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Stakeholder Perspectives on Use,Trade,and Conservation of Medicinal Plants in the Rasuwa District of Central Nepal

Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第1期8卷 75-86页

作者： Yadav UPRETY Ram C.POUDEL Hugo ASSELIN Emmanuel K.BOON Krishna K.SHRESTHA Human Ecology Department Vrije Universiteit BrusselLaarbeeklaan 109B-1090 BrusselsBelgium Canada Research Chair in Aboriginal Forestry Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue445Boulevard de l'UniversitéRouyn-NorandaQuébecJ9X 5E4Canada Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University

People's livelihood in several Himalayan regions largely depends on collection,use,and trade of medicinal *** use is generally not a problem,but commercial gathering of selected species to meet increasing national and international demand can result in *** management of medicinal plants requires a clear understanding of the respective roles,responsibilities and viewpoints of the various stakeholders *** personal interviews and group discussions,this study aimed at investigating the views of two stakeholder groups on use,trade and conservation of medicinal plants in the Rasuwa district of *** people and district and national organizations agreed that medicinal plants are collected for a combination of commercial and personal *** on market availability differed significantly:100 % of the respondents from district and national organizations saw markets as easily available,against only 36 % for local *** could explain why medicinal plants were perceived by local people to contribute less to income generation than to livelihood *** viewpoints were also expressed concerning the status of medicinal plants in the district:81 % of the respondents from district and national organizationsconsidered that medicinal plants were threatened,compared to only 28 % for local *** this disparity,both stakeholder groups agreed upon potential threats to medicinal plants:over-harvesting;habitat loss due to land-use change and deforestation;and over-grazing by *** challenges were identified regarding sustainable management of medicinal plants,such as ambiguous policies;lack of resources,information and infrastructures;habitat degradation;and *** these challenges,respondents agreed that the medicinal plants sector offers huge opportunities in the Rasuwa district,given resource availability,community awareness and motivation,and the priority given

关键词： Medicinal plants Livelihood improvement Income generation Himalaya Local people Conservation Policy

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Application of fuzzy logic approach for landslide susceptibility mapping in Garuwa sub-basin, East Nepal

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第4期6卷 420-432页

作者： Prabin KAYASTHA Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels 1050 Pleinlaan 2 Belgium Mountain Risk Engineering-Unit Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Kathmandu Nepal

Landslide is one of the major natural disasters which cause extensive loss of life and property. During the last three decades, different researchers have developed different methodologies to prepare landslide susceptibility mapping and hazard assessment in the world. The main goal of this paper is to apply a fuzzy logic approach to landslide susceptibility mapping in the Garuwa sub-basin area, East Nepal. Eight different causative factors are considered： slope angle, slope aspect, slope shape, relative relief, distance from drainage, land use, geology, and distance from active faults. Likelihood ratios are obtained for each class of causative factors by comparison with past landslide occurrences. Then, the likelihood ratios are normalized between zero and one to obtain fuzzy membership values. Next, different fuzzy operators are applied to generate landslide susceptibility maps. Compar- ison with the landslide inventory map reveals that the fuzzy gamma （γ） operator with a y-value of 0.70 yields the best prediction accuracy which is then used to produce the final landslide susceptibility zonation map.

关键词： landslide susceptibility fuzzy logic GIS Garuwa sub-basin Nepal

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Impact of enclosure management on soil properties and microbial biomass in a restored semi-arid rangeland, Kenya

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第5期6卷 561-570页

作者： Stephen M MUREITHI Ann VERDOODT Charles KK GACHENE Jesse T NJOKA Vivian O WASONGA Stefaan De NEVE Elizabeth MEYERHOFF Eric Van RANST Laboratory of Soil Science Department of Geology and Soil Science Ghent University Department of Land Resources Management and Agricultural Technology University of Nairobi Research Unit of Soil Degradation and Conservation Department of Soil Management Ghent University Rehabilitation of Arid Environments Trust

Rangeland degradation is a serious problem throughout sub-Saharan Africa and its restoration is a challenge for the management of arid and semi-arid areas. In Lake Baringo Basin of Kenya, communities and individual farmers are restoring indigenous vegetation inside enclosures in an effort to combat severe land degradation and address their livelihood problems. This study evaluated the impact of enclosure management on soil properties and microbial biomass, being key indicators of soil ecosystem health. Six reseeded communal enclosures using soil embankments as water-harvesting structures and strictly regulated access were selected, varying in age from 13 to 23 years. In six private enclosures, ranging from 3 to 17 years in age, individual farmers emulated the communal enclosure strategy and restored areas for their exclusive use. Significant decreases in bulk density, and increases in the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and microbial biomass contents and stocks were found in the enclosures as compared with the degraded open rangeland. In the private enclosures, the impact of rehabilitation on the soil quality was variable, and soil quality was in general lower than that obtained under communal management. The significant increase of absolute stocks of carbon, nitrogen and microbial biomass compared to the degraded open rangeland indicates the potential for the restoration of soil quality through range rehabilitation. Over-sowing with indigenous legume fodder species could improve total nitrogen content in the soil and nutritional value of the pastures as well.

关键词： rangeland degradation enclosures microbial biomass rehabilitation reseeding soil quality Kenya

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Tree-based ecosystem services supply and multifunctionality of church forests and their agricultural matrix near Lake Tana,Ethiopia

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第6期10卷 656-667页

作者： Ferehiwot Mequanint Tobias Fremout Diederik Strubbe Alemayehu Wassie Shimelis Aynalem Enyew Adgo Jan Nyssen Amaury Frankl Luc Lens Bart Muys Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management Bahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia Terrestrial Ecology Unit Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium Division Forest Natureand LandscapeKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Alliance Biodiversity International–CIAT LimaPeru Organization for Rehabilitation and Development in Amhara Bahir DarEthiopia Department of Natural Resource Management Bahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia Department of Geography Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium INRAE AMAPIRDCIRADCNRSUniversity MontpellierBld de La Lironde34398Montpellier Cedex 5France

Ecosystem services(ES)are the connection between nature and society,and are essential for the well-being of local communities that depend on *** Ethiopia,church forests and the surrounding agricultural matrix supply numerous ***,the ES delivered by both land use types have not yet been assessed *** we surveyed both church forests and their agricultural matrices,aiming to quantify,compare and unravel the drivers underlying tree-based ES supply,density and *** found that almost all church forests and half of the agricultural matrices provided high ES *** multifunctionality was higher in the agricultural matrices,suggesting that people deliberately conserve or plant multifunctional tree ***,the supply of all categories of ES was positively correlated with church forest age(p-value<0.001)in the agricultural matrix,while the extent of church forest was positively correlated with the density of all categories ecosystem services score in the church forests(p-value<0.001).Our results can be used to prioritize conservation efforts at sites that provide high levels of ES supply,ES density and ES multifunctionality,and to prioritize restoration efforts at sites with low levels thereof.

关键词： Church forest Remnant forest Provisioning service Regulating service Cultural service Multifunctionality Key informant interview Agricultural matrix

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Impact of tree litter identity, litter diversity and habitat quality on litter decomposition rates in tropical moist evergreen forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 247-256页

作者： Seyoum Getaneh Olivier Honnay Ellen Desie Kenny Helsen Lisa Couck Simon Shibru Bart Muys Division Forest Landscape and NatureKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200E-2411BE-3001LeuvenBelgium Department of Biology College of Natural SciencesArba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia Department of Biology KU LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 31-2435BE-3001LeuvenBelgium

Background:Attempts to restore degraded highlands by tree planting are common in East ***,up till now,little attention has been given to effects of tree species choice on litter decomposition and nutrient ***:In this study,three indigenous and two exotic tree species were selected for a litter decomposition *** objective was to identify optimal tree species combinations and tree diversity levels for the restoration of degraded land via enhanced litter *** were installed in June 2019 into potential restoration sites(disturbed natural forest and forest plantation)and compared to intact natural *** tested tree leaf litters included five monospecific litters,ten mixtures of three species and one mixture of five *** green and rooibos tea were used for comparison.A total of 1,033 litters were retrieved for weight loss analysis after one,three,six,and twelve months of ***:The finding indicates a significant effect of both litter quality and litter diversity on litter *** nitrogen-fixing native tree Millettia ferruginea showed a comparable decomposition rate as the fast decom-posing green *** exotic conifer Cupressus lusitanica and the native recalcitrant Syzygium guineense have even a lower decomposition rate than the slowly decomposing rooibos tea.A significant correlation was observed be-tween litter mass loss and initial leaf litter chemical ***,we found positive non-additive ef-fects for litter mixtures including nutrient-rich and negative non-additive effects for litter mixtures including poor leaf litters ***:These findings suggest that both litter quality and litter diversity play an important role in decom-position processes and therefore in the restoration of degraded tropical moist evergreen forest.

关键词： Antagonistic effect Forest type Functional diversity Litterbag Litter mixture Litter quality Non-additive effect Tea bag index

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Reproduction and population dynamics of Mastomys natalensis Smith, 1834 in an agricultural landscape in the Western Usambara Mountains, Tanzania

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 233-238页

作者： Rhodes H.MAKUNDI Apia W.MASSAWE Loth S.MULUNGU Pest Management Center Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania

The multimammate rat,Mastomys natalensis Smith 1834,is a dominant species in agro-ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa,but adapts quickly to changes in non-agricultural landscape,particularly woodlands and *** this study we report on reproduction and population dynamics of *** in deforested high elevation localities in the Usambara Mountains,north-east *** conducted Capture-Mark-Recapture studies in 2002-2004,and established that reproduction of *** takes place in the extended wet season between February and June,and the population density peaks in *** cease in July to January and population density drops from July *** and population density fluctuations are linked to the duration and amount of *** years when rainfall was below average and the wet season was short,the population density was significantly lower(below 10 animals/ha and 60 animals/ha in 2003 and 2004 respectively,compared to>100 animals/ha in 2002 when rainfall was above the seasonal average)(Fdf 2,13=9.092,p<0.01 for in between years variations and Fdf_(12,15)=5.389,p<0.01 for effect of cumulative annual rainfall on population density).These densities were much lower than in the lowland savannah habitats in central and southwest Tanzania.A comparison between the farmland/fallow mosaic fields and agro-forestry areas showed higher population densities in the former,which have similarities to the preferred habitats in the lowland *** increasing abundance of *** in the Usambara could have some consequences:*** is major pest and is involved in the plague cycle in the western Usambara *** natalensis is also a strong competitor and the impact on endemic rodent species,*** flavopunctatus and Praomys delectorum is unknown.

关键词： Mastomys population dynamics reproduction Tanzania.

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Performance Comparison of Chemically Modified Sugarcane Bagasse for Removing Cd(II) in Water Environment

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第5期7卷 415-428页

作者： Manh Khai Nguyen Minh Trang Hoang Thi Thuy Pham Bart Van der Bruggen Falculty of Environmental Science VNU University of Science334 Nguyen TraiHanoiVietnam Laboratory for Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems Department of Chemical EngineeringKU LeuvenBelgiumCelestijnenlaan 200F3001 LeuvenBelgium

This paper evaluates the adsorption capacity of chemically sugarcane bagasses with sodium hydroxide(SHS),citric acid(CAS),tartaric acid(TAS)and unmodified sugarcane bagasse(SB)for cadmium adsorption in water *** results prove adsorption capacity for Cd(II)increases after chemical modification and the adsorption fits perfectly with the Langmuir *** had the highest maximum adsorption capacity of 45.45 mg/g followed by TAS with 38.46 mg/g and SHS with 29.41 at optimum pH 5.0 and 120 minutes equilibrium time while 1 g SB removed 18.8 mg Cd(II)in the same *** kinetics study of the process followed a pseudo-secondorder rate expression,that indicated a strong interaction between the biosorbents and *** sugarcane bagasse and modified sugarcane bagasse were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)*** chemical modification was confirmed by the presence of carboxyl and esters groups created at 1,738 *** estimation of acid groups in modified materials shows the enhancement of this group after *** the other hand,desorption studies showed the high leaching of cadmium ion from the biosorbent leading to the efficient reutilization of materials.

关键词： Cadmium chemical modification citric acid sugarcane bagasse

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Changes in land use/cover mapped over 80 years in the Highlands of Northern Ethiopia

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第10期28卷 1538-1559页

作者： ETEFA Guyassa Amaury FRANKL Sil LANCKRIET BIADGILGN Demissie GEBREYOHANNES Zenebe AMANUEL Zenebe Jean POESEN Jan NYSSEN Department of Geography Ghent University Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle University Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Mekelle University Institute of Geo-information and Earth Observation Sciences Mekelle University Division of Geography Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences

Despite many studies on land degradation in the Highlands of Northern Ethiopia, quantitative information regarding long-term changes in land use/cover(LUC) is rare. Hence, this study aims to investigate the LUC changes in the Geba catchment(5142 km2), Northern Ethiopia, over 80 years(1935–2014). Aerial photographs(APs) of the 1930 s and Google Earth(GE) images(2014) were used. The point-count technique was utilized by overlaying a grid on APs and GE images. The occurrence of cropland, forest, grassland, shrubland, bare land, built-up areas and water body was counted to compute their fractions. A multivariate adaptive regression spline was applied to identify the explanatory factors of LUC and to create fractional maps of LUC. The results indicate significant changes of most types, except for forest and cropland. In the 1930 s, shrubland(48%) was dominant, followed by cropland(39%). The fraction of cropland in 2014(42%) remained approximately the same as in the 1930 s, while shrubland significantly dropped to 37%. Forests shrank further from a meagre 6.3% in the 1930 s to 2.3% in 2014. High overall accuracies(93% and 83%) and strong Kappa coefficients(89% and 72%) for point counts and fractional maps respectively indicate the validity of the techniques used for LUC mapping.

关键词： fractional map Google Earth land use/cover multivariate adaptive regression Italian aerial photographs

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不同饵料对二次抱卵期间中华绒螯蟹生殖性能和HUFA组成的影响(英文)

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中国水产科学 2006年第1期13卷 92-99页

作者：计阳隋丽英吴旭干成永旭 Wille Mathieu Sorgeloos Patrick 天津科技大学海洋科学与工程学院 2. 中盐制盐工程技术研究院上海水产大学生命学院比利时根特大学水产养殖与卤虫研究参考中心试验室

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)经一次受精便可多次产卵。与其他的虾类一样,在卵巢发育过程中,中华绒螯蟹的肝胰脏需从外界汲取许多能量和营养物质,通过血淋巴转移到卵巢以供胚胎发育和幼体孵化。亲蟹的营养需求可以通过第一次和第二... 详细信息

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)经一次受精便可多次产卵。与其他的虾类一样,在卵巢发育过程中,中华绒螯蟹的肝胰脏需从外界汲取许多能量和营养物质,通过血淋巴转移到卵巢以供胚胎发育和幼体孵化。亲蟹的营养需求可以通过第一次和第二次卵巢发育过程加以研究。第一次抱卵之后亲蟹消耗了大量的营养和能量物质,需要在二次抱卵前的短时间内得到及时补充。通常来说,二次抱卵蟹的产卵力低下,幼体质量差。因此研究饵料对二次抱卵期间中华绒螯蟹生殖性能和幼体质量的影响是很有意义的。本实验分4组,分别以3种天然饵料缢蛏(TC)、沙蚕(TS)、杂鱼(TT)和一种人工饵料(TA)投喂中华绒螯蟹亲蟹,投喂周期为2个月(从初始一次抱卵至二次抱卵结束)。天然饵料和人工饵料的日投喂量分别为亲蟹体重的10%和1%~3%,每日下午4点投喂。用PVC板将8 m2的玻璃纤维槽隔成4个单元作为试验槽。每个单元底面积为2 m2,水深40 cm。同一槽中的3个单元用做一个试验组的3个重复,每个重复为10只蟹。海水盐度为20 g.L-1,pH8.20~8.30,溶解氧为8.40~8.90 mg.L-1,依据水中氨氮和亚硝酸氮的浓度(分别小于1 mg.L-1和0.2 mg.L-1),每2至3天换一次水,水温为15~17℃。实验结束后,对二次抱卵亲蟹的生殖性能(相对饱卵量、卵径和亲蟹成活率)、孵化出的幼体质量(蚤I幼体在饥饿状态下的成活率)以及卵、卵巢和肝胰脏的脂肪酸组成进行了测定。结果表明,卵、卵巢和肝胰脏的高级不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)组成与试验饵料的组成具有很好的相关性,其中卵的DHA与EPA水平、肝胰脏DHA水平与饵料中相应的HUFA水平成正相关(R2>0.90),说明外界营养物质的吸收和转移对卵巢的二次发育相当重要。统计学分析表明,投喂杂鱼的亲蟹(TT)孵出的蚤I幼体对饥饿的耐受力以及投喂缢蛏的亲蟹(TC)的卵径显著高于其他组,各组之间其他指标(相对抱卵量和成活率等)均无显著差异。二次抱卵的中华绒螯蟹的卵、卵巢和肝胰脏中HUFA的水平与试验饵料中HUFA水平具有很好的相关性,说明无论在第一次卵巢发育过程中积聚了多少营养物质,第一次抱卵后消耗殆尽的亲蟹需要从外界食物中汲取大量的能量和营养物质,通过肝胰脏转运到卵巢供二次发育之用。本研究结论与其他作者对其他甲壳类的研究结果是一致的。此外组织器官的HUFA水平不只局限于饵料HUFA水平,还受器官本身对这些脂肪酸特定需求的影响。肝胰脏作为甲壳类动物的脂肪存储器,在饵料中的脂类物质被吸收和利用之前首先将其存储起来。甲壳类动物具有合成更长链的脂肪酸能力,虽然这种能力很有限,但仍能重新合成一定数量的脂肪酸。由于卵巢和卵中的n-3 HUFA,尤其是EPA和DHA含量高于肝胰脏,因此有理由相信它们在中华绒螯蟹繁殖过程中起着非常重要的作用。用人工饵料投喂对中国对虾的研究表明,n-3 HUFA的水平与亲本的生殖性能有很大关系,其中EPA与产卵量有很大的关系,而DHA在胚胎发育早期和幼体孵化起着很大的作用。本实验结果可以推论,EPA和DHA对中华绒螯蟹的卵巢的发育和生殖性能具有相当重要的作用,其中EPA的作用更加明显。遗憾的是本实验没有得出非常明显的相关性结论。应该指出的是本实验所用的不同饵料,不但HUFA含量不同,而且在蛋白质、总脂和微量营养素(维他命、矿物质、胆固醇、磷脂、钙盐等)的组成上差异很大,因此不宜下确定的结论。[中国水产科学,2006,13(1):92-99]

关键词：中华绒螯蟹亲本营养二次抱卵幼体质量

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Temperature and Precipitation Suitability Evaluation for the Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Cropping System in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第2期10卷 275-288页

作者： Nguyen Thanh Tuan QIU Jian-jun Ann Verdoodt LI Hu Eric Van Ranst Vietnam National Museum of Nature Vietnamese Academy of Science and TechnologyHa Noi 0000Vietnam Key Laboratory of Resources Remote Sensing and Digital Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences（CAAS）Beijing 100081P.R.China Laboratory of Soil Science Department of Geology and Soil Science（WE13）Ghent UniversityB-9000 GhentBelgium

The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is the most important winter wheat and maize production region in *** response to the increasing population pressure,the Chinese authorities strongly invested in improving the irrigation systems and increasing ground and surface water exploitation within the plain to increase the crop *** resulted in a reduction of water resource availability and in turn indirectly affected the suitability of various agricultural ecosystems in the *** main purpose of this study was to review the suitability of temperature and precipitation for the winter wheat and summer maize cropping system in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,in order to provide a preliminary irrigation *** analysis provides a first attempt to enhance the water resource management as well as to increase the water use *** this aim,a GIS-based multicriteria analysis procedure has been developed consisting of（1） definition of objectives（evaluated entities） and database building;（2） definition of evaluation criteria;（3） standardization of the criteria;（4） combination of the criteria;（5） classification of the objectives;and（6） integration of the *** land suitability classification maps were transformed into maps of required irrigation amounts for each growing stage of the winter wheat and summer maize cropping *** study also exemplified the limitations and proposed future research activities that will improve the detail and accuracy of the evaluation results.

关键词： GIS multicriteria Huang-Huai-Hai Plain precipitation suitability irrigation

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