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13-Valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines vaccination innovative strategy in Weifang City,China:a case study

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 108-108页

作者： Jiachen Wang Yujue Wang Ruoyu Xu Ting Zhang Yanyan Jiang Yuanyuan Wang Yi Wang Yuanze Du Wenxue Sun Kai Deng Weizhong Yang Zengwu Wang Luzhao Feng Chunping Wang School of Public Health Weifang Medical University Weifang People’s Republic of China School of Dentistry University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles USA School of Population Medicine and Public Health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity Beijing People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College) Ministry of Education Beijing People’s Republic of China Division of Infectious Diseases Center for Disease Control and Prevention Weifang People’s Republic of China Division of Immunization Center for Disease Control and Prevention Weifang People’s Republic of China Department of Public Health Weifang People’s Hospital Weifang People’s Republic of China Department of Nursing Hospital of Chengdu Office of the People’s Government of Tibet Autonomous Region Chengdu People’s Republic of China Department of Neurosurgery Weifang People’s Hospital Weifang People’s Republic of China

The World Health Organization(WHO)prioritizes pneumococcal disease as a vaccine-preventable disease and recommends the inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines(PCV)in national immunization programs ***,PCV is not included in the National Immunization Program in China and has low vaccination coverage due to its high *** address this,Weifang City implemented an innovative strategy for a 13-valent PCV(PCV13)on June 1,*** strategy aimed to provide one dose of PCV13 free of charge for children aged 6 months to 2 years in registered households and to adopt a commercial insurance model with one dose of PCV13 free of charge in 2023 for children over 2 years *** Health Commission of Weifang and other departments conducted a comprehensive investigation and considered various factors,such as vaccine efectiveness,safety,accessibility,vaccine price,and immunization schedules,for eligible children(under 5 years old).Stakeholder opinions were also solicited before implementing the *** Commission negotiated with various vaccine manufacturers to maximize its negotiating power and reduce vaccine *** implementation plan was introduced under the Healthy Weifang *** the implementation of this strategy,the full course of vaccination coverage increased signifcantly from 0.67 to 6.59%.However,vaccination coverage is still lower than that in developed ***’s PCV13 vaccination innovative strategy is the frst of its kind in Chinese mainland and is an active pilot of non-immunization program vaccination *** further promote PCV13 vaccination,Weifang City should continue to implement this strategy and explore appropriate fnancing *** with higher levels of economic development can innovate the implementation of vaccine programs,broaden fnancing channels,improve accessibility to vaccination services,and advocate for more localities to incorporate PCV13 into locally expanded immunization programs or peo

关键词： Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Pneumococcal disease Non-immunization program Vaccination Vaccine-preventable disease Vaccination strategy China

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The Xa7 resistance gene guards the rice susceptibility gene SWEET14 against exploitation by the bacterial blight pathogen

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Plant Communications 2021年第3期2卷 82-92页

作者： Dangping Luo Jose C.Huguet-Tapia R.Taylor Raborn Frank F.White Volker P.Brendel Bing Yang Division of Plant Sciences Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Plant Pathology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Biology Department of Computer ScienceIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St.LouisMO 63132USA Biodesign Institute Center for Mechanisms of Evolution Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85281USA

Many plant disease resistance(R)genes function specifically in reaction to the presence of cognate effectors from a *** oryzae pathovar oryzae(Xoo)uses transcription activator-like effectors(TALes)to target specific rice genes for expression,thereby promoting host susceptibility to bacterial ***,we report the molecular characterization of Xa7,the cognate R gene to the TALes AvrXa7 and PthXo3,which target the rice major susceptibility gene ***7 was mapped to a unique 74-kb *** expression analysis of the region revealed a candidate gene that contained a putative AvrXa7 effector binding element(EBE)in its promoter and encoded a 113-amino-acid peptide of unknown *** editing at the Xa7 locus rendered the plants susceptible to avrXa7-carrying Xoo *** AvrXa7 and PthXo3 activated a GUS reporter gene fused with the EBE-containing Xa7 promoter in Nicotiana *** EBE of Xa7 is a close mimic of the EBE of SWEET14 for TALe-induced disease *** expression of Xa7 triggers cell death in ***7 is prevalent in indica rice accessions from 3000 rice ***7 appears to be an adaptation that protects against pathogen exploitation of SWEET14 and disease susceptibility.

关键词： Xa7 TAL effector Xanthomonas bacterial blight disease resistance SWEET14

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Favorable haplotypes and associated genes for flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity identified by comparative selective signature analysis and GWAS in temperate and tropical maize

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The Crop Journal 2020年第2期8卷 227-242页

作者： Zhiwei Li Xiaogang Liu Xiaojie Xu Jiacheng Liu Zhiqin Sang Kanchao Yu Yuxin Yang Wenshuang Dai Xin Jin Yunbi Xu Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) El Batan 56130TexcocoMexico Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Shihezi 832000XinjiangChina Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030HeilongjiangChina

On the basis of growing environment,maize can largely be classified into temperate and tropical groups,leaving extensive genetic variation and evolutionary signatures in the maize *** identify candidate genes governing flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity,selective signature analysis and SNP-and haplotype-based GWAS were performed using 39,350 high-quality SNP markers in temperate and tropical maize groups consisting of 410 inbred lines phenotyped in three representative experiments in different *** signature analysis revealed 106 selective-sweep regions containing 423 candidate genes involved mainly in biological regulation and biosynthesis *** these genes,25 overlapped with known genes governing flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity and 37 were also detected by GWAS for days to tassel,anthesis-silk interval,and photoperiod sensitivity measured by days to *** two of the candidate genes governing flowering time overlapped selective *** haplotype alleles within significant haplotype loci showed the same direction of effect on flowering time and photoperiod *** inbred lines carrying GATT at HapL499(haplotype locus 499)on chromosome 1 had relatively short flowering *** carrying CA at HapL4054 on chromosome 10,TA at HapL4055 on chromosome 10,and GTTGT at HapL978 on chromosome 2 were less sensitive to photoperiod than lines carrying other haplotype *** loci associated with flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity explained respectively 17.5%–18.6%and 11.2%–15.5%of phenotypic *** genes and favorable haplotypes identified in this study may support the more efficient utilization of maize germplasm groups.

关键词： temperate signature GWAS

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Current challenges in treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis in India: a public health perspective

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 165-179页

作者： Om Prakash Singh Bhawana Singh Jaya Chakravarty Shyam Sundar Infectious Disease Research Laboratory Department of MedicineInstitute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia

Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)is a serious parasitic disease causing considerable mortality and major disability in the Indian *** is most neglected tropical disease,particularly in terms of new drug development for the lack of financial *** elimination campaign has been running in India since 2005 that aim to reduce the incidence of VL to below 1 per 10,000 people at sub-district *** of the major components in this endeavor is reducing transmission through early case detection followed by complete *** progress has been made during the recent years in the area of VL treatment,and the VL elimination initiatives have already saved many lives by deploying them effectively in the endemic ***,many challenges remain to be overcome including availability of drugs,cost of treatment(drugs and hospitalization),efficacy,adverse effects,and growing parasite ***,better emphasis on implementation research is urgently needed to determine how best to deliver existing interventions with available anti-leishmanial *** is essential that the new treatment options become truly accessible,not simply available in endemic areas so that they may promote healing and save *** this review,we highlight the recent advancement and challenges in current treatment options for VL in disease endemic area,and discuss the possible strategies to improve the therapeutic outcome.

关键词： Visceral leishmaniasis Treatment Drug resistance Multidrug therapy

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Multi-source financing for tuberculosis treatment in China: key issues and challenges

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第2期10卷 44-49页

作者： Qian Long Wei-Xi Jiang Hui Zhang Jun Cheng Sheng-LanTang Wei-Bing Wang Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan UniversityJiangsuChina National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention China CDCBeijingChina Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health&Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety(Ministry of Education)Fudan University138 Vi Xue Yuan RoadShanghai 200032China.

Background:The End Tuberculosis(TB)Strategy of the World Health Organization highlights the need for patientcentered care and social protection measures that alleviate the financial hardships faced by many TB *** China,TB treatments are paid for by earmarked government funds,social health insurance,medical assistance for the poor,and out-of-pocket payments from *** part of Phase III of the China-gates TB project,this paper introduces multi-source financing ofTB treatment in the three provinces of China and analyzes the challenges of moving towards universal coverage and its implications of multi-sectoral engagement for TB *** text:The new financing policies forTB treatment in the three provinces include increased reimbursement forTB outpatient care,linkage ofTB treatment with local poverty alleviation programs,and use of local government funds to cover some costs to reduce out-of-pocket ***,there are several challenges in reducing the financial burdens faced byTB ***,medical costs must be contained by reducing the profit-maximizing behaviors of ***,treatment forTB and multi-drug resistant TB(MDR-TB)is only available at county hospitals and city or provincial hospitals,respectively,and these hospitals have low reimbursement rates and high ***,many patients with TB and MDR-TB are at the edge of poverty,and therefore ineligible for medical assistance,which targets extremely poor *** addition,the local governments of less developed provinces often face fiscal difficulties,making it challenging to use of local government funds to provide financial support for TB *** suggest that stakeholders at multiple sectors should engage in transparent and responsive communications,coordinate policy developments,and integrate resources to improve the integration of social protection ***:The Chinese government is examining the establishment of multi-source financing forTB treatm

关键词： Tuberculosis Medical cost Financial protection Universal health coverage Multi-sector engagement China

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Simulating potential outbreaks of Delta and Omicron variants based on contact-tracing data:A modelling study in Fujian Province,China

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第1期8卷 270-281页

作者： Yichao Guo Wenjing Ye Zeyu Zhao Xiaohao Guo Wentao Song Yanhua Su Benhua Zhao Jianming Ou Yanqin Deng Tianmu Chen State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen City361102Fujian ProvincePR China Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fujian ProvincePR China

Although studies have compared the relative severity of Omicron and Delta variants by assessing the relative risks,there are still gaps in the knowledge of the potential COVID-19 burden these variations may *** the contact patterns in Fujian Province,China,have not been *** identified 8969 transmission pairs in Fujian,China,by analyzing a contact-tracing database that recorded a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in September *** estimated the waning vaccine effectiveness against Delta variant infection,contact patterns,and epidemiology distributions,then simulated potential outbreaks of Delta and Omicron variants using a multi-group mathematical *** instance,in the contact setting without stringent lockdowns,we estimated that in a potential Omicron wave,only 4.7%of infections would occur in Fujian Province among individuals aged>60 *** comparison,58.75%of the death toll would occur in unvaccinated individuals aged>60 *** with no strict lockdowns,combining school or factory closure alone reduced cumulative deaths of Delta and Omicron by 28.5%and 6.1%,*** conclusion,this study validates the need for continuous mass immunization,especially among elderly aged over 60 years *** it confirms that the effect of lockdowns alone in reducing infections or deaths is ***,these measurements will still contribute to lowering peak daily incidence and delaying the epidemic,easing the healthcare system's burden.

关键词： Contact tracing Vaccine effectiveness Variant of concern Mathematical model COVID-19

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Progress Towards Genetics and Breeding for Minor Genes Based Resistance to Ug99 and Other Rusts in CIMMYT High-Yielding Spring Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 255-261页

作者： Ravi Prakash Singh Sybil Herrera-Foessel Julio Huerta-Espino Sukhwinder Singh Sridhar Bhavani Caixia Lan Bhoja Raj Basnet CIMMYT Apdo.Postal 6-641Mexico DF 06600Mexico INIFAP-CEVAMEX Apdo.Postal 10Chapingo 56230Mexico CIMMYT ICRAF BuildingNairobi 00621Kenya

Wheat rusts continue to cause significant losses worldwide despite major efforts given to their genetic control. This is due to frequent evolution and selection of virulence in pathogen overcoming the deployed race-specific resistance genes. Although the life of effective race-specific resistance genes can be prolonged by using gene combinations, an alternative approach being implemented at CIMMYT is to deploy varieties that posses adult plant resistance （APR） based on combinations of minor, slow rusting genes. When present alone, the APR genes do not confer adequate resistance especially under high disease pressure; however, combinations of 4 or 5 minor genes usually result in ＂near-immunity＂ or a high level of resistance. Although only a few APR genes are catalogued, various APR QTLs are now known and could lead to further characterization of additional genes. Four characterized genes have pleiotropic effects in conferring partial APR to all 3 rusts and powdery mildew, thus simplifying the task of breeding wheat varieties that are resistant to multiple diseases. Significant progress was made recently in developing high-yielding wheat germplasm that possesses high levels of APR to all three rusts by implementing a Mexico- Kenya shuttle breeding scheme. Parents with APR to Ug99 were hybridized with high-yielding parents that had adequate to high levels of APR to leaf rust and yellow rust. Segregating populations and advanced lines from these crosses were selected under high rust pressures in Mexico （leaf rust and yellow rust） and Kenya （Ug99 stem rust and yellow rust） to identify high- yielding progenies that possess high to adequate APR to all three rusts. International distribution of these high-yielding wheats is underway through CIMMYT intemational yield trials and screening nurseries. It is expected that several wheat varieties with APR to three rusts will be released and grown in various countries in the near-future that will allow determining the durability o

关键词： Triticum aestivum Puccinia graminis Puccinia triticina Puccinia striiformis genetics breeding wheat rustresistance

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Plasmonic metasurfaces with 42.3% transmission efficiency in the visible

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 711-723页

作者： Jihua Zhang Mohamed ElKabbash Ran Wei Subhash CSingh billy Lam Chunlei Guo The Institute of Optics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanicsand PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences130033 ChangchunChina

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional nanoantenna arrays that can control the propagation of light at *** particular,plasmonic metasurfaces feature ultrathin thicknesses,ease of fabrication,field confinement beyond the diffraction limit,superior nonlinear properties,and ultrafast ***,the technological relevance of plasmonic metasurfaces operating in the transmission mode at optical frequencies is questionable due to their limited *** state-of-the-art efficiency of geometric plasmonic metasurfaces at visible and near-infrared frequencies,for example,is ≤10%.Here,we report a multipole-interference-based transmission-type geometric plasmonic metasurface with a polarization conversion efficiency that reaches 42.3% at 744 nm,over 400% increase over the state of the *** efficiency is augmented by breaking the scattering symmetry due to simultaneously approaching the generalized Kerker condition for two orthogonal *** addition,the design of the metasurface proposed in this study introduces an air gap between the antennas and the surrounding media that confines the field within the gap,which mitigates the crosstalk between meta-atoms and minimizes metallic *** proposed metasurface is broadband,versatile,easy to fabricate,and highly tolerant to fabrication *** highlight the technological relevance of our plasmonic metasurface by demonstrating a transmission-type beam deflector and hologram with record efficiencies.

关键词： visible surfaces approaching

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Structural basis for the inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease by the anti-HCV drug narlaprevir

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第3期6卷 584-586页

作者： Yu Bai Fei Ye Yong Feng Hanyi Liao Hao Song Jianxun Qi George Fu Gao Wenjie Tan Lifeng Fu Yi Shi Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety National Institute for Viral Disease Control&PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionChina CDCBeijing 102206China Research Network of Immunity and Health(RNIH) Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning(CASCIRE) CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Disease(CEEID)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Dear Editor,The second wave of the coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic has recently appeared in *** European countries,such as France,Germany,and Italy,have announced the implementation of a new round of epidemic prevention and control ***,no clinical drug or vaccine has been approved for the treatment of *** interim results of the solidarity therapy trial coordinated by the World Health Organization(WHO)indicated that remdesivir,hydroxychloroquine,lopina-vir/ritonavir,and interferon appear to have little or no effect on the 28-day mortality of hospitalized patients or the hospitalization process of new COVID-19 ***,there is an urgent need to develop new drugs against COVID-19.

关键词： prevention drug drugs

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Understanding source-sink interactions: Progress in model plants and translational research to crops

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Molecular Plant 2023年第1期16卷 96-121页

作者： Laise Rosado-Souza Ryo Yokoyama Uwe Sonnewald Alisdair R.Fernie Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany Department of Biochemistry University of Erlangen-NurembergStaudtstrasse 591058 ErlangenGermany

Agriculture is facing a massive increase in demand per hectare as a result of an ever-expanding population and environmental *** we have learned much about how environmental conditions and diseases impact crop yield,until recently considerably less was known concerning endogenous factors,including within-plant nutrient *** this review,we discuss studies of source-sink interactions covering both fundamental research in model systems under controlled growth conditions and how the findings are being translated to crop plants in the *** this respect we detail efforts aimed at improving and/or combining C3,C4,and CAM modes of photosynthesis,altering the chloroplastic electron transport chain,modulating photorespiration,adopting bacterial/algal carbon-concentrating mechanisms,and enhancing nitrogen-and water-use ***,we discuss how modulating TCA cycle activities and primary metabolism can result in increased rates of photosynthesis and outline the opportunities that evaluating natural variation in photosynthesis may *** source,transport,and sink functions are all covered in this review,we focus on discussing source functions because the majority of research has been conducted in this ***,considerable recent evidence,alongside the evidence from classical studies,demonstrates that both transport and sink functions are also incredibly important determinants of *** thus describe recent evidence supporting this notion and suggest that future strategies for yield improvement should focus on combining improvements in each of these steps to approach yield optimization.

关键词： photosynthesis assimilate transport nitrogen-use efficiency water-use efficiency source-sink natural variance transgenic intervention

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