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Timing effect of high temperature exposure on the plasticity of internode and plant architecture in maize

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 551-565页

作者： Binbin Li Xianmin Chen Tao Deng Xue Zhao Fang Li Bingchao Zhang Xin Wang Si Shen Shunli Zhou College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation Changsha 410019China Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei Wuqiao 061802China

The occurrence of high temperature(HT)in crop production is becoming more frequent and unpredictable with global warming,severely threatening food *** state of an organ’s growth and development is largely determined by the temperature conditions it is exposed to over *** is the main cereal crop,and its stem growth and plant architecture are closely related to lodging resistance,and especially sensitive to ***,systematic research on the timing effect of HT on the sequentially developing internode and stem is currently *** identify the timing effect of HT on the morphology and plasticity of the stem in maize,two hybrids(Zhengdan 958(ZD958),Xianyu 335(XY335))characterized by distinct morphological traits in the stem were exposed to a 7-day HT treatment from the V6 to V17 stages(Vn presents the vegetative stage with n leaves fully expanded)in *** results demonstrated that exposure to HT during V6-V12 accelerated the rapid elongation of *** instance,HT occurring at V7 and V12 specifically promoted the lengths and weights of the 3rd-5th and 9th-11th internodes,***,HT slowed the growth of internodes adjacent to the promoted ***,compared with control,the plant height was significantly increased soon after HT treatment,but the promotion effect became narrower at the subsequent flowering stage,demonstrating a self-adjusting mechanism in the maize plant in response to ***,HT altered the plant architectures,including a rising of the ear position and increase in the ear position ***335 exhibited greater sensitivity in stem development than ZD958 under HT *** findings improve our systematic understanding of the plasticity of internode and plant architecture in response to the timing of HT exposure.

关键词： maize high temperature internode growth plasticity plant architecture

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Effects of plug tray cell size on the growth of Atractylodes Chinensis (DC) Koidz seedlings

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第4期17卷 45-52页

作者： Kaixuan Shi Juwen Liang Fang Ji Dongxian He Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of MARA College of Water Resources&Civil EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

Atractylodes Chinensis(DC)Koidz is a perennial herb often used as a prescription medicine for influenza,to invigorate the spleen and remove *** quality of the herb is determined by the quality of the *** traditional *** seedling production technique has nonuniform seedlings and low *** plug seedling technique was used to produce *** *** study was conducted to determine the growth characteristics of *** seedlings according to the cell size of plug trays and number of days after *** height,stem diameter,rhizome diameter,number of leaves,leaf area,and shoot dry and fresh weight of *** seedlings were significantly higher in the P32-D treatment than in the P72,P50,and P32 treatments,but not significantly different from the P28-D treatment 60 d after *** P28-D treatment resulted in a considerable drop in rhizome fresh weight and healthy seedling index,both of which are key indicators for assessing seedling *** the differences in Pn among treatments were not significantly different,Tr was considerably greater in *** seedlings treated with P32-D and P28-D than in the other three *** P32-D and P28-D treatments had considerably greater potential maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII,quantum yield of photosystem II,photochemical quenching and electron transport rate than the other three *** vitality of *** seedlings was significantly stronger in the P32-D treatment than in the other four treatments,and it was 1.9 times higher than in the P28-D *** soluble protein,soluble sugar,and starch contents of *** seedlings were highest in the P32-D treatment,but the differences among treatments were not ***,EUE,PY and EY were significantly higher in the P32-D treatment than in the other four treatments,being 1.3,1.3,1.4 and 1.4 times higher than in P28-D,*** the other hand,as for the change in the gro

关键词： Atractylodes Chinensis(DC)Koidz plug seedling plug tray cell size

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Establishing the link between D-mannose and juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella):Improved growth and intestinal structure associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress,mitophagy,and apical junctional complexes

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 450-463页

作者： Chong Zhang Lin Feng Pei Wu Yang Liu Xiaowan Jin Hongmei Ren Hua Li Fali Wu Xiaoqiu Zhou Weidan Jiang Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Ministry of EducationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu 611130China

D-mannose,essential for protein glycosylation,has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects and to maintain intestinal flora *** addition to evaluating growth performance,we examined the impact of D-mannose on the structure of epithelial cells and apical junction complexes in the animal *** 1800 grass carp(16.20±0.01 g)were randomly divided into six treatments with six replicates of 50 fish each and fed with six different levels of D-mannose(0.52,1.75,3.02,4.28,5.50 and 6.78 g/kg diet)for 70 *** study revealed that D-mannose increased feed intake(P 0.05).D-mannose supplementation at 1.75 g/kg increased crude protein content in fish and lipid production value(P supplementation at 4.28 g/kg increased intestinal length,intestinal weight and fold height of grass carp compared to the control group(P improvement may be attributed to the phosphomannose isomerase(PMI)-mediated enhancement of *** study found that D-mannose supplementation at 4.28 or 3.02 g/kg reduced serum diamine oxidase activity or D-lactate content(P improved cellular and intercellular structures for the first *** improvement of cellular redox homeostasis involves alleviating endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress through the inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1),RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase(PERK),and activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)signaling *** alleviation of ER stress may be linked to the phosphomannomutase(PMM)-mediated enhancement of protein *** addition,ubiquitin-dependent[PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin]and ubiquitin-independent[BCL2-interacting protein 3-like(BNIP3L),BCL2-interacting protein 3(BNIP3),and FUN14 domain containing 1(fundC1)]mitophagy may play a role in maintaining cellular redox *** enhancement of intercellular structures includes enhancing tight junction and adherent junction structures,which may be closely associated with the small Rho GTPase pr

关键词： Grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella) D-mannose Intestine structure Endoplasmic reticulum stress Mitophagy Apical junctional complex

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Cadmium found in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) kernels mainly originates from root uptake rather than shell absorption from soil

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 726-735页

作者： Xin TANG Yurong WANG Changfeng DING Yuepeng YIN Zhigao ZHOU Taolin ZHANG Xingxiang WANG CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil Chinese Academy of SciencesYingtan 335211China

Roots and shells are two potential organs through which peanut plants absorb cadium(Cd)from soils;however,the relative contributions of the two uptake pathways(root uptake and shell absorption)to kernel Cd accumulation and their translocation characteristics are poorly *** this study,the relative contributions of the two pathways to Cd accumulation in two peanut cultivars,Xianghua2008(XH)and Yueyou43(YY),were accurately assessed by labeling rooting and podding zone soils with 113Cd and 111Cd isotopes(0.3 mg kg^(-1) dry soil),respectively,in a split-pot *** results showed that approximately 96%of the Cd accumulated in the peanut kernels was derived from root uptake,while only 4%originated from shell *** 1%of the Cd accumulated in whole peanut plants was attributed to shell absorption,of which 41%–44%was retained in shells and 56%–59%was translocated to *** contrast,the Cd absorbed by roots was efficiently translocated into all plant organs,of which 80%–84%was distributed in *** YY accumulated 1.3 times more Cd in whole plants than XH,the relative contributions of the two pathways to Cd accumulation in each plant organ were barely affected by peanut *** to the strong retention effect of shells,shell-derived Cd was approximately 2 times higher than root-derived Cd in *** results would improve the understanding of Cd accumulation processes in peanut plants,revealing that the root uptake pathway contributes predominantly to the Cd concentration in peanut kernels,based on which strategies and technology for the reduction of Cd in peanut plants could be designed and developed.

关键词： contamination heavy metal isotope-labeling technique relative contribution translocation factor uptake pathway

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Combination of iron flocculation and qPCR for quantitative evaluation of virus-shedding intensity of goldfish Carassius auratus infected with cyprinid herpesvirus 2 in the water and the effect of sodium chlorite powder in blocking waterborne horizontal viral transmission

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第4期9卷 617-625页

作者： Yufei Zhai Fei Shen Hao Wang Liqun Lu National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China Key Laboratory for Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources at Shanghai Ocean University Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghai201306China College of Fisheries and Life Science Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2(CyHV-2),a member of the Alloherpesviridae family belonging to the genus Cyprinivirus,was initially isolated from goldfish(Carassius auratus)and has been recently emerging as a virulent pathogen for cultured prussian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio)*** this study,a novel and effective method for concentration and quantification of live CyHV-2 virions from water was successfully established through coupling the iron flocculation with real time qPCR ***,the shedding intensity of CyHV-2 in fish-tank water from artificially-challenged goldfish(25 fish/20 L)was monitored continuously for 7 days on a daily basis through quantitating viral genomic copy numbers by qPCR,and the maximum shedding level was determined to be 105 copies/*** transmission research system was established by inoculating healthy goldfish in water spiked with serial dilution of CyHV-2 virions ranging from 107 to 103 copies/*** results indicated that water-borne CyHV-2 efficiently caused the infection of tested goldfish even in a concentration of 103 copies/L,and the overall transmission efficacy was not linearly correlated with the level of input virus in the fish *** disinfectant Composite Sodium Chlorite Powder(CSCP)has been widely applied in aquaculture to control microbial infection through direct spill in the water,and its effect in inactivating the CyHV-2 infectivity remains *** further determined that the EC50 of CSCP against 3.89 TCID50/mL CyHV-2 was close to 15.625μg/mL in vitro,and application of CSCP in a level as high as 60μg/mL(the safety concentration of CSCP for goldfish)couldn’t protect goldfish from CyHV-2 challenge through ***,the disinfectant CSCP was regarded as none-effective for blocking CyHV-2 transmission in water during ***,our data provided quantitative data to demonstrate the shedding intensity of CyHV-2 in water,and CSCP was shown to be not effective in blocking water-borne horizontal

关键词： Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 Iron flocculation Virus shedding Water-borne horizontal transmission Composite sodium chlorite powder

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Invasion of fall armyworm led to the succession of maize pests in Southwest China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1300-1314页

作者： Zezheng Fan Yifei Song Shengyuan Zhao Kongming Wu Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China

The invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda(***)invaded Asia in 2018,colonizing the tropical and southern subtropical regions as well as migrating with the monsoons into Northeast Asia during spring and *** has resulted in widespread infestations,with significant impacts on maize production in various Asian *** studies have shown that the invasion of this pest can alter the species relationships of maize pests,but the actual impact on maize pest management is still *** study investigated the changes in maize pest occurrence and pesticide use in the annual breeding areas of *** in Yunnan Province and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China during 2017-2021,based on surveys and interviews with small farmers in maize *** results showed that *** has emerged as the dominant species among maize pests after invasion and colonization,replacing traditional pests such as Ostrinia furnacalis,Spodoptera litura,Agrotis ypsilon,and Rhopalosiphum *** variety of pesticides used for maize pest control has changed from chlorpyrifos,lambda-cyhalothrin,and acetamiprid to emamectin benzoate-based pesticides with high effectiveness against ***,the frequency of maize pest chemical applications has increased from an average of 5.88 to 7.21 times per season,with the amounts of pesticides used in summer and autumn maize being significantly higher than in winter and spring maize,thereby increasing application costs by more than 35%.The results of this study clarified the impact of *** invasion on maize pest community succession and chemical pesticide use in tropical and south subtropical China,thereby providing a baseline for modifying the regional control strategies for maize pests after the invasion of this relatively new pest.

关键词： Spodoptera frugiperda annual breeding region sweet waxy corn economic evaluation

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Identification and virulence test of a new pathogen that causes verticillium striping on rapeseed in northwestern China

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第1期9卷 8-19页

作者： We Si Ruisheng Wang Mingde Wu Long Yang Guoqing Li Jing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Qinghai UniversityXiningQinghai Province810016China

Five stems of rapeseed with abundant black microsclerotia were collected from Huangyuan County of Qinghai Province,China,and fungal isolates were obtained from the *** were identified based on morphology,molecular features and specific PCR *** results showed that the 10 fungal isolates belonged to Verticillium longisporum lineage A1/*** of the 10 isolates(HW7-1)was tested for virulence on three species of rapeseed,including *** Zhongshuang 9,*** Qingyou 9 and *** Tayou 2 by conidia inoculation of HW7-1 on roots of young *** seedlings were inoculated with *** conidia or water *** seedlings of these treatments were transplanted in culture mix and incubated in a growth chamber(20℃).Results suggested that the control seedlings of three cultivars appeared quite healthy,while the seedlings inoculated with HW7-1 turned yellowing leaves,seedling stunting or even death after 22 days *** was re-isolated from he yellow leaves,thus fulfilling Koch's ***,compared to the control treatments,inoculation with HW7-1 caused flowering delay and seed yield reduction on Tayou 2 with production of microsclerotia on the *** our knowledge,this is the first report of *** lineage A1/D3 on rapeseed in northwestern China.

关键词： Verticillium longisporum lineage A1/D3 Virulence Rapeseed China

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Green manuring relocates microbiomes in driving the soil functionality of nitrogen cycling to obtain preferable grain yields in thirty years

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 596-610页

作者： Guopeng Zhou Kunkun Fan Songjuan Gao Danna Chang Guilong Li Ting Liang Hai Liang Shun Li Jiudong Zhang Zongxian Che Weidong Cao State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institute of Soil&Fertilizer and Resource&Environment Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchang 330200China Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture Gansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730070China

Fertilizers are widely used to produce more food, inevitably altering the diversity and composition of soil organisms. The role of soil biodiversity in controlling multiple ecosystem services remains unclear, especially after decades of fertilization. Here, we assess the contribution of the soil functionalities of carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P) cycling to crop production and explore how soil organisms control these functionalities in a 33-year field fertilization experiment. The long-term application of green manure or cow manure produced wheat yields equivalent to those obtained with chemical N, with the former providing higher soil functions and allowing the functionality of N cycling(especially soil N mineralization and biological N fixation) to control wheat production. The keystone phylotypes within the global network rather than the overall microbial community dominated the soil multifunctionality and functionality of C,N, and P cycling across the soil profile(0–100 cm). We further confirmed that these keystone phylotypes consisted of many metabolic pathways of nutrient cycling and essential microbes involved in organic C mineralization, N_(2)O release, and biological N fixation. The chemical N, green manure, and cow manure resulted in the highest abundances of amoB, nifH, and GH48 genes and Nitrosomonadaceae,Azospirillaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae within the keystone phylotypes, and these microbes were significantly and positively correlated with N_(2)O release, N fixation, and organic C mineralization, respectively. Moreover, our results demonstrated that organic fertilization increased the effects of the network size and keystone phylotypes on the subsoil functions by facilitating the migration of soil microorganisms across the soil profiles and green manure with the highest migration rates. This study highlights the importance of the functionality of N cycling in controlling crop production and keystone phylotypes in regulating soil functions, an

关键词： soil biodiversity soil multifunctionality element cycling keystone phylotypes

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Rumen microbiota succession throughout the perinatal period and its association with postpartum production traits in dairy cows:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 17-26页

作者： Xiaowei Zhao Yangdong Zhang Ashikur Rahman Meiqing Chen Ning Li Tao Wu Yunxia Qi Nan Zheng Shengguo Zhao Jiaqi Wang State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary MedicineAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei 230031China Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi 830052China

The transition period for dairy cows usually refers to the 3 weeks pre-calving to the 3 weeks *** this period,dairy cows undergo metabolic and physiological adaptations because of their susceptibility to metabolic and infectious *** feeding management under these circumstances may adversely affect the health and subsequent production performance of the *** to long-term adaptation and evolution,the rumen has become a unique ecosystem inhabited by a complex microbial community closely associated with its natural *** components are metabolized by the rumen microbiota,and volatile fatty acids and microbial protein products can be used as precursor substances for synthesizing meat and milk *** successful transition of perinatal dairy cows includes changes in diet,physiology,and the rumen *** microbial profiles have been confirmed to be heritable and repairable;however,adverse circumstances affect rumen microbial composition,host digestion and metabolism,as well as postpartum production traits of dairy cows for a certain *** evidence indicates a close relationship between the rumen microbiota and animal ***,changes in rumen microbes during the transition period and the intrinsic links between the microbiota and host postpartum phenotypic traits need to be better understood to optimize production performance in ruminants.

关键词： Dairy cow Perinatal period Rumen microbiota Production trait

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Combined proteomic and metabolomic studies on the liver of Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii under titanium dioxide nanoparticle exposure

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第3期42卷 1001-1015页

作者： Zhou ZHOU Ting LIU Jie KONG Zhenxing ZHAO Junquan ZHU Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Educationand Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang ProvinceCollege of Marine SciencesNingbo UniversityNingbo 315000China Guizhou Fisheries Research Institute Guizhou Academy of Agriculture SciencesGuiyang 550000China

Nanomaterials,particularly titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiO_(2)-NPs),are extensively utilized across various ***,their environmental release has raised concerns regarding their potential ecological and environmental *** reproductive toxicity of TiO_(2)-NPs in fish species has attracted considerable attention,yet conflicting research outcomes have been *** investigated the effects of TiO_(2)-NPs exposure on the liver of juvenile Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii using label-free proteomic and untargeted metabolomic *** experiment included a control group and three groups exposed to different concentrations of TiO_(2)-NPs(low,TL;medium,TM;high,TH).Compared to the control group,9,19,and 25 proteins and 35,73,and 158 metabolites were differentially expressed in the TH,TM,and TL TiO_(2)-NP-exposed groups,*** differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia for Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways related to glycolysis and ***,among the 126 correlated proteins,the most enriched pathways were associated with endocytosis and protein processing in the endoplasmic ***,syringic acid was significantly downregulated across all three TiO_(2)-NP-exposed *** obtain a comprehensive overview of the TiO_(2)-NP-induced expression changes,a co-regulated network of proteins and metabolites associated with TiO_(2)-NPs exposure was *** to TiO_(2)-NPs led to enrichment and alteration of pathways related to immune responses,including endocytosis,protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum,and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)*** conclusion,our findings indicate that exposure to TiO_(2)-NPs might disrupt glucose metabolism and induce immune responses,thus contributing to our understanding of the environmental impacts of nanomaterials and highlighting the need for further research and development of potential mitigation strategies.

关键词： TiO_(2)-nanoparticle exposure proteomics metabolomics glucose metabolism immune response

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