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Improving Access to Quality Care in Family Planning:who’s Four Cornerstones of Evidence-based Guidance

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2007年第2期18卷 63-71页

作者： Shang-chun WU Yan ZOU K Church O Meirik National Research Institute for Population and Family Planning Beijing 100081 China Worm Health Organization Geneva

The four cornerstones of guidance in technique service of family planning are established by who based on high quality evidences. They have been updated according to the appearing new evidences, and the consensuses were reached by the international experts in this field. The four documents include Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, Decision-making Tool for Family Planning Clients and Providers and The Global Handbook for Family Planning Providers. The first two documents mainly face to the policymakers and programme managers and were treated as the important references for creating the local guideline. The other two documents were developed for the front-line health-care and family planning providers at different levels, which include plenty of essential technical information to help providers improve their ability in service delivery and counselling. China paid great attention to the introduction and application of who guidelines. As soon as the newer editions of these documents were available, the Chinese version would be followed. who guidelines have been primarily adapted with the newly issued national guideline, The Clinical Practical Skill Guidelines-Family Planning Part, which was established by China Medical Association. At the same time, the who guidelines have been introduced to some of the clinicians and family planning providers at different levels. In the future, more special training courses will be introduced to the township level based on the needs of grass-root providers.

关键词： family planning technique service evidence-based guideline

who/湖南省健康促进学校试点项目考核效果分析

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实用预防医学 1998年第3期5卷 165-166页

作者：张湘君李光春李树民肖学诗周丽君王革生易翠徽湖南省卫生防疫站!410005 衡东县卫生防疫站

健康促进学校是who的一项全球行动计划。根据我省人体寄生虫分布调查结果显示，学生肠道蠕虫感染率为81．8％（10277／12666）[1]。为降低学生感染率，我们在who的资助下，于1996年4月至1997年12月开展了who／湖南省健康促进学校试点，... 详细信息

健康促进学校是who的一项全球行动计划。根据我省人体寄生虫分布调查结果显示，学生肠道蠕虫感染率为81．8％（10277／12666）[1]。为降低学生感染率，我们在who的资助下，于1996年4月至1997年12月开展了who／湖南省健康促进学校试点，并进行了年度效果考核，现将结果报告如下．1对象与方法1．1在肠道蠕虫感染率为50％的衡东县吴集镇社区内的32所村小学和3所中学的在校学生5213人中，随机抽取青草湖、水湖、新民、红坪、吴集和中心等6所小学1～3年级和吴集中学1年级学生共1200人为观察对象。1．2将观察学生按学校分为A，B，C三组，在同时期内实施相同和不同的干预措施：A组为青草湖、水湖、新民三所小学学生，以驱虫为主；B组为吴集中学和红坪完小学生，采取驱虫和健康教育相结合；C组为吴集完小和中心小学，采取驱虫、健康教育和环境改善等干预措施。1．3分别于1996年10月和1997年10月对观察学生进行基线和追踪调查。内容包括粪检：用改良加藤厚涂片法查肠道蠕虫卵；测定学生的身高、体重、血红蛋白；检查视力和龋齿；对学生和家长的卫生知识水平和卫生行为状况进行问卷调查。1.4于1996年12月、1997年4月...

关键词：健康促进学校肠道蠕虫总感染率 who 湖南省

who关于耳疾与听觉障碍调查方案在贵州省的实施报告

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临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志 2007年第16期21卷 731-734页

作者：王幼勤杨崇玲许世文薛晓红李斐刘宇清叶清贵州省人民医院听力中心贵阳550002 贵州省疾病预防控制中心传染病防治研究所

目的:在贵州省开展以人群为基础的耳疾和听力减退患病率、病因和需求的调查。方法:用容量比例概率抽样(PPS)方法对贵州省30个调查点6 626人进行听力和耳疾调查(who方案)。结果:听力减退患病率为17.1%,全国标准化患病率为17.6%,其中轻度1... 详细信息

目的:在贵州省开展以人群为基础的耳疾和听力减退患病率、病因和需求的调查。方法:用容量比例概率抽样(PPS)方法对贵州省30个调查点6 626人进行听力和耳疾调查(who方案)。结果:听力减退患病率为17.1%,全国标准化患病率为17.6%,其中轻度11.0%,中度4.2%,重度1.4%,极重度0.5%;男性患病663人(20.2%),女性患病468人(14.0%)。听力残疾患病率为6.1%,全国标化率6.5%;引起听力减退的可能原因:耳疾31.4%,非感染因素42.5%,遗传因素6.7%,传染病0.4%,病因不明29.3%。13.8%的调查对象需要耳科和听力学干预,助听器需求占首位(9.1%)。结论:听力减退和听力残疾患病率较过去20年明显升高,为政府制定预防和控制耳聋计划提供了科学依据。

关键词：听觉障碍流行病学贵州

who药品预认证项目为我国药品生产企业的国际化开辟道路

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中国医药工业杂志 2014年第7期45卷 697-700,I0001,I0002页

作者：黄宝斌许明哲白东亭武志昂吴春福中国食品药品检定研究院北京100050 沈阳药科大学辽宁沈阳110016

世界卫生组织(who)药品预认证(PQ)项目参照国际标准,确保采购药品的质量、安全性和有效性,适用的药品选自who基本药物示范目录和需求地区的疾病治疗指南。申请参与who PQ包括申请提出、资料评审、现场检查等5个环节。目前我国药品生产... 详细信息

世界卫生组织(who)药品预认证(PQ)项目参照国际标准,确保采购药品的质量、安全性和有效性,适用的药品选自who基本药物示范目录和需求地区的疾病治疗指南。申请参与who PQ包括申请提出、资料评审、现场检查等5个环节。目前我国药品生产企业通过who PQ的数量比较少,主要有以下4方面原因:国内外标准的差异,对项目的要求和流程认识不足,企业生产品种与项目需求品种不相符以及企业员工英语沟通和表达能力弱。但是,当前国内外政策环境会激发我国药品生产企业申请who PQ的积极性和潜能。经综合分析项目的局限性和对申请企业的利好,本文认为who PQ项目是我国制药企业国际化的一条有效途径。对于着手申请的企业,建议要充分调研国际市场和潜在的竞争对手,尤其要关注原料药的稳定供应和生物等效性试验用参比制剂的可获得性。

关键词： who药品预认证项目药品生产企业国际化

who与我国基本药物目录中心血管用药的比较研究

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中国药房 2011年第32期22卷 2984-2990页

作者：杨悦邹韵田丽娟傅书勇胡欣武志昂沈阳药科大学工商管理学院沈阳市110016 卫生部北京医院北京市100780

目的:为我国心血管类基本药物调整提供参考。方法:比较《国家基本药物目录·基层医疗卫生机构配备使用部分》(2009版)(以下简称"我国目录")与世界卫生组织(who)第16版《基本药物示范目录》(以下简称"who目录")中心血管用药的遴选原则、... 详细信息

目的:为我国心血管类基本药物调整提供参考。方法:比较《国家基本药物目录·基层医疗卫生机构配备使用部分》(2009版)(以下简称"我国目录")与世界卫生组织(who)第16版《基本药物示范目录》(以下简称"who目录")中心血管用药的遴选原则、品种、剂型与规格等方面的异同。结果:(1)我国心血管基本药物共29种,who心血管基本药物为19种,两目录重合的药物有10种;(2)我国目录中收录了who曾经调出的利血平、普鲁卡因胺以及异丙肾上腺素;(3)我国收录同种作用机制的心血管基本药物数量多为2种或2种以上,而who收录的同种作用机制的心血管基本药物数量多为1种;(4)我国获批的29种心血管用药存在着48种制剂品种,而who目录中的19种药品制剂品种为29种;(5)我国目录中未规定规格,目录中的16种口服常释剂型的心血管用药,在我国共获批了43种规格,平均每种药物有2.68种规格,平均每种规格的药物获批生产的文号数为37.56,固体口服制剂的规格符合其成人口服单次最低剂量的比例占43.8%,而who则达到了83.3%。结论:我国目录中心血管用药的数量逐渐接近who目录,但是重合率不高,目录调整缺少循证依据,也缺少对剂型、规格的规范;建议加强对心血管用药的循证评价,规范剂型规格。

关键词：基本药物目录心血管用药品种剂型规格

以抗高血压药为例浅析who对基本药物的系统评价

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中国药房 2011年第32期22卷 2990-2993页

作者：杨悦刘璐郭莹黄哲王淑玲胡欣武志昂沈阳药科大学工商管理学院沈阳市110016 卫生部北京医院北京市100780

目的:研究系统评价方法在世界卫生组织(who)调入和调出基本药物过程中的使用,为我国调整基本药物目录时强化循证方法提供参考。方法:采用文献法,全面检索MedLine、EMbase、CochraneCENTRAL等数据库,检索所有被who纳入抗高血压药系统评... 详细信息

目的:研究系统评价方法在世界卫生组织(who)调入和调出基本药物过程中的使用,为我国调整基本药物目录时强化循证方法提供参考。方法:采用文献法,全面检索MedLine、EMbase、CochraneCENTRAL等数据库,检索所有被who纳入抗高血压药系统评价研究的参考文献,以搜集who对抗高血压药进行调整的证据;与我国2009版《国家基本药物目录·基层医疗卫生机构配备使用部分》进行比较,分析两者差异。结果与结论:who对基本药物的调整是在对所有相关证据进行系统评价的基础上进行的,而我国尚未采用系统评价法进行基本药物遴选,目录缺乏循证证据的支持。我国应建立科学的系统评价方法,结合who的评价结果,对我国的基本药物目录进行科学、客观的调整。

关键词：基本药物抗高血压药系统评价目录调整

推荐分级的评估、制定与评价方法以及who在基本药物遴选中的应用

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中国药房 2011年第32期22卷 2977-2981页

作者：杨悦何畔邹韵王贺武志昂沈阳药科大学工商管理学院沈阳市110016

目的:研究推荐分级的评估、制定与评价(GRADE)方法以及who在基本药物遴选中的应用情况,为我国基本药物遴选提供借鉴。方法:采用文献研究方法,搜集所有介绍GRADE方法的文献以及使用GRADE方法对基本药物调入调出证据进行评价的参考文献。... 详细信息

目的:研究推荐分级的评估、制定与评价(GRADE)方法以及who在基本药物遴选中的应用情况,为我国基本药物遴选提供借鉴。方法:采用文献研究方法,搜集所有介绍GRADE方法的文献以及使用GRADE方法对基本药物调入调出证据进行评价的参考文献。结果与结论:GRADE方法是who保证基本药物遴选科学性的重要方法,满足了其遴选标准规定的对安全性、有效性、经济性方面的要求。我国应充分利用who与国内外相关技术和信息资源,学习并且借鉴GRADE方法,使我国基本药物遴选更加科学、客观。

关键词： GRADE 世界卫生组织基本药物遴选金刚烷胺金刚乙胺

Location of Disaster Management Bases Using Spatial Analysis

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2024年第1期33卷 1-29页

作者： Hadi Nayyeri Sahar Zandi Mahmood Souri Department of Geomorphology Faculty of Natural ResourceUniversity of KurdistanSanandajKurdistanIran Department of Geography Sciences Kharazmi UniversityTehranIran Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic Employee of Iran HamedanIran

Pre-crisis management involves the optimal selection of relief and rescue centers to minimize *** is particularly vulnerable due to its location on the Alpine-Himalaya seismic belt,resulting in an average death rate six times higher than the global average during ***,selecting appropriate relief and rescue centers is crucial to Iran’s disaster *** selecting the placement of rescue centers,accessibility and the appropriateness of the land should be taken into account as well as the distance from high-risk *** location of these centers does not require any particular *** address this issue,a study was conducted utilizing GIS,artificial neural networks,fuzzy logic,and mathematical models to determine the optimal placement based on 12 indicators within two clusters:natural and *** examine the information layers of the initial stage,a spatial data repository concerning the variables impacting the placement of these centers was established using *** functions and algorithms such as Fuzzy Logic in IDRISI,TOPSIS,and VIKOR software,the layers were assessed for weightage before being *** study’s analysis of the models used revealed that the positioning priority limits of the areas differed across all four ***,the areas with high desirability varied to a greater extent:the fuzzy model varied by 9.3%,neural network by 12.4%,VIKOR by 4.5%,and TOPSIS by 16.2%.The variance in results can be attributed to the differing levels of risk acceptance and non-acceptance in each ***,the study yielded other significant findings such as the correlation between study area size and model ***,smaller study areas exhibited higher model *** research also demonstrated that both fuzzy and VIKOR models achieved greater *** a result,employing these models in crisis management planning,particularly in pre-crisis management for identifying rescue center lo

关键词： Crisis management GIS earthquake risk site selection

Urgent needs in fostering neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)laboratory capacity in who Western Pacific Region:results from the external quality assessment on NTDs diagnosis in 2012-2015

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 955-962页

作者： Yan Lu Glenda Gonzales Shao-Hong Chen Hao Li Yu-Chun Cai Yan-Hong Chu Lin Ai Mu-Xin Chen Hai-Ning Chen Jia-Xu Chen National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionKey Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyMinistry of HealthWHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases207 Ruijin Er RdShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Malaria Other Vector borne and Parasitic Diseases(MVP)unitthe World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western PacificP.O.Box 29321000 ManilaPhilippines National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention207 Ruijin Er RdShanghai 200025China

Background:Neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)are a heterogeneous group of mainly chronic,debilitating and often stigmatizing diseases that largely affects low-income and politically marginalized populations,causing a large burden of public health,social and economies in the NTDs endemic *** are caused by infections with a range of pathogen,including bacteria,parasites,protozoa and *** accurate diagnosis of NTDs is important for reducing morbidity,preventing mortality and for monitoring of control *** Quality Assessment(EQA),a component of laboratory quality assurance,aims to assess the performance of participating laboratories in detecting parasitic *** aim of this paper is to report the findings and put forward the recommendations on capacity build from the EQA results of participating NTDs laboratories in selected countries in the who Western Pacific Region from 2012 to ***:Reference or public health laboratories at national level working on NTDs in 6 countries participated in EQAs organized by the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases(NIPD)of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)based in Shanghai,*** representatives of each participating laboratory were invited to NIPD to detect NTDs’parasitic infections using the same prepared samples for serological tests(IHA and ELISA)and helminth eggs’morphological tests(Direct smear and Kato-Katz).All of the results were scored and analyzed by using SPSS statistics 19.0 ***:The percentage of participants who had EQA score≥60 during 2012-2015 for direct smear test were 80.00%(2012),71.43%(2013),100%(2014)and 75.00%(2015),whereas for Kato-Katz test were 80.00%(2012),57.14%(2013),100%(2014)and 37.50%(2015),*** detection rate of helminth eggs varied in different species,with Ascaris lumbricoides being the highest at 94.07%in *** laboratories did very well with ELISA tests as shown by the high scores in all four years e

关键词： Neglected tropical diseases Diagnosis External quality assessment Western Pacific Region