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The deterministic condition for the ground reaction force acting point on the combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation moments in early phase of cutting maneuvers in female athletes

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 376-386页

作者： Issei Ogasawara Ken Ohta Gajanan S.Revankar Shoji Konda Yohei Shimokochi Hideyuki Koga Ken Nakata Department of Health and Sport Sciences Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityToyonaka 560-0043Japan Sports Sensing Co. LTD.Fukuoka 815-0035Japan Department of Neurology Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuita 565-0871Japan Department of Health and Sport Management Osaka University of Health and Sport SciencesSennan-gun 590-0496Japan Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo-ku 113-8519Japan

Background:Combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation(VL+IR)moments have been shown to stress the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)in several in vitro cadaveric studies.To utilize this knowledge for non-contact ACL injury prevention in sports,it is necessary to elucidate how the ground reaction force(GRF)acting point(center of pressure(CoP))in the stance foot produces combined knee VL+IR moments in risky maneuvers,such as cuttings.However,the effects of the GRF acting point on the development of the combined knee VL+IR moment in cutting are still unknown.Methods:We first established the deterministic mechanical condition that the CoP position relative to the tibial rotational axis differentiates the GRF vector’s directional probability for developing the combined knee VL+IR moment,and theoretically predicted that when the CoP is posterior to the tibial rotational axis,the GRF vector is more likely to produce the combined knee VL+IR moment than when the CoP is anterior to the tibial rotational axis.Then,we tested a stochastic aspect of our theory in a lab-controlled in vivo experiment.Fourteen females performed 60˚cutting under forefoot/rearfoot strike conditions(10 trials each).The positions of lower limb markers and GRF data were measured,and the knee moment due to GRF vector was calculated.The trials were divided into anterior-and posterior-CoP groups depending on the CoP position relative to the tibial rotational axis at each 10 ms interval from 0 to 100 ms after foot strike,and the occurrence rate of the combined knee VL+IR moment was compared between trial groups.Results:The posterior-CoP group showed significantly higher occurrence rates of the combined knee VL+IR moment(maximum of 82.8%)at every time point than those of the anterior-CoP trials,as theoretically predicted by the deterministic mechanical condition.Conclusion:The rearfoot strikes inducing the posterior CoP should be avoided to reduce the risk of non-contact ACL injury associated with the combined knee VL+IR stress.

关键词： Center of pressure Deterministic condition Foot strike pattern Injury mechanism Moment of ground reaction force

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TonEBP expression is essential in the IL-1β–induced migration and invasion of human A549 lung cancer cells

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Oncology Research 2024年第1期32卷 151-161页

作者： HEE JU SONG TAEHEE KIM HAN NA CHOI SOO JIN KIM SANG DO LEE Department of Physiology School of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeon35015Korea

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancers,in part because it readily metastasizes.The tumor microenvironment,comprising blood vessels,fibroblasts,immune cells,and macrophages[including tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)],is closely related to cancer cell growth,migration,and invasion.TAMs secrete several cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-1β,which participate in cancer migration and invasion.p21-activated kinase 1(PAK1),an important signaling molecule,induces cell migration and invasion in several carcinomas.Tonicityresponsive enhancer-binding protein(TonEBP)is also known to participate in cancer cell growth,migration,and invasion.However,the mechanisms by which it increases lung cancer migration remain unclear.Therefore,in this study,we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which IL-1βand TonEBP affect lung cancer cell migration and invasion.We found that A549 cocultured-MΦ-secreted IL-1βinduced A549 cell migration and invasion via the PAK1 pathway.TonEBP deficiency reduced A549 cell migration and invasion and increased responsiveness to IL-1β–induced migration and invasion.PAK1 phosphorylation,which was promoted by IL-1β,was reduced when TonEBP was depleted.These results suggest that TonEBP plays an important role in IL-1βinduction and invasiveness of A549 cells via the PAK1 pathway.These findings could be valuable in identifying potential targets for lung cancer treatment.

关键词： Lung cancer TonEBP Tumor microenvironment Tumor-associated macrophage IL-1β

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Hydrogels for active photonics

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 1-16页

作者： Byoungsu Ko Nara Jeon Jaekyung Kim Hyunjung Kang Junhwa Seong Suhyeon Yun Trevon Badloe Junsuk Rho Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Conventional photonic devices exhibit static optical properties that are design-dependent,including the material’s refractive index and geometrical parameters.However,they still possess attractive optical responses for applications and are already exploited in devices across various fields.Hydrogel photonics has emerged as a promising solution in the field of active photonics by providing primarily deformable geometric parameters in response to external stimuli.Over the past few years,various studies have been undertaken to attain stimuli-responsive photonic devices with tunable optical properties.Herein,we focus on the recent advancements in hydrogel-based photonics and micro/nanofabrication techniques for hydrogels.In particular,fabrication techniques for hydrogel photonic devices are categorized into film growth,photolithography(PL),electron-beam lithography(EBL),and nanoimprint lithography(NIL).Furthermore,we provide insights into future directions and prospects for deformable hydrogel photonics,along with their potential practical applications.

关键词： lithography photonics attractive

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Laser‑Induced and MOF‑Derived Metal Oxide/Carbon Composite for Synergistically Improved Ethanol Sensing at Room temperature

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第6期16卷 210-220页

作者： Hyeongtae Lim Hyeokjin Kwon Hongki Kang Jae Eun Jang Hyuk‑Jun Kwon Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science DGISTDaegu 42988South Korea Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction DGISTDaegu 42988South Korea

Advancements in sensor technology have significantly enhanced atmospheric monitoring.Notably,metal oxide and carbon(MO_(x)/C)hybrids have gained attention for their exceptional sensitivity and room-temperature sensing performance.However,previous methods of synthesizing MO_(x)/C composites suffer from problems,including inhomogeneity,aggregation,and challenges in micropatterning.Herein,we introduce a refined method that employs a metal–organic framework(MOF)as a precursor combined with direct laser writing.The inherent structure of MOFs ensures a uniform distribution of metal ions and organic linkers,yielding homogeneous MO_(x)/C structures.The laser processing facilitates precise micropatterning(<2μm,comparable to typical photolithography)of the MO_(x)/C crystals.The optimized MOF-derived MO_(x)/C sensor rapidly detected ethanol gas even at room temperature(105 and 18 s for response and recovery,respectively),with a broad range of sensing performance from 170 to 3,400 ppm and a high response value of up to 3,500%.Additionally,this sensor exhibited enhanced stability and thermal resilience compared to previous MOF-based counterparts.This research opens up promising avenues for practical applications in MOF-derived sensing devices.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Metal oxide Carbon composite Laser Gas sensor

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Active and passive modulation of solar light transmittance in a uniquely multifunctional dual-band single molecule for smart window applications

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 293-305,I0007页

作者： Pooja V.Chavan Pramod V.Rathod Joohyung Lee Sergei V.Kostjuk Hern Kim Department of Energy Science and Technology Environmental Waste Recycle InstituteMyongji UniversityYonginGyeonggi-do 17058Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Myongji UniversityYonginGyeonggi-do 17058Republic of Korea Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University MinskBelarus

Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart windows.These materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are also leading to the development of indoor environments that are more comfortable and conducive to improving individuals'quality of life.Unfortunately,dual-responsive materials have not received ample research attention due to economic and technological challenges.As a consequence,the broader utilization of smart windows faces hindrances.To address this new generational multistimulus responsive chromic materials,our group has adopted a developmental strategy to create a poly(NIPAM)n-HV as a switchable material by anchoring active viologen(HV)onto a phase-changing poly(NIPAM)n-based smart material for better utility and activity.These constructed smart windows facilitate individualistic reversible switching,from a highly transparent state to an opaque state(thermochromic)and a red state(electrochromic),as well as facilitate a simultaneous dual-stimuli response reversible switching from a clear transparent state to a fully opaque(thermochromic)and orange(electrochromic)states.Absolute privacy can be attained in smart windows designed for exclusive settings by achieving zero transmittance.Each unique chromic mode operates independently and modulates visible and near-infrared(NIR)light in a distinct manner.Hence,these smart windows with thermal and electric dual-stimuli responsiveness demonstrate remarkable heat regulation capabilities,rendering them highly attractive for applications in building facades,energy harvesting,privacy protection,and color display.

关键词： Smart windows Thermochromism Electrochromism Energy saving Dual-responsive material

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Establishment of a chicken intestinal organoid culture system to assess deoxynivalenol‑induced damage of the intestinal barrier function

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1119-1130页

作者： Tae Hong Kang Sang In Lee Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology Kyungpook National UniversitySangjuGyeong‑Sangbuk‑Do 37224Republic of Korea Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science Kyungpook National University37224SangjuGyeong‑Sangbuk‑DoRepublic of Korea

Background Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a mycotoxin that has received recognition worldwide because of its ability to cause growth delay,nutrient malabsorption,weight loss,emesis,and a reduction of feed intake in livestock.Since DON-contaminated feedstuff is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract,we used chicken organoids to assess the DON-induced dysfunction of the small intestine.Results We established a culture system using chicken organoids and characterized the organoids at passages 1 and 10.We confirmed the mRNA expression levels of various cell markers in the organoids,such as KI67,leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5(Lgr5),mucin 2(MUC2),chromogranin A(CHGA),cytokeratin 19(CK19),lysozyme(LYZ),and microtubule-associated doublecortin-like kinase 1(DCLK1),and compared the results to those of the small intestine.Our results showed that the organoids displayed functional similarities in permeability compared to the small intestine.DON damaged the tight junctions of the organoids,which resulted in increased permeability.Conclusions Our organoid culture displayed topological,genetic,and functional similarities with the small intes-tine cells.Based on these similarities,we confirmed that DON causes small intestine dysfunction.Chicken organoids offer a practical model for the research of harmful substances.

关键词： Barrier function Deoxynivalenol Organoids

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Enhancing Identity Protection in Metaverse-Based Psychological Counseling System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 617-632页

作者： Jun Lee Hanna Lee Seong Chan Lee Hyun Kwon Department of Game Software Hoseo UniversityAsan-si31499Korea Yatav Enter Seoul04799Korea Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Korea Military AcademySeoul01805Korea

Non-face-to-face psychological counseling systems rely on network technologies to anonymize information regard-ing client identity.However,these systems often face challenges concerning voice data leaks and the suboptimal communication of the client’s non-verbal expressions,such as facial cues,to the counselor.This study proposes a metaverse-based psychological counseling system designed to enhance client identity protection while ensuring efficient information delivery to counselors during non-face-to-face counseling.The proposed systemincorporates a voicemodulation function that instantlymodifies/masks the client’s voice to safeguard their identity.Additionally,it employs real-time client facial expression recognition using an ensemble of decision trees to mirror the client’s non-verbal expressions through their avatar in the metaverse environment.The system is adaptable for use on personal computers and smartphones,offering users the flexibility to access metaverse-based psychological counseling across diverse environments.The performance evaluation of the proposed system confirmed that the voice modulation and real-time facial expression replication consistently achieve an average speed of 48.32 frames per second or higher,even when tested on the least powerful smartphone configurations.Moreover,a total of 550 actual psychological counseling sessions were conducted,and the average satisfaction rating reached 4.46 on a 5-point scale.This indicates that clients experienced improved identity protection compared to conventional non-face-to-face metaverse counseling approaches.Additionally,the counselor successfully addressed the challenge of conveying non-verbal cues from clients who typically struggled with non-face-to-face psychological counseling.The proposed systemholds significant potential for applications in interactive discussions and educational activities in the metaverse.

关键词： Metaverse counseling system face tracking identity protection

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Abnormal State Detection in Lithium-ion Battery Using Dynamic Frequency Memory and Correlation Attention LSTM Autoencoder

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1757-1781页

作者： Haoyi Zhong Yongjiang Zhao Chang Gyoon Lim Department of Computer Engineering Chonnam National UniversityYeosu59626South Korea

This paper addresses the challenge of identifying abnormal states in Lithium-ion Battery(LiB)time series data.As the energy sector increasingly focuses on integrating distributed energy resources,Virtual Power Plants(VPP)have become a vital new framework for energy management.LiBs are key in this context,owing to their high-efficiency energy storage capabilities essential for VPP operations.However,LiBs are prone to various abnormal states like overcharging,over-discharging,and internal short circuits,which impede power transmission efficiency.Traditional methods for detecting such abnormalities in LiB are too broad and lack precision for the dynamic and irregular nature of LiB data.In response,we introduce an innovative method:a Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)autoencoder based on Dynamic Frequency Memory and Correlation Attention(DFMCA-LSTM-AE).This unsupervised,end-to-end approach is specifically designed for dynamically monitoring abnormal states in LiB data.The method starts with a Dynamic Frequency Fourier Transform module,which dynamically captures the frequency characteristics of time series data across three scales,incorporating a memory mechanism to reduce overgeneralization of abnormal frequencies.This is followed by integrating LSTM into both the encoder and decoder,enabling the model to effectively encode and decode the temporal relationships in the time series.Empirical tests on a real-world LiB dataset demonstrate that DFMCA-LSTM-AE outperforms existing models,achieving an average Area Under the Curve(AUC)of 90.73%and an F1 score of 83.83%.These results mark significant improvements over existing models,ranging from 2.4%–45.3%for AUC and 1.6%–28.9%for F1 score,showcasing the model’s enhanced accuracy and reliability in detecting abnormal states in LiB data.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery abnormal state detection autoencoder virtual power plants LSTM

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A comprehensive review on the resynthesis of ternary cathode active materials from the leachate of Li-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 446-463页

作者： Dongwoo Kim Hyeoncheol Joo Chanmin Kim Seoa Kim Wan-Yi Kim Sangwoo Han Joongkil Park Soyeon Park Heechul Jung Sanghyuk Park Kyungjung Kwon Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering Sejong University LIB Recycling Research Group LIB Materials R&D Center POSCO Holdings Department of Future Energy Convergence Seoul National University of Science & Technology Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Flying Vehicles Institute Sejong University

This review highlights the importance of recovering valuable metals from spent Li-ion battery(LIB) cathodes through the resynthesis of cathode active materials(CAMs). The resynthesis process of CAMs, a promising recycling method that directly produces CAM precursors from LIB leachate, is explored. This process encompasses six key steps, including pretreatment, leaching, purification, adjustment of metal concentrations, precursor synthesis, and sintering. The review also investigates the potential introduction of impurity elements during CAM resynthesis and provides tolerance levels for these impurities based on thorough reference analysis. Additionally, it addresses challenges related to the commercialization of the resynthesis process. Notably, this review represents the first comprehensive assessment of CAM resynthesis, including the systematic evaluation of 12 impurity elements(Fe, Li, Al, Cu, C, P, F, Na, Cl, S, Mg,and Zn). Overall, this comprehensive review is poised to support the commercial development of resynthesized CAMs by offering valuable guidelines for managing impurities and streamlining the purification process.

关键词： Impurity Leachate Li-ion battery Recycling Resynthesis

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Science communication with science fiction movies

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 17-18页

作者： Yuanzhuo Wang Jingyuan Li Yuanhao Cui Department of Computer Science Beijing Technology and Business UniversityNo.33 Fucheng RoadHaidianBeijing 100048China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.6 Kexueyuan South RoadHaidianBeijing 100190China School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and TechnologyNo.1088 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhenGuangdong 518055China

“It is not as easy as it looks,”Holden Thorp,Science’s chief editor,commented at the end of 2021,when explaining new research findings of the COVID-19 pandemic to the public had encountered great difficulties.1 As a matter of fact,science communication has never been easy because serious scientific knowledge is prone to be boring rather than interesting.There is only one atypical medium for science communication,i.e.,the science fiction movie(sci-fi movie for short),that has a huge amount of fans.

关键词： communication editor movie

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