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Chemical and Electrochemical Characterization of Artifi cial Sulphate Patina on Bronze

Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2014年第3期29卷 585-589页

作者：毛样武 NIE Dunwei MOMBELLO Domenico Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials of Hubei Province Wuhan Institute of Technology Department of Applied Science and Technology Politecnico di TorinoTorino 10129 Italy

Copper patinas are generally regarded as aesthetically pleasing and are supposed to protect copper against further corrosion. The preparation of artificial sulphate patina on bronzes has been realized by immersing the bronze into CuSO4 solution. The effect of immersion time on the formation of the patina has been investigated. The sulphate patina obtained with immersion time of 500 h in CuSO4 solution consists of fiat area and crystals. The flat area in the patina is mainly made of cuprite, whereas the crystals are mainly composed of brochantite. The electrochemical measurement of sulphate patina in simulated acid rain with pH 3.1 shows that the protective effectiveness of patina decreases with time and the dissolution of patina is the key factor leading to the degradation of patina. The investigation of the formation mechanism of sulphate patina shows that the cuprite layer forms on the surface of bronze in the initial patination. Then, crystal brochantite grows on the surface of cuprite by the oxidation of cuprite and the incorporation of CuSO4 solution.

关键词： artificial sulphate patina bronze electrochemical characterization

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Performance of a small-scale chipper for professional rural contractors

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Forestry Studies in China 2013年第3期15卷 206-213页

作者： Raffaele SPINELLI Natascia MAGAGNOTTI CNR IVALSA Via Madonna del Piano 10 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI)Italy CNR IVALSA Via Biasi 75 S. Michele all’Adige (TN)Italy

The study determined the productivity, fuel consumption and product quality obtained with a new tractor OWered drum chipper, designed to reduce the gap between industrial chippers and small-scale chippers. The machine as tested with poplar logs and beech slabs, considered as representative of the raw material commonly used for ergy wood production. After accounting for accessory work and delays, productivity of green chips ranged between and 6 tons per scheduled machine hour, which was very good for a tractor-powered unit. Specific fuel consumption f oven-dry chips varied between 2.5 and 3.0 L per ton, or 0.6 L per m_3. These figures compared favourably with those btained from previous studies of both smaller and bigger chippers. Chip quality was very good. Samples contained no versize particles, qualifying for use in small-scale plants. The average size of beech chips was significantly larger than r poplar chips, possibly due to the higher strength of beech wood.

关键词： biomass energy fuel consumption productivity

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Color variation in signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 35-43页

作者： Roberto SACCHI Stefania CANCIAN Daniela GHIA Gianluca FEA Alan COLADONATO Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente Universita degli Studi di PaviaViale Tarameli 24Pavia1-27100Italy

External coloration in animals depends on the interaction of several different factors including the genetics and epigenetics processes that underlie the color expression,the mechanisms of color perception,and the general mechanisms controlling color evolution and *** all,camouflages from predators and conspicuousness are of particular interest because pose animal to choose between opposite adjustment in *** external coloration of crustaceans is mainly due to the accumulation of carotenoids in the exoskeleton and the epidermal layer,and the trade-off between camouflage and communication had led to a variety of responses,involving signal partitioning,spectral sensibility,changing coloration,or signaling ***,we used digital images to explore intrapopulation variability of the external coloration of Pacifastacus leniusculus among body regions within an individual and between *** found that 1)ventral coloration of claws are more saturated and brilliant than upper parts,2)males express a more saturated and brightness coloration than females,especially on the lower portion of claws,3)color intensity and brightness increases with size differently in different body regions,and 4)brightness is more variable in males than in *** the above patterns support the hypothesis that color in this species could be the result of a compromise between camouflage from predators and conspicuousness for *** results of this study suggest that carotenoid might have something to do with intraspecific communication and perform more complex functions than that of a simple pigment.

关键词： crayfish external coloration HSV individual variation sexual dimorphism

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具有不确定参数的温度传感器的动态相对校准(英文)

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中国科学技术大学学报 2012年第5期42卷 345-356页

作者： Canuto Enrico Ospina José A Acuna-Bravo Wilber 都灵理工大学自动化与电子信息科学系意大利都灵10129

存在动态偏差情况下的传感器校准,与多个传感器的相对校准类似.实现相对校准对许多控制问题都很重要,比如需要产生精确温度梯度的问题、保持均匀与稳定温度场的问题.本文以温度传感器为例,对静态(稳态)校准与动态校准从理论和实验两个... 详细信息

存在动态偏差情况下的传感器校准,与多个传感器的相对校准类似.实现相对校准对许多控制问题都很重要,比如需要产生精确温度梯度的问题、保持均匀与稳定温度场的问题.本文以温度传感器为例,对静态(稳态)校准与动态校准从理论和实验两个角度进行了对比.动态校准的一个优势是其适用于任何测量数据,但其需要建立一个测量仪器的动态模型.尽管本文只研究了一个由三个传感器构成的简单设备,但其结果也适用于更复杂的情况.这正是因为动态校准的另一个显著优势,即其能在任何设备上进行校准,校准的一个前提是所用的动态模型与传感器具有相同的阶次.本文证明了可辨识性(可校准性)条件,并通过以迭代方式求解一个非线性加权最小二乘问题,实现了校准.对解的收敛性、一致性和渐近效率,不但给予了理论证明,且通过蒙特卡罗模拟实验进行了验证.

关键词：相对校准系统辨识加权最小二乘温度传感器

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