Background: Beef cattle breeding programs in Brazil have placed greater emphasis on the genomic study of reproductive traits of males and females due to their economic importance. In this study, genome-wide associati...
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Background: Beef cattle breeding programs in Brazil have placed greater emphasis on the genomic study of reproductive traits of males and females due to their economic importance. In this study, genome-wide associations were assessed for scrotal circumference at 210 d of age, scrotal circumference at 420 d of age, age at first calving, and age at second calving, in Canchim beef cattle. Data quality control was conducted resulting in 672,778 SNPs and 392 ***: Associated SNPs were observed for scrotal circumference at 420 d of age(435 SNPs), followed by scrotal circumference at 210 d of age(12 SNPs), age at first calving(six SNPs), and age at second calving(four SNPs). We investigated whether significant SNPs were within genic or surrounding regions. Biological processes of genes were associated with immune system, multicellular organismal process, response to stimulus, apoptotic process, cellular component organization or biogenesis, biological adhesion, and ***: Few associations were observed for scrotal circumference at 210 d of age, age at first calving, and age at second calving, reinforcing their polygenic inheritance and the complexity of understanding the genetic architecture of reproductive traits. Finding many associations for scrotal circumference at 420 d of age in various regions of the Canchim genome also reveals the difficulty of targeting specific candidate genes that could act on fertility; nonetheless,the high linkage disequilibrium between loci herein estimated could aid to overcome this issue. Therefore, al relevant information about genomic regions influencing reproductive traits may contribute to target candidate genes for further investigation of causal mutations and aid in future genomic studies in Canchim cattle to improve the breeding program.
Huntington’s(HD)and Parkinson’s diseases(PD)are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the death of GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia leading to hyperkinetic and hypokinetic symptoms,*** review ...
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Huntington’s(HD)and Parkinson’s diseases(PD)are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the death of GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia leading to hyperkinetic and hypokinetic symptoms,*** review here the participation of purinergic receptors through intracellular Ca^2+signaling in these neurodegenerative *** adenosine A2A receptor stimulates striatopallidal GABAergic neurons,resulting in inhibitory actions on GABAergic neurons of the globus pallidus.A2A and dopamine D2 receptors form functional heteromeric complexes inducing allosteric inhibition,and A2A receptor activation results in motor ***,the A2A receptor physically and functionally interacts with glutamate receptors,mainly with the mGlu5 receptor *** interaction facilitates glutamate release,resulting in NMDA glutamate receptor activation and an increase of Ca2+influx.P2X7 receptor activation also promotes glutamate release and neuronal ***,modulation of purinergic receptor activity,such as A2A and P2X7 receptors,and subsequent aberrant Ca^2+signaling,might present interesting therapeutic potential for HD and PD.
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