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Calibration of the solar X-ray Detector on-board the Macao science satellite-1B for soft X-ray Detection

science china Earth sciences 2025年第1期68卷 11-26页

作者： Man-Hei NG Xiaoping ZHANG Jianwu CHEN Yongqiang sHI Fuchang ZUO Wenxi PENG Weichun FU Liansheng LI Pengwei LUO Chi-Long TANG Guozheng ZHANG Zhiwu MEI Li WANG Cunhui LI Jiaming OU Yanyan Xu state Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao999078China space Optoelectronic Measurement and Perception Laboratory Beijing Institute of Control EngineeringBeijing100190China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory Lanzhou Institute of PhysicsLanzhou730000China china national space administration(CNsA) Macao Center for Space Exploration and ScienceMacao999078China

The solar X-ray Detector(sXD)on-board the Macao science satellite-1B(Mss-1B)was successfully launched via the Chinese Long March-2C rocket on 21 May 2023,and commenced operations in early June of the same *** Mss-1B/soft X-ray Detection Units(sXDUs)employ two silicon drift detectors(sDDs),providing a wide range of energy spectra spanning from 0.7 to 24 ***,the sXDUs deliver a high-resolution capability of 0.14 keV@5.9 keV and operate with a time cadence of 1 ***,we perform thorough calibrations of the Mss-1B/sXDUs,employing a combination of ground experiments and *** addition,quantitative analysis comparing the flux measurements obtained by the Mss-1B/sXDUs to the data collected by the Geostationary Operational Environmental satellite(GOEs),provides compelling evidence of their ***,the preliminary spectral analysis results showcase the robustness and expected performance of the Mss-1B/sXDUs,unlocking their potential for facilitating the study of dynamic evolution of solar ***,the innovative Mss-1B/solar X-ray Detector facilitates concurrent observations of solar soft and hard X-rays,thereby making valuable contributions to the advancements in solar research.

关键词： Macao science satellite-1B(Mss-1B) Calibration solar X-Ray Detector spectrometer soft X-rays solar flares solar abundances

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Evaluation of influence of detrending CsEs satellite data on lithospheric magnetic field modeling

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第02期9卷 346-356页

作者： Jie Wang YanYan Yang ZhiMa Zeren JianPing Huang HengXin Lu national Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of China

The china seismo-Electromagnetic satellite(CsEs) was successfully launched in February 2018. The high precision magnetometer(HPM) on board the CsEs has captured high-quality magnetic data that have been used to derive a global lithospheric magnetic field model. While preparing the datasets for this lithospheric magnetic field model, researchers found that they still contained prominent residual trends within the magnetic anomaly even once signals from other sources had been eliminated. However, no processing was undertaken to deal with the residual trends during modeling to avoid subjective processing and represent the realistic nature of the data. In this work, we analyze the influence of these residual trends on the lithospheric magnetic field *** of orders 0–3 were used to fit the trend of each track and remove it for detrending. We then derived four models through detrending-based processing, and compared their power spectra and grid maps with those of the CsEs original model and CHAOs-7model. The misfit between the model and the dataset decreased after detrending the data, and the convergence of the inverted spherical harmonic coefficients improved. However, detrending reduced the signal strength and the power spectrum, while detrending based on high-order polynomials introduced prominent distortions in details of the magnetic anomaly. Based on this analysis, we recommend along-track detrending by using a zero-order polynomial(removing a constant value) on the CsEs magnetic anomaly data to drag its mean value to zero. This would lead to only a slight reduction in the signal strength while significantly improving the stability of the inverted coefficients and details of the anomaly.

关键词： lithospheric magnetic field model satellite magnetic survey detrending long-wavelength magnetic anomaly CsEs

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Evaluation of the satellite's wake effect on the electric field detector onboard the CsEs-01 satellite

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第02期9卷 400-409页

作者： JianPing Huang ZongYu Li Zhong Li XingHong Zhu JunGang Lei YuanQing Miao WenJing Li national Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of China Institute of Intelligent Emergency Information Processing Institute of Disaster Prevention school of Information Engineering Qingdao Institute of Technology china satellite Communications Co.Ltd. Lanzhou Institute of Physics DFH satellite Co.Ltd.

This study aimed to evaluate the wake effect on the electric field detector(EFD) onboard the china seismo-Electromagnetic satellite(CsEs-01). Through a series of experiments and analyses, we confirmed that the disturbance phenomenon from probe B of the EFD is not caused by the boom layout. To validate and determine whether it is influenced by the wake effect, we conducted two experiments. In the first experiment, the entire satellite platform underwent a 90° counterclockwise yaw maneuver to allow probe B to avoid the plasma wake region. We then verified whether the disturbance was improved. In the second experiment, the satellite platform performed a 180° counterclockwise yaw maneuver, positioning probe B on the ram side of the satellite and completely avoiding all satellite wakes. The plasma wake effect of the satellite did not significantly influence the spherical probes of the EFD because the measurement accuracy stayed relatively stable under the two experiments, despite the observed abnormalities in the operating state of spherical probe B. This consistency in performance is important for electric field detection missions because the spatial electric field vector data obtained from these probes continue to effectively reflect information on spatial electromagnetic disturbances. These two experimental results showed that probe B consistently exhibited data jump phenomena under various maneuver states, whereas probes A, C, and D did not display such phenomena in any maneuver state.

关键词： CsEs-01 payload electric field detector satellite attitude data quality

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Levitated-body ultra-high pointing accuracy and stability satellite platform of the CHAsE mission

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science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第8期65卷 18-28页

作者： Wei Zhang WeiQiang Cheng Wei You Xiao Chen Jian Zhang Chuan Li Cheng Fang shanghai Academy of spaceflight Technology Shanghai 201109China shanghai Institute of satellite Engineering Shanghai 201109China shanghai Key Laboratory of Deep space Exploration Technology Shanghai 201109China school of Astronomy and space science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory for Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China

The CHAsE satellite is designed based on the novel ultra-high pointing accuracy and stability levitated-body satellite platform,which breaks the traditional idea of rigidly connecting the satellite platform and payload. When operating in orbit, the platform and payload are non-connected and spatially levitated. By separately arranging the “noisy” and “quiet” devices, the complicated influence of platform vibration on the payload pointing direction is effectively avoided. Using the novel master-slave collaborative control method, the pointing accuracy and stability of the payload are improved considerably. In this paper, the basic principles, overall scheme, control method, and engineering implementation of a levitated-body satellite platform are *** with the CHAsE mission in-orbit data, the actual attitude pointing precision and stability of a levitated-body satellite platform are analyzed and evaluated.

关键词： artificial Earth satellites magnetic levitation devices vibration isolation control theory and feedback

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Ion acceleration at dipolarization fronts associated with the interchange instability in Earth's magnetotail

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science china(Technological sciences) 2020年第11期63卷 2375-2383页

作者： LU HaoYu GE Yasong sUN Chao school of space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

It has been confirmed that dipolarization fronts(DFs)are the result of the interchange instability in the Earth's *** this paper,we use a Hall MHD model to simulate the evolution of the interchange instability that produces DFs along the leading edge.A test particle simulation is performed to study the physical phenomenon of ion acceleration at the *** numerical simulation indicates that almost all particles move earthward and dawnward and then drift to the *** DF-reflected ion population at the duskside appears earlier as a consequence of the asymmetric Hall electric *** that are distributed in a dawn-dusk asymmetric semicircle behind the DF tend to be accelerated to higher energies(>13.5 keV).These high-energy particles eventually concentrate in the *** experience effective acceleration by the dawnward electric field,while they drift through the dawn flank at the front,toward the tail.

关键词： dipolarization fronts interchange instability ion acceleration Hall MHD simulation

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A method of estimating the Martian neutral atmospheric density at 130 km, and comparison of its results with Mars Global surveyor and Mars Odyssey aerobraking observations based on the Mars Climate Database outputs

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第4期4卷 408-419页

作者： JunFeng Qin Hong Zou YuGuang Ye YongQiang Hao Jinsong Wang Erling Nielsen Institute of space Physics and Applied Technology School of Earth and Space SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China national Center for space Weather China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Max Planck Institute for solar system Research Katlenburg-Lindau 37191Germany

Profiles of the Martian dayside ionosphere can be used to derive the neutral atmospheric densities at 130 km,which can also be obtained from the Mars Climate Database(MCD)and spacecraft aerobraking *** this research,we explain the method used to calculate neutral densities at 130 km via ionosphere observations and three long-period 130-km neutral density data sets at northern high latitudes(latitudes>60°)acquired through ionospheric data measured by the Mars Global surveyor(MGs)Radio Occultation *** calculated 130-km neutral density data,along with 130-km density data from the aerobraking observations of the MGs and Mars Odyssey(ODY)in the northern high latitudes,were compared with MCD outputs at the same latitude,longitude,altitude,solar latitude,and local *** 130-km density data derived from both the ionospheric profiles and aerobraking observations were found to show seasonal variations similar to those in the MCD *** a negative shift of about 2×10^10 cm^−3,the corrected 130-km neutral densities derived from MCD v4.3 were consistent with those obtained from the two different *** result means that(1)the method used to derive the 130-km neutral densities with ionospheric profiles was effective,(2)the MCD v4.3 data sets generally overestimated the 130-km neutral densities at high latitudes,and(3)the neutral density observations from the MGs Radio science Experiment could be used to calibrate a new atmospheric model of Mars.

关键词： Martian upper atmosphere Mars Climate Database v4.3 aerobraking observations Mars global circulation

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Chinese Hα solar Explorer(CHAsE)——a complementary space mission to the AsO-s

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第11期19卷 110-114页

作者： Chuan Li Cheng Fang Zhen Li Ming-De Ding Peng-Fei Chen Zhe Chen Liang-Kui Lin Chang-Zheng Chen Chang-Ya Chen Hong-Jiang Tao Wei You Qi Hao Yu Dai Xin Cheng Yang Guo Jie Hong Min-Jie An Wei-Qiang Cheng Jian-Xin Chen Wei Wang Wei Zhang school of Astronomy and space science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory for Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics(Nanjing University) Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsChangchun 130033China shanghai Institute of satellite Engineering Shanghai 201109China shanghai Academy of spaceflight Technology Shanghai 201109China

The Chinese Hαsolar Explorer(CHAsE)is designed to test a newly developed satellite platform and conduct solar *** scientific payload of the satellite is an Hαimaging spectrograph(HIs),which can,for the first time,acquire full-disk spectroscopic solar observations in the Hα*** paper briefly introduces CHAsE/HIs including its scientific objectives,technical parameters,scientific application system,*** CHAsE mission is scheduled to launch in *** will complement the observations by on-orbit solar spacecraft(such as sDO,IRIs,sTEREO and PsP),as well as future solar missions of the solar Orbiter and Advanced space-based solar Observatory(AsO-s).

关键词： instrumentation spectrographs-sun atmosphere-sun activity

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Initial scalar lithospheric magnetic anomaly map of china and surrounding regions derived from CsEs satellite data

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science china(Technological sciences) 2021年第5期64卷 1118-1126页

作者： WANG Jie sHEN XuHui YANG YanYan ZEREN ZhiMa HULOT Gauthier OLsEN Nils ZHOU Bin MAGNEs Werner DE sANTIs Angelo HUANG JianPing GUO Feng LIU WenLong YU JingBo national Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China school of space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Universitéde Paris Institut de physique du globe de ParisCNRSParis F-75005France DTU space National Space InstituteTechnical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby 2800Denmark national space science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesGraz 8042Austria Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Via di Vigna MurataRome 605Italy school of Earth sciences Hebei GEO UniversityShijiazhuang 050031China

The china seismo-Electromagnetic satellite(CsEs),china’s first satellite to measure geophysical fields with scientific goals in both space and solid earth physics,was launched successfully in February *** carries high-precision magnetometers to measure the geomagnetic *** this study,the CsEs magnetic data were used to extract the signal of the lithospheric magnetic field caused by magnetized rocks in the crust and uppermost ***,an along-track analysis of the CsEs magnetic data was undertaken near the Bangui magnetic anomaly in central Africa and the Tarim magnetic anomaly in china,demonstrating that the CsEs magnetic data are indeed sensitive to the lithospheric magnetic anomaly *** a lithospheric magnetic anomaly map over china and surrounding regions was *** map is consistent with the lithospheric part of the CHAOs-7 *** particular,it clearly reveals four major magnetic anomalies containing long-wavelength signals at the altitude of lowearth-orbiting *** magnetic highs are located over the Tarim,sichuan and songliao basin,the origins of which could be related to large-scale tectonic-magmatic activities during geological history.A prominent magnetic low is otherwise found in the southern Himalayan-Tibetan plateau,possibly caused by the shallow Curie depth in this *** further improve the precision of the lithospheric magnetic field model,more detailed data processing and multi-source data merging are needed.

关键词： anomaly lithospheric Himalayan

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Photoelectron pitch angle distribution near Mars and implications on cross terminator magnetic field connectivity

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第1期4卷 17-22页

作者： YuTian Cao Jun Cui Xiaoshu Wu JiaHao Zhong Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep space Exploration National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China school of Astronomy and space sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China school of Atmospheric sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai Guangdong 519082China Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China

The photoelectron peak at 22 27 eV, a distinctive feature of the energetic electron distribution in the dayside Martian ionosphere, is a useful diagnostic of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray ionization as well as of large-scale transport along magnetic field lines. In this work, we analyze the pitch angle distribution (PAD) of energetic electrons at 22 27 eV measured during several representative Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) orbits, based on the electron spectra gathered by MAVEN’s solar Wind Electron Analyzer (sWEA) instrument. On the dayside, most photoelectron spectra show an isotropic PAD as is expected from production via solar EUV/X-ray ionization. The photoelectron spectra occasionally observed on the nightside show instead a strongly anisotropic PAD, indicative of cross-terminator transport along ambient magnetic field lines. This would in turn predict the presence of dayside photoelectrons, also with a strongly anisotropic PAD, which was indeed revealed in sWEA data. Comparison with magnetic field measurements made by the MAVEN Magnetometer suggests that on average the photoelectrons with anisotropic PAD stream away from Mars on the dayside and towards Mars on the nightside, further supporting the scenario of day-to-night transport. On both sides, anisotropic photoelectrons tend to be observed above the photoelectron exobase at ~160 km where photoelectron transport dominates over local production and energy degradation.

关键词： Mars MAVEN photoelectron Day-to-night transport

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The variations of the Martian exobase altitude

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第1期4卷 4-10页

作者： MengHao Fu Jun Cui Xiaoshu Wu ZhaoPeng Wu Jing Li Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep space Exploration National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China school of Astronomy and space sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China school of Atmospheric sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai Guangdong 519082China Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China

The exobase is defined as the interface between the strongly collisional and the collisionless parts of an atmosphere. Although in reality the exobase is a transition region of finite depth, it is conventionally defined as the boundary above which an upwardly ejected neutral particle makes one collision at higher altitudes. such an idealized definition is of practical use and serves as a good tracer of the overall size of an atmosphere as it expands and contracts under the influences of both external and internal sources. Knowledge of the atmospheric properties near the exobase is crucial to first-order estimates of atmospheric escape rates on terrestrial planets. since its arrival at Mars on 21 september 2014, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft has provided comprehensive maps of the Martian upper atmosphere under a variety of conditions. This allows, for the first time, a thorough investigation of the variations of the exobase altitude on this red planet. In this study, we use the N2 density measurements accumulated by MAVEN’s Neutral Gas and Ion Mass spectrometer from October 2014 to November 2018 to determine the exobase altitudes for a large number of MAVEN orbits. Our analysis reveals clearly the variations of exobase altitude with local time and solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux, as well as tentative evidence for the impact of global dust storms. These observations are indicative of thermal expansion of the Martian upper atmosphere, driven either externally by solar EUV energy deposition or internally by global dust storms.

关键词： Mars Exobase MAVEN

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