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A comparative study on the formation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in cloud droplets and aerosol particles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 456-464页

作者： Guohua Zhang TaoWang Qinhao Lin Kun Liu Wei Sun Duohong Chen Lei Li Xinming Wang Xinhui Bi State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Guangzhou 510640China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryCASGuangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring Guangdong Environmental Monitoring CenterGuangzhou 510308China Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China

Nitrogen-containing organic compounds(NOCs)may potentially contribute to aqueous secondary organic aerosols,yet the different formation of NOCs in aerosol particles and cloud droplets remains *** the in-situ measurements performed at a mountain site(1690 m a.s.l.)in southern China,we investigated the formation of NOCs in the cloud droplets and the cloud-free particles,based on their mixing state information of NOCscontaining particles by single particle mass *** relative abundance of NOCs in the cloud-free particles was significantly higher than those in cloud residual(cloud RES)*** were highly correlated with carbonyl compounds(including glyoxalate and methylglyoxal)in the cloud-free particles,however,limited correlation was observed for cloud RES *** of their mixing state and temporal variations highlights that NOCs was mainly formed from the carbonyl compounds and ammonium in the cloud-free particles,rather than in the cloud RES *** results support that the formation of NOCs from carbonyl compounds is facilitated in concentrated solutions in wet aerosols,rather than cloud *** addition,we have identified the transport of biomass burning particles that facilitate the formation of NOCs,and that the observed NOCs is most likely contributed to the light *** findings have implications for the evaluation of NOCs formation and their contribution to light absorption.

关键词： Nitrogen-containing organic compounds Individual particles Cloud Carbonyl compounds Mixing state

An Efficient Integrated System for Methanol Steam Reforming to Produce Hydrogen Coupled with PEMFC Power Generation

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第02期 374-388页

作者： YUAN Shaoke LI Peijing JIAO Fan LI Yimin QIN Yuanlong HAN Dongjiang LIU Qibin Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Energy Power and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power University Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering University of Science and Technology of China

With a broad range of application prospects,hydrogen fuel cell technology is regarded as a clean and efficient energy conversion ***,challenges exist in terms of the safe storage and transportation of *** proposed solution to this problem is the utilization of methanol on-line steam reforming technology for hydrogen *** this paper,an integrated system for in-situ steam reforming of fuel coupled with proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC) power generation is proposed,and sensitivity analysis and exergy sensitivity analysis are *** the gradual utilization of waste heat and the integration of the system,fuel consumption is reduced and the power generation efficiency of the system is *** the design operating conditions,the power generation efficiency and exergy efficiency of the system are achieved at 44.59% and 39.70%,*** study presents a proven method for the efficient integration of fuel thermochemical conversion for hydrogen production with fuel cells for power generation,highlighting the advantages of complementary utilization of methanol steam reforming and PEMFC.

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Revealing the difference of Stark tuning rate between interface and bulk by surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 461-464页

作者： Manyu Zhu Fei Liang Lie Wu Zihao Li Chen Wang Shule Liu Xiue Jiang State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Research Center for Analytical Science College of ChemistryNankai University

Revealing the factors that affect the vibrational frequency of Stark probe at interface is a pre-requirement for evaluating the absolute interfacial electric *** using surface-enhanced infrared absorption(SEIRA) spectroscopy,attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD),we reveal the assembled C≡N at gold nanofilm exhibits a reduced Stark tuning rate (STR) referring to the vibrational frequency shift in response to electric field comparing with the bulk which was regulated by the electron transfer between S and *** findings lead to a deeper understanding of the vibrational Stark effect at the interface and provide guidance for improving the interface electric field theory.

关键词： Attenuated total reflection spectroscopy Cyano group Stark tuning rate Surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy Vibrational stark effect

The Hilbert expansion of the Boltzmann equation in the incompressible Euler level in a channel

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Science China Mathematics 2025年第1期68卷 39-88页

作者： Feimin Huang Weiqiang Wang Yong Wang Feng Xiao Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Computing and Stochastic Mathematics(Ministry of Education) School of Mathematics and StatisticsHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China

The study of the hydrodynamic limit of the Boltzmann equation with physical boundary is a challenging problem due to the appearance of the viscous and Knudsen boundary *** this paper,the hydrodynamic limit from the Boltzmann equation with the specular reflection boundary condition to the incompressible Euler equations in a channel is *** on the multi-scaled Hilbert expansion,the equations with boundary conditions and compatibility conditions for interior solutions,and viscous and Knudsen boundary layers are derived under different scaling,***,some uniform estimates for the interior solutions,and viscous and Knudsen boundary layers are *** the help of the L^(2)-L^(∞) framework and the uniform estimates obtained above,the solutions to the Boltzmann equation are constructed by the truncated Hilbert expansion with multiscales,and hence the hydrodynamic limit in the incompressible Euler level is justified.

关键词： Boltzmann equation incompressible Euler equations hydrodynamic limit Hilbert expansion specular reflection boundary condition viscous boundary layer Knudsen boundary layer

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Jet Flame Characteristics of High-Temperature Gas-Solid Mixed Fuels

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第02期 653-671页

作者： LU Yu FANG Neng LI Wei GUO Shuai WU Yujun HU Yujie REN Qiangqiang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Coal Engineering Shanxi Datong University

Preheating combustion/gasification technology enables efficient and environmentally friendly utilization of coal resources,but the research on the flow and reaction characteristics of high-temperature gas-solid mixed fuels produced by the technology still needs to be further *** flame can intuitively show the jet,mixing and reaction of fuel and oxidant at the outlet of the ***,this study investigates the jet flame characteristics of high-temperature gas-solid mixed fuels on a self-designed test *** temperature and gas-solid mixing are the special features of the fuel in this study,which are different from other ***,we first qualitatively compare the jet flame characteristics of high-temperature gas-solid mixed fuel with traditional *** preliminary results indicate that high-temperature gas-solid mixed fuels exhibit higher reactivity and a faster reaction rate compared to pulverized *** a result,it shows different characteristics in flame shape,ignition delay and ignition *** jet flame shape of high-temperature gas-solid mixed fuels closely resembles that of the pulverized coal group combustion flame,displaying a continuous cloud-like structure similar to the shape of a gas-fueled ***,the flame image does not show any significant ignition delay *** upon these results,this study also quantitatively analyzes the geometric parameters,temperature distribution and oscillation frequency of the high-temperature gas-solid mixed fuel jet flame under different secondary air equivalence ratios and primary air equivalence ratios,so that we can have a deeper understanding of the influence of operating parameters on the combustion/gasification process.

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The electromagnetic form factors and spin polarization of Λc+ in the process ■

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第02期 23-30页

作者：陈诚闫冰谢聚军 Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Nuclear Sciences and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT) Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The total cross sections of the process ■ close to the threshold are calculated within the vector meson dominance *** is found that the theoretical results can describe the current experimental *** nontrivial near-threshold energy dependence of the total cross sections of the process ■ can be well reproduced by considering the contributions from charmonium-like states and the Coulomb *** particular,the results for the angular distribution parameters about the differential cross section are consistent with the experiments from the BESⅢ *** addition,the relative phase ΔΦ of the electromagnetic form factors is given,and the spin polarization of Λc+is predicted at center-mass energy 4.7 *** is hopeful that this work will provide a new perspective on the characteristics of the charmed baryon Λc+.

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Attenuation of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability growth of fluid layer via double shock

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第04期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 148-155页

作者： Chenren Chen Jiaxuan Li He Wang Zhigang Zhai Xisheng Luo Advanced Propulsion Laboratory Department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Gas Dynamics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Suppression of the hydrodynamic instabilities involved in the inertial confinement fusion has attracted much attention but remains a challenge. In this work, we report the first theoretical analysis and experimental validation on attenuating the instability growth of a shock-accelerated fluid layer through a second shock impact. An analytical model is established to predict linear growth rates of the perturbations at two interfaces of the layer by considering both the effects of interface coupling and reverberating waves. Theoretically, there are nine possibilities for simultaneously attenuating the instability growths of perturbations at the two interfaces. Accordingly, shock-tube experiments are specially designed and conducted, and nine possibilities are all realized by experiments, which verifies the reliability of the analytical model and also demonstrates the feasibility of attenuating the instability growth of a fluid layer via double shock.

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Perovskite LiBaH3 for photo-assisted dinitrogen fixation

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第3期 1169-1174页

作者： Kaixun Cui Yeqin Guan Yongli Cai Runze Wang Qianru Wang Wenbo Gao Jianping Guo Ping Chen Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Establishing supply chains for future ammonia energy systems requires the development of efficient materials and processes for ammonia production under mild *** researches disclose unique functionalities of binary alkali and alkaline earth metal hydrides in mediating ammonia *** to the rich compositional and structural properties of the metalhydrogen system,we herein report that LiBaH3,as a narrow band gap perovskite hydride,exhibits a strong response to visible light ***,hydridic hydrogen undergoes reductive elimination of producing H2and creates an electron-rich *** an environment favors dinitrogen fixation to form N–H *** on this chemical property,a chemical looping ammonia synthesis process mediated by LiBaH3and driven by both photo and thermal energies was proposed and *** work demonstrates that hydride perovskites are promising candidates for mediating photo-assisted nitrogen fixation reactions.

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Precise spectroscopy of metastable Li+ using the optical Ramsey technique in support of time dilation tests

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Photonics Research 2025年第01期13卷 201-209页

作者： PENG-PENG ZHOU SHAO-LONG CHEN CHENG-GANG QIN XU-RUI CHANG ZHI-QIANG ZHOU WEI SUN YAO HUANG KE-LIN GAO HUA GUAN State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Information Engineering University Key Laboratory of Time Reference and Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics PGMF and School of PhysicsHuazhong University of Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Qinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology

Time dilation constitutes a crucial aspect of Lorentz invariance within special relativity and undergoes constant scrutiny through numerous Ives-Stilwell-type experiments employing the Doppler *** our study,we employed optical Ramsey spectroscopy on a Li+ion beam to enhance the precision of measuring the intrinsic transition frequency 2～3S1-2～3P2to the level of four parts in 1010with speed of *** findings reconciled an existing 2 MHz disparity between collinear and perpendicular laser spectroscopy.

关键词： Doppler effect Frequency combs Laser beams Nodal aberration theory Optical clocks Optical fields