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Sampling duration and freezing temperature influence the analysed gastric inositol phosphate composition of pigs fed diets with different levels of phytase

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第2期5卷 196-201页

作者： Steven Laird Imke Kühn Michael R.Bedford Hayley Whitfield Helen M.Miller Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds ab vista School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of time and freezing temperature during sampling on gastric phytate(myo-inositol [MYO] hexakisphosphate [InsP6]), lower inositol phosphates(InsP2-5) and MYO concentrations in pigs fed diets containing different levels of phytase. Forty pigs were fed 1 of 4 wheat-barley diets on an ad libitum basis for 28 d. The diets comprised a nutritionally adequate positive control(PC), a similar diet but with Ca and P reduced by 1.6 and 1.24 g/kg, respectively(NC), and the NC supplemented with 500(NC + 500) or 2,000(NC + 2000) FTU phytase/kg. At the end of the experiment, chyme were collected from the stomach, thoroughly mixed and 2 subsamples(30 mL) were frozen immediately: one snap-frozen at-79 ℃ and the other at-20 0 C. The remaining chyme were left to sit at room temperature(20 ℃) and further subsamples were collected and frozen as above at 5,10 and15 min from the point of mixing. There were linear reductions in gastric InsP6 concentration over time during sampling(P < 0.001), irrespective of diet or freezing temperature. Moreover, InsP6 concentration was influenced by a diet × freezing temperature interaction(P < 0.05), with less InsP6 measured in chyme frozen at-20 ℃ than at-79 ℃;however,this difference was greater in the control diets than the phytase supplemented diets. Freezing chyme at-79 ℃ recovered more ∑InsP2-5 + MYO than freezing at-20 ℃ in pigs fed phytase supplemented diets;however, this difference was not apparent in the diets without phytase(diet × freezing temperature, P < 0.01), It can be concluded that significant phytate hydrolysis occurs in the gastric chyme of pigs during sampling and processing, irrespective of supplementary phytase activity. Therefore, to minimise post-slaughter phytate degradation and changes in the gastric inositol phosphate profile, chyme should be snap-frozen immediately after collection.

关键词： Pig Inositol phosphate Phytase Sampling time Freezing temperature

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Structure of a cereal purple acid phytase provides new insights to phytate degradation in plants

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Plant Communications 2022年第2期3卷 52-61页

作者： Raquel Faba-Rodriguez Yinghong Gu Melissa Salmon Giuseppe Dionisio Henrik Brinch-Pedersen Charles A.Brearley Andrew M.Hemmings School of Chemistry University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR47TJUK School of Biological Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR47TJUK Department of Agroecology Research Center FlakkebjergAarhus University4200 SlagelseDenmark College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China

Grain phytate,a mixed metal ion salt of inositol hexakisphosphate,accounts for 60%–80%of stored phosphorus in plants and is a potent antinutrient of non-ruminant animals including *** neofunctionalization of purple acid phytases(PAPhy),some cereals such as wheat and rye have acquired particularly high mature grain phytase *** PAPhy activity supplies phosphate,liberates metal ions necessary for seedling emergence,and obviates antinutrient effects of phytate,its manipulation and control are targeted crop *** we show the X-ray crystal structure of the b2 isoform of wheat PAPhy induced during *** high-resolution crystal structure suggests a model for phytate recognition that,validated by molecular dynamics simulations,implicates elements of two sequence inserts(termed PAPhy motifs)relative to a canonical metallophosphoesterase(MPE)domain in forming phytate-specific substrate specificity *** motifs are well conserved in PAPhys from monocot cereals,enzymes which are characterized by high specificity for *** by mutagenesis,residues His229 in PAPhy motif 4 and Lys410 in the MPE domain,both conserved in PAPhys,are found to strongly influence phytase *** results explain the observed phytase activity of cereal PAPhys and open the way to the rational engineering of phytase activity in planta.

关键词： wheat purple acid phytase X-ray crystallography stereospecificity

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