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Between plaza and peak: a montological perspective on verticality and urbanization in highland Peru

Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第10期20卷 2783-2803页

作者： Andreas HALLER Domenico BRANCA Deyvis CANO Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research Austrian Academy of SciencesInnsbruck 6020Austria Department of Humanities and Social Sciences University of SassariSassari 07100Italy Programa Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental Universidad de HuánucoHudnuco 10001Peru

Under the influence of concentrated and extended urbanization,Andean cities and the different altitudinal zones of their“hinterlands”are experiencing profound changes in land cover—from the central plazas up to the highest *** complex regional-geographic characteristics of these socioecological systems,such as the vertical complementarity of land use,require a montological perspective on verticality and urbanization:it transcends disciplinary approaches and can be crucial to properly interpret the trajectories of land cover change and formulate hypotheses for future practiceoriented *** trajectories of land cover change characterized altitudinal zones of Andean cities and their surroundings over the last three decades?Are there similarities that allow for the formulation of more general hypotheses?Using the Peruvian cases of Cusco and Huaraz,and combining a traditional altitudinal zonation model of land use in Peru with direct field observations and GIS-based analyses of remotely sensed data from 1991,2001,2011,and 2021,this study identifies the main trajectories of land cover change in the Quechua(>2300–3500 m),Suni(>3500–4000 m),and Puna(>4000–4800 m)regions—and finds insightful similarities between Cusco and Huaraz:(1)an impressive area of built-up land substitutes grassland in the Quechua,which,following regional altitudinal zonation models,is characterized by irrigated and rain-fed cropland;(2)an unexpected expansion of irrigated cropland takes place in the Suni,which,in theory,often lacks irrigation infrastructure and is mostly used for rain-fed tuber cultivation;and(3)a clear change from“other land”to grassland occurs in the Puna—where grassland is thought to predominate,anyway,since pre-Hispanic *** that these changes reflect the interplay between speculative fallow,agricultural intensification,and ecological restoration,the results can be read as vertically complementary,local manifestations of concentrated and extended urba

关键词： Mountain cities Mountain agriculture Land use change Land cover change Rural-urban linkages Montology

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Depletion of BBS Protein LZTFL1 Affects Growth and Causes Retinal Degeneration in Mice

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第6期43卷 381-391页

作者： Jiangsong Jiang Kanyarat Promchan Hong Jiang Parirokh Awasthi Heather Marshall Adam Harned Ven Natarajan Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology Leidos Biomedical ResearchInc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMD 21702USA Transgenic Mouse Model Laboratory Leidos Biomedical ResearchInc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMD 21702USA Electron Microscopy Laboratory Leidos Biomedical ResearehInc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMD 21702USA

Bardet-Biedl syndrome（BBS） is a heterogeneous disease characterized by deficiencies in various organs that are caused by defects in genes involved in the genesis, structural maintenance, and protein trafficking of cilia. Leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1（LZTFL1）has been identified as a BBS protein（BBS17）, because patients with mutations in this gene exhibit the common BBS phenotypes. In this study, we generated a knockout mouse model to investigate the effects of LZTFL1 depletion. Lztfl1 knockout mice were born with low birth weight, reached similar weight to those of wild-type mice at 10 weeks of age, and later gained more weight than their wild-type counterparts. LZTFL1 was localized to the primary cilium of kidney cells, and the absence of LZTFL1 increased the ciliary localization of BBS9. Moreover, in the retinas of Lztfl1 knockout mice, the photoreceptor outer segment was shortened, the distal axoneme of photoreceptor connecting cilium was significantly enlarged, and rhodopsin was targeted to the outer nuclear layer. TUNEL assay showed that many of these abnormal photoreceptor cells in Lztfl1 knockout mice underwent apoptosis. Interestingly, the absence of LZTFL1 caused an abnormal increase of the adaptor protein complex 1（AP1） in some photoreceptor cells. Based on these data, we conclude that LZTFL1 is a cilium protein and regulates animal weight and photoreceptor connecting cilium function probably by controlling microtubule assembly and protein trafficking in cilia.

关键词： LZTFL1 Cilium BBSome BBS17 Retina AP-1

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Verifiable Badging System for scientific data reproducibility

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2021年第2期2卷 68-81页

作者： Swapna Krishnakumar Radha Ian Taylor Jarek Nabrzyski Iain Barclay Center for Research Computing University of Notre DameIN46556USA School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff UniversityCardiffWalesCF103ATUK

Reproducibility can be considered as one of the basic requirements to ensure that a given research finding is accurate and *** paper presents a new layered approach that allows scientific researchers to provide a)data to fellow researchers to validate research and b)proofs of research quality to funding agencies,without revealing sensitive details associated with the *** conclude that by integrating smart contracts,blockchain technology,and self-sovereign identity into an automated system,it is possible to assert the quality of scientific materials and validate the peer review process without the need of a central authority.

关键词： Blockchain technology Self-sovereign identity Decentralized identifiers Verifiable credentials Smart contracts

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Human Monoclonal Antibodies as Candidate Therapeutics Against Emerging Viruses and HIV-1

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Virologica Sinica 2013年第2期28卷 71-80页

作者： Zhongyu Zhu Ponraj Prabakaran Weizao Chen Christopher C.Broder Rui Gong Dimiter S.Dimitrov Protein Interactions Group National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Basic Research Program Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick Inc. Department of Microbiology and Immunology Uniformed Services University Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences

More than 40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved for a number of disease indications with only one of these (Synagis) - for a viral disease, and not for therapy but for prevention. However, in the last decade novel potent mAbs have been discovered and characterized with potential as therapeutics against viruses of major importance for public health and biosecurity including Hendra virus (HeV), Nipah virus (NiV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Ebola virus (EBOV), West Nile virus (WNV), influenza virus (IFV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here, we review such mAbs with an emphasis on antibodies of human origin, and highlight recent results as well as technologies and mechanisms related to their potential as therapeutics.

关键词： Antibodies Viruses SARS-CoV Hendra virus Nipah Virus

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Impact of an innovative financing and payment model on tuberculosis patients'financial burden:is tuberculosis care more affordable for the poor?

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第2期8卷 43-52页

作者： Wei-Xi Jiang Qian Long Henry Lucas Di Dong Jia-Ying Chen Li Xiang Qiang Li Fei Huang Hong Wang Chris Elbers Frank Cobelens Sheng-Lan Tang Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshan 215316JiangsuChina Institute of Development Studies University of SussexBrighton BN19REUK School of Policy&Management Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166JiangsuChina Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030HubeiChina School of Public Health Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710061ShaanxiChina National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention China CDCBeijing 102206China Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation SeattleWAUSA Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam 1081HVthe Netherlands The Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development Amsterdam 1105BPthe Netherlands Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27710USA

Background:In response to the high financial burden of health services facing tuberculosis(TB)patients in China,the China-Gates TB project,PhaseⅡ,has implemented a new financing and payment model as an important component of the overall project in three cities in eastern,central and western *** model focuses on increasing the reimbursement rate for TB patients and reforming provider payment methods by replacing fee-for-service with a case-based payment *** study investigated changes in out-of-pocket(OOP)health expenditure and the financial burden on TB patients before and after the interventions,with a focus on potential differential impacts on patients from different income ***:Three sample counties in each of the three prefectures:Zhenjiang,Yichang and Hanzhong were chosen as study *** patients who started and completed treatment before,and during the intervention period,were randomly sampled and surveyed at the baseline in 2013 and final evaluation in 2015 *** health expenditure and percentage of patients incurring catastrophic health expenditure(CHE)were calculated for different income *** regression and Iogit regression were conducted to explore the intervention's impacts on patient OOP health expenditure and financial burden after adjusting for other ***-informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to understand the reasons for any observed ***:Data from 738(baseline)and 735(evaluation)patients were available for *** mean OOP health expenditure increased from RMB 3576 to RMB 5791,and the percentage of patients incurring CHE also increased after *** percentage increase in OOP health expenditure and the likelihood of incurring CHE were significantly lower for patients from the highest income group as compared to the *** findings indicated that increased use of health services not covered by the standard package of the model was l

关键词： Health insurance Tuberculosis Financing and payment model Case-based payment

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A new precision medicine initiative at the dawn of exascale computing

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第2期6卷 215-222页

作者： Ruth Nussinov Hyunbum Jang Guy Nir Chung-Jung Tsai Feixiong Cheng Computational Structural Biology Section Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer ImmunometabolismNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMD 21702USA Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel Department of Genetics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Genomic Medicine Institute Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44195USA

Which signaling pathway and protein to selea to mitigate the patient's expected drug resistance?The number of possibilities facing the physician is massive,and the drug combination should fit the patient ***,we briefly review current approaches and data and map an innovative patient-specific strategy to forecast drug resistance targets that centers on parallel(or redundant)proliferation pathways in specialized *** considers the availability of each protein in each pathway in the specific cell,its activating mutations,and the chromatin accessibility of its encoding *** construction of the resulting Proliferation Pathway Network Atlas will harness the emerging exascale computing and advanced artificial intelligence(Al)methods for therapeutic *** the resulting set of targets,pathways,and proteins,with current strategies will augment the choice for the attending physicians to thwart resistance.

关键词： computing Atlas artificial

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Positive effects of tree species richness on fine-root production in a subtropical forest in SE-China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 146-157页

作者： Zhenkai Sun Xiaojuan Liu Bernhard Schmid Helge Bruelheide Wensheng Bu Keping Ma State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.19 Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstr.1908057 ZürichSwitzerland Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106120 HalleGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany

Aims Fine roots play an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems and are vital for understanding forest ecosystem functioning and *** plant species diversity has been largely reported to increase aboveground community biomass,but how biodiversity affects fine-root production and the related mechanisms in forests remain *** this study,we aim to answer two questions:(i)does fine-root production increase with tree species richness?(ii)Can this effect be explained by niche complementarity among species?Methods We analyzed data from a large forest biodiversity experiment(BEF-China)with 5-year-old ***-root growth was measured as standing biomass and annual fine-root regrowth was estimated using ingrowth ***,relative yield was calculated to test whether over-or under-yielding occurred when mixtures were compared with the average monoculture of the species included in the *** calculated functional diversity for fine-root(≤2 mm in diameter)traits by Rao’s quadratic entropy index for each species *** effects of manipulated tree species richness and identity on fine-root traits were analyzed with linear mixed-effects *** models were also used to test the relationships between tree species richness and fine-root standing biomass,annual regrowth and vertical *** Findings Fine roots of more than one species were found in half of the soil cores in mixtures indicating that belowground interactions in these young forest stands occurred much earlier than canopy *** found significant differences among species in fine-root traits such as diameter and specific root length(SRL),which suggested different resource-use strategies and niche partitioning among *** fine-root diameter of species ranged from 0.31 to 0.74 mm,mean SRL ranged from 12.43 m·g^(−1)to 70.22 m·g^(−1)and mean vertical distribution indexβranged from 0.68 to *** was a significant positive re

关键词： Biodiversity fine-root biomass fine-root regrowth niche complementarity over-yielding

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Correlative CD4 and CD8 T-cell immunodominance in humans and mice:Implications for preclinical testing

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第11期20卷 1328-1338页

作者： Tertuliano Alves Pereira Neto John Sidney Alba Grifoni Alessandro Sette Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research La Jolla Institute for Immunology(LJI)La JollaCA92037USA Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA92037USA

Antigen-specific T-cell recognition is restricted by Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC)molecules,and differences between CD4 and CD8 immunogenicity in humans and animal species used in preclinical vaccine testing are yet to be fully *** this study,we addressed this matter by analyzing experimentally identified epitopes based on published data curated in the Immune Epitopes DataBase(IEDB)*** first analyzed SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)and nucleoprotein(N),which are two common targets of the immune response and well studied in both human and mouse *** observed a weak but statistically significant correlation between human and H-2^(b)mouse T-cell responses(CD8 S specific(r=0.206,p=1.37×10^(−13));CD4 S specific(r=0.118,p=2.63×10^(−5))and N specific(r=0.179,p=2.55×10^(−4))).Due to intrinsic differences in MHC molecules across species,we also investigated the association between the immunodominance of common Human Leukocyte Antigen(HLA)alleles for which HLA transgenic mice are available,namely,A*02:01,B*07:02,DRB1*01:01,and DRB1*04:01,and found higher significant correlations for both CD8 and CD4(maximum r=0.702,p=1.36×10^(−31)and r=0.594,p=3.04−122,respectively).Our results further indicated that some regions are commonly immunogenic between humans and mice(either H-2^(b)or HLA transgenic)but that others are human ***,we noted a significant correlation between CD8 and CD4 S-(r=0.258,p=7.33×10^(21))and N-specific(r=0.369,p=2.43×10^(14))responses,suggesting that discrete protein subregions can be simultaneously recognized by T *** findings were confirmed in other viral systems,providing general guidance for the use of murine models to test T-cell immunogenicity of viral antigens destined for human use.

关键词： T cells SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Animal testing HLA

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Isolated intrahepatic mass after abdominal trauma

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第5期12卷 822-823页

作者： Binglin Lai Jianping Zhong Department of Medical Imaging Ganzhou People’s HospitalThe Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang UniversityGanzhouChina

A 50-year-old male patient visited the hospital for consultation after a liver mass was detected during an ultrasound *** had a previously good health condition and had no prior viral hepatitis or other chronic liver ... 详细信息

关键词： liver trauma after

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Motor cortical circuit adaptations in parkinsonism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2107-2108页

作者： Hong-Yuan Chu Department of Neurodegenerative Science Van Andel Research InstituteGrand RapidsMIUSA Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s(ASAP)Collaborative Research Network

Parkinson's disease is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta,which leads to the featured motor impairment of parki... 详细信息

关键词： parkin impairment rigidity

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