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Proton‑Prompted Ligand Exchange to Achieve High‑Efficiency CsPbI_(3) Quantum Dot Light‑Emitting Diodes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第6期16卷 53-62页

作者： Yanming Li Ming Deng Xuanyu Zhang Lei Qian Chaoyu Xiang Laboratory of Advanced Nano‑Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Qianwan Institute of CNITECHNingbo 315300People’s Republic of China Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201People’s Republic of China zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology&EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201People’s Republic of China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211ZhejiangPeople’s Republic of China University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo 315100People’s Republic of China

CsPbI_(3)perovskite quantum dots(QDs)are ideal materials for the next generation of red light-emitting ***,the low phase stability of CsPbI_(3)QDs and long-chain insulating capping ligands hinder the improvement of device *** in-situ ligand replacement and ligand exchange after synthesis were often difficult to ***,we proposed a new ligand exchange strategy using a proton-prompted insitu exchange of short 5-aminopentanoic acid ligands with long-chain oleic acid and oleylamine ligands to obtain stable small-size CsPbI_(3)*** exchange strategy maintained the size and morphology of CsPbI_(3)QDs and improved the optical properties and the conductivity of CsPbI_(3)QDs *** a result,high-efficiency red QD-based light-emitting diodes with an emission wavelength of 645 nm demonstrated a record maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.45%and an operational half-life of 10.79 h.

关键词： CsPbI_(3) perovskite quantum dots Light-emitting diodes Ligand exchange Proton-prompted in-situ exchange

Superconducting ternary hydrides: progress and challenges

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 47-61页

作者： Wendi Zhao Xiaoli Huang Zihan Zhang Su Chen Mingyang Du Defang Duan Tian Cui Institute of High Pressure Physics School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials College of Physics Jilin University

Since the discovery of the high-temperature superconductors H3S and LaH10under high pressure,compressed hydrides have received extensive attention as promising candidates for room-temperature superconductors. As a result of current high-pressure theoretical and experimental studies, it is now known that almost all the binary hydrides with a high superconducting transition temperature（Tc） require extremely high pressure to remain stable, hindering any practical application. In order to further lower the stable pressure and improve superconductivity, researchers have started exploring ternary hydrides and had many achievements in recent years. Here, we discuss recent progress in ternary hydrides, aiming to deepen the understanding of the key factors regulating the structural stability and superconductivity of ternary hydrides, such as structural motifs, bonding features, electronic structures, electron–phonon coupling, ***, the current issues and challenges of superconducting ternary hydrides are presented, together with the prospects and opportunities for future research.

关键词： high pressure ternary hydrides conventional superconductivity electron–phonon coupling

An orchestrated ethylene-gibberellin signaling cascade contributes to mesocotyl elongation and emergence of rice direct seeding

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第7期66卷 1427-1439页

作者： Yusong Lyu Xinli Dong Shipeng Niu Ruijie Cao Gaoneng Shao Zhonghua Sheng Guiai Jiao Lihong Xie Shikai Hu Shaoqing Tang Xiangjin Wei Peisong Hu State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

A mechanized direct seeding of rice with less labor and water usage,has been widely ***,this approach requires varieties that exhibit uniform seedling *** elongation(ME)offers the main drive of fast emergence of rice seedlings from soils;nevertheless,its genetic basis remains ***,we identify a major rice quantitative trait locus Mesocotyl Elongation1(qME1),an allele of the Green Revolution gene Semi-Dwarf1(SD1),encoding GA20-oxidase for gibberellin(GA)***1 expression is strongly induced by soil depth and *** rice grains are direct-seeded in soils,the ethylene core signaling factor OsEIL1 directly promotes ME1 transcription,accelerating bioactive GA *** GAs further degrade the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE 1(SLR1),alleviating its inhibition of rice PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR-LIKE13(OsPIL13)to activate the downstream expansion gene OsEXPA4 and ultimately promote rice seedling ME and *** ancient traits of long mesocotyl and strong emergence ability in wild rice and landrace were gradually lost in company with the Green Revolution dwarf breeding process,and an elite ME1-R allele(D349H)is found in some modern Geng varieties(long mesocotyl lengths)in northern China,which can be used in the direct seeding and dwarf breeding of Geng ***,the ectopic and high expression of ME1 driven by mesocotyl-specific promoters resulted in rice plants that could be direct-seeded without obvious plant architecture or yield ***,we reveal the molecular mechanism of rice ME,and provide useful information for breeding new Green Revolution varieties with long mesocotyl suitable for direct-seeding practice.

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa L.) direct seeding Green Revolu-tion mesocotyl elongation ethylene gibberellin semi-dwarf1(SD1)

SpikingMiniLM: energy-efficient spiking transformer for natural language understanding

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 115-128页

作者： Jiayu ZHANG Jiangrong SHEN Zeke WANG Qinghai GUO Rui YAN Gang PAN Huajin TANG College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University The State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence Zhejiang University Collaborative innovation Center of Artificial Intelligence Zhejiang University Advanced Computing and Storage Laboratory Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration Zhejiang University

In the era of large-scale pretrained models, artificial neural networks（ANNs） have excelled in natural language understanding（NLU） tasks. However, their success often necessitates substantial computational resources and energy consumption. To address this, we explore the potential of spiking neural networks（SNNs） in NLU——a promising avenue with demonstrated advantages, including reduced power consumption and improved efficiency due to their event-driven characteristics. We propose the SpikingMiniLM,a novel spiking Transformer model tailored for natural language understanding. We first introduce a multi-step encoding method to convert text embeddings into spike trains. Subsequently, we redesign the attention mechanism and residual connections to make our model operate on the pure spike-based paradigm without any normalization technique. To facilitate stable and fast convergence, we propose a general parameter initialization method grounded in the stable firing rate principle. Furthermore, we apply an ANN-to-SNN knowledge distillation to overcome the challenges of pretraining SNNs. Our approach achieves a macro-average score of 75.5 on the dev sets of the GLUE benchmark, retaining 98% of the performance exhibited by the teacher model MiniLMv2. Our smaller model also achieves similar performance to BERTMINIwith fewer parameters and much lower energy consumption, underscoring its competitiveness and resource efficiency in NLU tasks.

关键词： spiking neural networks natural language understanding spiking Transformer spike-based attention multi-step encoding ANN-to-SNN distillation

Progress and Implications from Genetic Studies of Bipolar Disorder

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第8期40卷 1160-1172页

作者： Lingzhuo Kong Yiqing Chen Yuting Shen Danhua Zhang Chen Wei Jianbo Lai Shaohua Hu Department of Psychiatry the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in zhejiang Province Hangzhou310003China Brain Research Institute of zhejiang University Hangzhou310003China zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health Hangzhou310003China Department of Neurobiology NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologySchool of Brain Science and Brian Medicineand MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine IntegrationZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China

With the advancements in gene sequencing technologies,including genome-wide association studies,polygenetic risk scores,and high-throughput sequencing,there has been a tremendous advantage in mapping a detailed blueprint for the genetic model of bipolar disorder(BD).To date,intriguing genetic clues have been identified to explain the development of BD,as well as the genetic association that might be applied for the development of susceptibility prediction and pharmacogenetic *** genes of BD,such as CACNA1C,ANK3,TRANK1,and CLOCK,have been found to be involved in various pathophysiological processes correlated with *** the specific roles of these genes have yet to be determined,genetic research on BD will help improve the prevention,therapeutics,and prognosis in clinical *** latest preclinical and clinical studies,and reviews of the genetics of BD,are analyzed in this review,aiming to summarize the progress in this intriguing field and to provide perspectives for individualized,precise,and effective clinical practice.

关键词： Bipolar disorder Genetics Risk gene Genome-wide association study Sequencing technology

Discovery and characterization of naturally occurring covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)from the antiviral herb Ephedra

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第9期22卷 797-807页

作者： HU Qing ZHANG Yiwen CHEN Pengcheng ZHANG Yani ZHU Guanghao LIU Wei WANG Chaoran ZHENG Shuilian SHEN Nonger WANG Haonan HUANG Ping GE Guangbo Center for Clinical Pharmacy Cancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital(Affiliated People’s Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou 310014China Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200021China Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China

The Chinese herb Ephedra(also known as Mahuang)has been extensively utilized for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus-induced diseases,including coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds and mechanisms have not been fully *** main protease(M^(pro))of SARS-CoV-2 is a highly conserved enzyme responsible for proteolytic processing during the viral life cycle,making it a critical target for the development of antiviral *** study aimed to identify naturally occurring covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)from Ephedra and to investigate their covalent binding *** results demonstrated that the non-alkaloid fraction of Ephedra(ENA)exhibited a potent inhibitory effect against the SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)effect,whereas the alkaloid fraction did ***,the chemical constituents in ENA were identified,and the major constituents'anti-SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)effects were *** the tested constituents,herbacetin(HE)and gallic acid(GA)were found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)in a time-and dose-dependent *** combination displayed a significant synergistic effect on this key ***,various techniques,including inhibition kinetic assays,chemoproteomic methods,and molecular dynamics simulations,were employed to further elucidate the synergistic anti-M^(pro)mechanisms of the combination of HE and ***,this study deciphers the naturally occurring covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)from Ephedra and characterizes their synergistic anti-M^(pro)synergistic effect,providing robust evidence to support the anti-coronavirus efficacy of Ephedra.

关键词： Main protease Ephedra Ephedra non-alkaloid fraction Covalent inhibitors Synergistic effect

Optimized Binary Neural Networks for Road Anomaly Detection:A TinyML Approach on Edge Devices

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 527-546页

作者： Amna Khatoon Weixing Wang Asad Ullah Limin Li Mengfei Wang School of Information Engineering Chang’an UniversityXi’an710064China School of Information Engineering Xi’an Eurasia UniversityXi’an710065China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China

Integrating Tiny Machine Learning(TinyML)with edge computing in remotely sensed images enhances the capabilities of road anomaly detection on a broader *** devices efficiently implement a Binary Neural Network(BNN)for road feature extraction,utilizing quantization and compression through a pruning *** modifications resulted in a 28-fold decrease in memory usage and a 25%enhancement in inference speed while only experiencing a 2.5%decrease in *** showcases its superiority over conventional detection algorithms in different road image *** constrained by computer resources and training datasets,our results indicate opportunities for future research,demonstrating that quantization and focused optimization can significantly improve machine learning models’accuracy and operational *** Cortex-M0 gives practical feasibility and substantial benefits while deploying our optimized BNN model on this low-power device:Advanced machine learning in edge *** analysis work delves into the educational significance of TinyML and its essential function in analyzing road networks using remote sensing,suggesting ways to improve smart city frameworks in road network assessment,traffic management,and autonomous vehicle navigation systems by emphasizing the importance of new technologies for maintaining and safeguarding road networks.

关键词： Edge computing remote sensing TinyML optimization BNNs road anomaly detection quantization model compression

Unveiling the Re,Cr,and I diffusion in saturated compacted bentonite using machine-learning methods

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第6期35卷 65-77页

作者： Zheng-Ye Feng Jun-Lei Tian Tao Wu Guo-Jun Wei Zhi-Long Li Xiao-Qiong Shi Yong-Jia Wang Qing-Feng Li Department of Engineering Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000China Institute of Theoretical Physics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China College of Physics Science and Technology Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110034China

The safety assessment of high-level radioactive waste repositories requires a high predictive accuracy for radionuclide diffusion and a comprehensive understanding of the diffusion *** this study,a through-diffusion method and six machine-learning methods were employed to investigate the diffusion of ReO_(4)^(−),HCrO_(4)^(−),and I−in saturated compacted bentonite under different salinities and compacted dry *** machine-learning models were trained using two *** dataset contained six input features and 293 instances obtained from the diffusion database system of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA-DDB)and 15 *** other dataset,comprising 15,000 pseudo-instances,was produced using a multi-porosity model and contained eight input *** results indicate that the former dataset yielded a higher predictive accuracy than the *** gradient-boosting exhibited a higher prediction accuracy(R2=0.92)and lower error(MSE=0.01)than the other machine-learning *** addition,Shapley Additive Explanations,Feature Importance,and Partial Dependence Plot analysis results indicate that the rock capacity factor and compacted dry density had the two most significant effects on predicting the effective diffusion coefficient,thereby offering valuable insights.

关键词： Machine learning Effective diffusion coefficient Through-diffusion experiment Multi-porosity model Global analysis

Strong ferroelectric and luminescence properties of 0-3 type 0.8BaTiO_(3)-0.2CaTiO_(3):Pr^(3+)composite ceramics prepared by cold sintering process

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第7期13卷 1002-1010页

作者： Xiaocui Rao Xueling Yang Renbing Sun Peng Du Hai Jiang Yao Huang Laihui Luo Department of Microelectronics Science and Engineering School of Physical Science and TechnologyNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China College of Materials Science and Engineering Ningbo University of TechnologyNingbo 315016China

0-3 type ferroelectric-phosphor composite ceramics cannot be prepared by the traditional solid-state sintering(SSS)method due to the strong chemical reaction between ferroelectrics and phosphors during high-temperature *** cold sintering process(CSP)may solve this issue by densifying ceramics at ultralow sintering *** this work,dense 0-3 type 0.8BaTiO_(3)-0.2CaTiO_(3):Pr^(3+)(0.8BT-0.2CT:Pr^(3+))binary composite ceramics were fabricated at an ultralow temperature of 225℃via CSP with the Ba(OH)2·8H2O hydrated *** effects of the Ba(OH)_(2)·8H2O content,sintering temperature,and sintering time on the microstructure and densification of the ceramics were *** density of the composite ceramics prepared by the optimized sintering parameters reaches 89%.Both energy-dispersive X-ray(EDX)spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction(XRD)confirm the existence of BT and CT:Pr^(3+)phases in the prepared ceramics.A strong ferroelectric performance is obtained,and the luminescent properties of CT:Pr^(3+)are preserved for the ***,the 0.8BT-0.2CT:Pr^(3+)composite ceramics prepared by CSP have stronger photoluminescence and photo-stimulated luminescence than their counterparts prepared by cold sintering assistance(CSA)and SSS ***,CSP is a promising method for combining luminescent and ferroelectric properties into 0-3 type composite ceramics.

关键词： single-step densification cold sintering composite ceramics ferroelectric luminescence