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Quantification of changes in zero valent iron morphology using X-ray computed tomography

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第11期25卷 2344-2351页

作者： Ping Luo Elizabeth H.Bailey Sacha J.Mooney Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington CampusSutton Bonington

Morphological changes within the porous architecture of laboratory scale zero valent iron （ZVI） permeable reactive barriers （PRBs）, after exposure to different groundwater conditions, have been quantified experimentally for different ZVI/sand ratios （10%, 50% and 100%, W/W） with the aim of inferring porosity changes in field barriers. Column studies were conducted to simulate interaction with different water chemistries, a synthetic groundwater, acidic drainage and deionised （DI） water as control. Morphological changes, in terms of pore size and distribution, were measured using X-ray computed tomography （CT）. CT image analysis revealed significant morphological changes in columns treated with different water chemistries. For example, 100% ZVI （W/W） columns had a higher frequency of small pores （0.6 mm） was observed in ZVI grains reacted with typical groundwater, resulting in a porosity of 27%, compared to 32% when exposed to DI water. In comparison, ZVI grains treated with the acidic drainage had higher porosity （44%） and larger average pore size （2.8 mm）. 10% ZVI PRB barrier material had the highest mean porosity （56%） after exposure to any water chemistry whilst 100% ZVI （W/W） columns always had the lowest （34%） with the 50% ZVI （W/W） in between （40%）. These results agree with previously published PRB field data and simultaneously conducted geochemical monitoring and mass balance calculation, indicating that both the geochemical and hydraulic environment of the PRB play an important role in determining barrier lifespan. This study suggests that X-ray CT image analysis is a powerful tool for studying the detailed inter pores between ZVI grains within PRBs.

关键词： porosity change X-ray computer tomography mass balance permeable reactive barrier zero valent iron acidic drainage typical groundwater pore-clogging

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Preparation of ultrahigh surface area porous carbons templated using zeolite 13X for enhanced hydrogen storage

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第3期23卷 308-316页

作者： Eric Masika Robert Mokaya School of Chemistry University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG7 2RDUK

In this report,the use of zeolite 13X as a template to generate ultrahigh surface area carbons,via a two-step process combining liquid impregnation and chemical vapour deposition is *** first step in the nanocasting process involves impregnation of zeolite 13X with furfuryl alcohol and the second step consists of chemical vapour deposition(CVD) of ethylene at 700 ***-like structural ordering was achieved for zeolite templated carbons(ZTCs) prepared at variable heating ramp rates of 5,10 or 15 1C/*** textural properties of ZTCs prepared at all heating ramp rates were comparable with small variations in which the lowest ramp rate(5 1C/min) generated ZTC with highest surface area and pore volume of 3332 m 2 /g and 1.66 cm 3 /g *** carbon materials achieved a remarkable hydrogen uptake of 7.3 wt% at 20 bar and 77 K which is the highest ever recorded for carbon *** report also explores the mechanical stability of the ZTCs via compaction at up to 10t(equivalent to 740 MPa) in which the compacted samples showed minimal modification and retained high hydrogen storage capacity.

关键词： Hydrogen storage Zeolite templated carbon Zeolite 13X High surface area Micropores

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How do corticosteroids influence myelin genesis in the central nervous system?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第9期9卷 909-911页

作者： Divya M. Chari Cellular and Neural Engineering Group Institute for Science and Tech-nology in Medicine School of Medicine Keele University

Clinical use of corticosteroid （CS） therapy and links with adverse neurological effects CS therapy is widely used in clinical practice worldwide, with ad- ministration of high and multiple doses prescribed for a range of disease and injury. Notably, CS have been used since the 1950＇s for the treatment of suspected respiratory distress syndrome, in order to accelerate lung maturation in premature babies, as also in antenatal therapy to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth （Haddad et al., 1956; Shinwell and Eventov-Friedman, 2009; Bonanno and Wapner, 2012）. High dose immunosuppressive CS therapy is also widely used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis （MS） and spinal cord injury （Bracken, 2012; Burton et al., 2012）. However,

关键词： How do corticosteroids influence myelin genesis in the central nervous system CS

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DNP NMR reveals the hidden surface C–C bond growth mechanism over ZnAlO_(x) during syngas conversion

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第4期31卷 640-644页

作者： Pan Gao Dong Xiao Zhenchao Zhao Subhradip Paul Frédéric Blanc Xiuwen Han Guangjin Hou Xinhe Bao State Key Laboratory of Catalysis National Laboratory for Clean Energy2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian 116023LiaoningChina DNP MAS NMR Facility Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging CentreUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUnited Kingdom Department of Chemistry University of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpool L697ZDUnited Kingdom Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy University of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpool L697ZDUnited Kingdom

Direct catalytic transformation of syngas(CO/H_(2)) into high value-added hydrocarbons has been one of the most attractive,yet challenging issues in C1 chemistry. In recent years, the concept of oxide-zeolite(OXZEO) bifunctional catalysis has emerged and spurred renewed enthusiasm in this field [1,2]. This method describes the use of selected oxide-zeolite-based composite catalysts for the direct syngas-to-hydrocarbons conversion.

关键词： zeolite hydrocarbons syngas

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The plant N-degron pathways of ubiquitinmediated proteolysis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第1期62卷 70-89页

作者： Michael John Holdsworth Jorge Vicente Gunjan Sharma Mohamad Abbas Agata Zubrycka School of Biosciences University of Nottingham

The amino-terminal residue of a protein(or amino-terminus of a peptide following protease cleavage)can be an important determinant of its stability,through the Ubiquitin Proteasome System associated N-degron *** contain a unique combination of N-degron pathways(previously called the N-end rule pathways)E3 ligases,PROTEOLYSIS(PRT)6 and PRT1,recognizing non-overlapping sets of amino-terminal residues,and others remain to be *** only very few substrates of PRT1 or PRT6 have been identified,substrates of the oxygen and nitric oxide sensing branch of the PRT6 N-degron pathway include key nuclear-located transcription factors(ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR VIIs and LITTLE ZIPPER 2)and the histone-modifying Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 component VERNALIZATION *** response to reduced oxygen or nitric oxide levels(and other mechanisms that reduce pathway activity)these stabilized substrates regulate diverse aspects of growth and development,including response to flooding,salinity,vernalization(cold-induced flowering)and shoot apical meristem *** N-degron pathways show great promise for use in the improvement of crop performance and for biotechnological *** proteases,components of the different pathways and associated substrates still remain to be identified and characterized to fully appreciate how regulation of protein stability through the amino-terminal residue impacts plant biology.

关键词： stability residue cleavage

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Big Data to support sustainable urban energy planning:The EvoEnergy project

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2020年第2期7卷 287-300页

作者： Moulay Larbi CHALAL Benachir MEDJDOUB Nacer BEZAI Raid SHRAHILY School of Architecture Designand the Built EnvironmentNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK

Energy sustainability is a complex problem that needs to be tackled holistically by equally addressing other aspects such as socio-economic to meet the strict CO emission *** paper builds upon our previous work on the effect of household transition on residential energy consumption where we developed a 3D urban energy prediction system(EvoEnergy)using the old UK panel data survey,namely,the British household panel data survey(BHPS).In particular,the aim of the present study is to examine the validity and reliability of EvoEnergy under the new UK household longitudinal study(UKHLS)launched in *** achieve this aim,the household transition and energy prediction modules of EvoEnergy have been tested under both data sets using various statistical techniques such as Chow *** analysis of the results advised that EvoEnergy remains a reliable prediction system and had a good prediction accuracy(MAPE;5%)when compared to actual energy performance certificate *** this premise,we recommend researchers,who are working on data-driven energy consumption forecasting,to consider merging the BHPS and UKHLS data *** will,in turn,enable them to capture the bigger picture of different energy phenomena such as fuel poverty;consequently,anticipate problems with policy prior to their ***,the paper concludes by discussing two scenarios of EvoEnergy development in relation to energy policy and decision-making.

关键词： urban energy planning sustainable planning Big Data household transition energy prediction

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Addressing the Challenge of Interpreting Microclimatic Weather Data Collected from Urban Sites

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2013年第5期1卷 7-15页

作者： L.Bourikas T.Shen P.A.B.James D.H.C.Chow M.F.Jentsch J.Darkwa A.S.Bahaj Sustainable Energy Research Group(SERG) University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies(CSET) University of NottinghamNingboChina Urban Energy Systems Bauhaus-UniversitatWeimarGermany

This paper presents some installation and data analysis issues from an ongoing urban air temperature and humidity measurement campaign in Hangzhou and Ningbo, China. The location of the measurement sites, the positioning of the sensors and the harsh conditions in an urban environment can result in missing values and observations that are unrepresentative of the local urban microclimate. Missing data and erroneous values in micro-scale weather time series can produce bias in the data analysis, false correlations and wrong conclusions when deriving the specific local weather patterns. A methodology is presented for the identification of values that could be false and for determining whether these are “noise”. Seven statistical methods were evaluated in their performance for replacing missing and erroneous values in urban weather time series. The two methods that proposed replacement with the mean values from sensors in locations with a Sky View Factor similar to that of the target sensor and the sensors closest to the target’s location performed well for all Day-Night and Cold-Warm days scenarios. However, during night time in warm weather the replacement with the mean values for air temperature of the nearest locations outperformed all other methods. The results give some initial evidence of the distinctive urban microclimate development in time and space under different regional weather forcings.

关键词： Urban Microclimate Observations Installation Challenges Weather Data Time Series Analysis Missing Data

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Exploration on Research Methods for Exploring Human Response to Luminous Environment with Chromogenic Windows Applied

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Journal of Electronic Research and Application 2021年第3期5卷 34-39页

作者： Runqi Liang Yupeng Wu Jiawei Yao Yongming Zhang College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Architecture and Built Environment University of NottinghamNottingham NG72 RDUK Sino-German Institute of Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092China

Chromogenic windows enable both energy-saving and daylighting ***,the human response to the luminous environment affected by them is difficult to test,since their features of dynamic change and tinting *** study explores the research methods,including experimental design and statistical analysis,by literature review and an experiment *** results show that a proper size of the test room is significant to obtain desired data,and the advanced VR technologies have the potential to be applied for testing these dynamic *** approaches are recommended to be tried and get more accurate interference about the experimental results.

关键词： Chromogenic windows Building luminous environment Human response Statistical analysis Experimental design

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在 7T 的多原子的磁性的回声光谱学的应用

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World Journal of Radiology 2011年第4期3卷 105-113页

作者： Mary C Stephenson Frances Gunner Antonio Napolitano Paul L Greenhaff Ian A MacDonald Nadeem Saeed William Vennart Susan T Francis Peter G Morris The Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Nottingham School of Biomedical Sciences University of Nottingham Medical School Academic Radiology University of Nottingham Molecular Medicine PfizerSandwich

AIM: To discuss the advantages of ultra-high field (7T) for 1H and 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of *** at both 3 and 7T using 1H MRS. Measurements of glycogen and lipids in muscle were measured using 13C and 1H MRS respectively. RESULTS: In the brain, increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dispersion allows spectral separation of the amino-acids glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), without the need for sophisticated editing sequences. Improved quantification of these me-tabolites is demonstrated at 7T relative to 3T. SNR was 36% higher, and measurement repeatability (% coefficients of variation) was 4%, 10% and 10% at 7T, vs 8%, 29% and 21% at 3T for glutamate, glutamine and GABA respectively. Measurements at 7T were used to compare metabolite levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula. Creatine and glutamate levels were found to be significantly higher in the insula compared to the ACC (P < 0.05). In muscle, the increased SNR and spectral resolution at 7T enables interleaved studies of glycogen (13C) and intra-myocellular lipid (IMCL) and extra-myocellular lipid (EMCL) (1H) following exercise and refeeding. Glycogen levels were sig-nificantly decreased following exercise (-28% at 50% VO2 max; -58% at 75% VO2 max). Interestingly, levels of glycogen in the hamstrings followed those in the quadriceps, despite reduce exercise loading. No changes in IMCL and EMCL were found in the study. CONCLUSION: The demonstrated improvements in brain and muscle MRS measurements at 7T will increase the potential for use in investigating human metabolism and changes due to pathologies.

关键词： Magnetic resonance spectroscopy 13C 1H 7 Tesla Glutamate Glutamine γ-aminobutyric acid

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