidance of density functional theory(DFT)*** on the optimized conditions,BDQ could be synthesized with excellent enantioselectivity(>99%ee)and diastereoselectivity(16:1 dr).A 5-g scale reaction was also conducted with comparably excellent results,showing its potential for industrial application.

关键词： asymmetric synthesis bedaquiline bimetallic system industrial synthetic process DFT computation

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A novel and effective hyperthermia method for Schistosomiasis japonica prevention and treatment

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Science Bulletin 2015年第16期60卷 1461-1464页

作者： Huixia Yang Tao Tang Pei He Youren Zhang Le Xie Guangqi Liu Li Li Weichao Kong Jingdingsha Li Ruiting Liu Yukun Li Junjian Hu Xiaowen Wang Liya Li Guanghong Xiang Geoffrey Gobert Yuesheng Li Jintian Tang The Yuquan Hospital Tsinghua University Laboratory of Innovative Medical Technology Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University The WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Schistosomiasis on Lake Region Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Department of Pharmaceutics Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Graduate School Hunan University of Chinese Medicine School of Measuring and Optical Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Department of Oncology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Department of Medical Oncology China-Japan Friendship Hospital Queensland Institute of Medical Research Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery University Clinic of Muenster

The emerging resistance to schistosoma has been paid much attention and is in urgent need for a novel strategy to control the prevalent parasitic zoonosis. In this study, the efficiency of hyperthermia therapy was investigated by the skin hyperthermia device. The survival rate of cercariae decreased from 68.15 % （37 ℃, 5 min） to 0 （49℃, 10 min） with the thermal dosages increased, which proved the preventing effect of hyperthermia therapy （P 〈 0.05）. Therapeutic effects were assessed in Schistosoma japonicum-infected BALB/c mice. When the cercarial contact region of the skin was treated at 45-49℃ for 5 min within 8 h of infection, worm reduction rate （WRR） reached 74 %-83 % （P 〈 0.01）. The sensitivity of adult schistosoma to heat was also investigated using microwave intraperitoneal hyperthermia （thermal dosages 42-43℃, 20 min）. The WRR, hepatic shift rates and egg reduction rates were 23.7 %, 40 % and 30 %, respectively, comparing with 80.2 %, 59.6 % and 53.9 % of praziquantel （PZQ）-treated group. Encouraging results have been obtained that hyperthermia can effectively kill schistosomula, especially with the appearance of cercarial dermatitis, while PZQ lacks efficacy against the cercariae. Thus, hyperthermia therapy would show significant benefit in preventing and treatment of schistosoma, especially in the early stage.

关键词： Hyperthermia Schistosomiasis japonica Praziquantel (PZQ) Cercariae

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