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eQUEST Based Building energy Modeling Analysis for energy Efficiency of Buildings

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energy Engineering 2024年第10期121卷 2743-2767页

作者： Saroj Lamichhane Roseline Mostafa Bhaskaran Gopalakrishnan Dayakar G.Devaru Regional Mechanical Field AmazonWeb ServicesHerndonVA 20170USA Industrial and Management Systems Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26505USA Industrial and Production Engineering JSS Science&Technology UniversityMysuru570006India

Building energy performance is a function of numerous building *** this study,sensitivity analysis on twenty parameters is performed to determine the top three parameters that have the most significant impact on the energy performance of *** data from two fully operational commercial buildings were collected and used to develop a building energy model in the Quick energy Simulation Tool(eQUEST).The model is calibrated using the Normalized Mean Bias Error(NMBE)and Coefficient of Variation of Root Mean Square Error(CV(RMSE))*** model satisfies the NMBE and CV(RMSE)criteria set by the American Society of Heating,Refrigeration,and Air-Conditioning(ASHRAE)Guideline 14,Federal energy Management Program(FEMP),and International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol(IPMVP)for building energy model *** values of the parameters are varied in two levels,and then the percentage change in output is *** factorial analysis on eight parameters with the highest percentage change in energy performance is performed at two levels in a statistical software *** building A,the top 3 parameters from the percentage change method are:Heating setpoint,cooling setpoint and server *** fractional factorial design,the top 3 parameters are:heating setpoint(p-value=0.00129),cooling setpoint(p-value=0.00133),and setback control(p-value=0.00317).For building B,the top 3 parameters from both methods are:Server room(pvalue=0.0000),heating setpoint(p-value=0.00014),and cooling setpoint(p-value=0.00035).If the best values for all top three parameters are taken simultaneously,energy efficiency improves by 29%for building A and 35%for building B.

关键词： energy efficiency eQUEST energy consumption building energy modeling

Mechanistic modeling of copper corrosions in data center environments

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 483-492页

作者： Rui Zhang Jianshun Zhang Roger Schmidt Jeremy L.Gilbert department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering and Computer ScienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Buildings and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA SyracuseCoE-New York Center of Excellence in Environmental and energy Systems Syracuse University727 E.Washington StreetSyracuseNY13244USA department of Bioengineering Clemson UniversityClemson-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering ProgramCharlestonSC29425USA

Air-side economizers are increasingly used to take advantage of“free-cooling”in data centers with the intent of reducing the carbon footprint of ***,they can introduce outdoor pollutants to indoor environment of data centers and cause corrosion damage to the information technology *** evaluate the reliability of information technology equipment under various thermal and air-pollution conditions,a mechanistic model based on multi-ion transport and chemical reactions was *** model was used to predict Cu corrosion caused by Cl_(2)-containing pollutant *** also accounted for the effects of temperature(25℃and 28℃),relative humidity(50%,75%,and 95%),and *** also identified higher air temperature as a corrosion barrier and higher relative humidity as a corrosion accelerator,which agreed well with the experimental *** average root mean square error of the prediction was 13.7Å.The model can be used to evaluate the thermal guideline for data centers design and operation when Cl_(2)is present based on pre-established acceptable risk of corrosion in data centers’environment.

关键词： chloride pollutant mixture copper corrosion model data center temperature relative humidity synergistic effect

Thermal conductivity suppression in uranium-doped thorium dioxide due to phonon-spin interactions

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第3期10卷 709-715页

作者： Zilong Hua Saqeeb Adnan Amey R.Khanolkar Karl Rickert David B.Turner Timothy A.Prusnick J.Matthew Mann David H.Hurley Marat Khafizov Cody A.Dennett Materials Science and Engineering department Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsID83415USA department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA KBR DaytonOH45431USA Azimuth Corporation FairbornOH45324USA Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFBOH45433USA department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA

In this work,impact of low level of uranium(U)atom substitution on thermal conductivity of thorium dioxide(ThO_(2))is ***_(2)is an electronic insulator with a wide optical band-gap and no unpaired electrons whose thermal transport is governed by phonons.U-substitution introduces unpaired f-electrons resulting in paramagnetic behavior of UeThO_(2)at room temperature,which significantly suppresses its thermal conductivity.A single crystal of UeThO_(2)with graded composition of U is grown using a hydrothermal synthesis method,and thermal conductivity measurements are performed in re-gions with uniform composition of U at levels of 0%,6%,9%and 16%.Measured thermal conductivity profiles over 77e300 K temperature range are analyzed using an analytical expression for phonon-mediated thermal transport based on Klemens-Callaway *** dependent thermal con-ductivity is found to deviate significantly from the Rayleigh scattering trend expected for a simple substitutional point defect with a small perturbation to mass and interatomic *** the resonant scattering term,observed large suppression of thermal conductivity at low temperatures can be closely ***,the extracted phonon-spin coupling constants imply a nonlinear relation of phonon-spin interaction intensity with respect to U doping *** study reveals how phonon-spin scattering contributed by unpaired f-electrons in U atoms influences thermal transport in the UeThO_(2)system.

关键词： Phonon-spin interactions Thermal conductivity UdThO_(2)system

New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian H.Davison James G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer Morrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey M.Warren Eric M.Pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

On building automation system security

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High-Confidence Computing

High-Confidence Computing 2024年第3期4卷 103-122页

作者： Christopher Morales-Gonzalez Matthew Harper Michael Cash Lan Luo Zhen Ling Qun Z.Sun Xinwen Fu department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts LowellLowell 01854USA department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central FloridaOrlando 32816USA School of Computer Science and Technology Southeast UniversityMa’anshan 243032China School of Computer Science and Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyNanjing 211189China

Building Automation Systems(BASs)are seeing increased usage in modern society due to the plethora of benefits they provide such as automation for climate control,HVAC systems,entry systems,and lighting *** BASs in use are outdated and suffer from numerous vulnerabilities that stem from the design of the underlying BAS *** this paper,we provide a comprehensive,up-to-date survey on BASs and attacks against seven BAS protocols including BACnet,EnOcean,KNX,LonWorks,Modbus,ZigBee,and *** studies of secure BAS protocols are also presented,covering BACnet Secure Connect,KNX Data Secure,KNX/IP Secure,ModBus/TCP Security,EnOcean High Security and Z-Wave *** and ZigBee do not have security *** point out how these security protocols improve the security of the BAS and what issues remain.A case study is provided which describes a real-world BAS and showcases its vulnerabilities as well as recommendations for improving the security of *** seek to raise awareness to those in academia and industry as well as highlight open problems within BAS security.

关键词： Building automation system BAS protocols Security Attack

Understanding poromechanical response of a biogenic coalbed methane reservoir

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第3期11卷 32-50页

作者： Rohit Pandey Satya Harpalani Virginia Tech BlacksburgUSA Southern Illinois University CarbondaleUSA

Biogenic coalbed methane(BCBM)reservoirs aim to produce methane from in situ coal deposits following microbial conversion of *** of BCBM reservoirs requires economic methane production within an acceptable *** work reported here quantifies the findings of previously published qualitative work,where it was found that bioconversion induces strains in the pore,matrix and bulk *** imaging and dynamic strain monitoring techniques,the bioconversion induced strain is quantified *** understand the effect of these strains from a reservoir geomechanics perspective,a corresponding poromechanical model is ***,findings of imaging experiments are validated using core-flooding flow ***,expected field-scale behavior of the permeability response of a BCBM operation is modeled and *** results of the study indicated that,for Illinois coals,bioconversion induced strains result in a decrease in fracture porosity,resulting in a detrimental permeability drop in excess of 60%during bioconversion,which festers itself exponentially throughout its producing *** indicate that reservoirs with high initial permeability that will support higher Darcian flowrates,would be better suited for coal bioconversion,thereby providing a site-selection criteria for BCBM operations.

关键词： Coal bioconversion Poromechanical model Reservoir response Bioconversion induced strain

Broadband nonreciprocal thermal emissivity and absorptivity

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第9期13卷 1820-1827页

作者： Komron J.Shayegan Jae S.Hwang Bo Zhao Aaswath P.Raman Harry A.Atwater Thomas J.Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA department of Mechanical Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTXUSA

A body that violates Kirchhoff’s law of thermal radiation exhibits an inequality in its spectral directional absorptivity and *** such an inequality is of fundamental interest as well as a prerequisite for achieving thermodynamic limits in photonic energy conversion1 and radiative *** far,inequalities in the spectral directional emissivity and absorptivity have been limited to narrow spectral resonances3,or wavelengths well beyond the infrared *** the gap from basic demonstrations to practical applications requires control over a broad spectral range of the unequal spectral directional absorptivity and *** this work,we demonstrate broadband nonreciprocal thermal emissivity and absorptivity by measuring the thermal emissivity and absorptivity of gradient epsilon-near-zero InAs layers of subwavelength thicknesses(50 nm and 150 nm)with an external magnetic *** effect occurs in a spectral range(12.5–16μm)that overlaps with the infrared transparency window and is observed at moderate(1 T)magnetic fields.

关键词： field. reciprocal thermal

Multidimensional images and aberrations in STEM

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 68-74页

作者： Eric R.Hoglund Andrew R.Lupini Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831United States

Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)have led to increased development of multidimensional STEM imaging modalities and novel image reconstruction *** interest arises because the main electron lens in a modern transmission electron microscope usually has a diffraction-space information limit that is significantly better than the real-space resolution of the same *** state-of-affairs is sometimes shared by other scattering methods in modern physics and contributes to a broader excitement surrounding multidimensional techniques that scan a probe while recording diffraction-space images,such as ptychography and scanning nano-beam ***,the contrasting resolution in the two spaces raises the question as to what is limiting their effective ***,we examine this paradox by considering the effects of aberrations in both image and diffraction planes,and likewise separate the contributions of pre-and post-sample *** consideration provides insight into aberration-measurement techniques and might also indicate improvements for super-resolution techniques.

关键词： scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) aberrations

Evolution of Superconducting-Transition Temperature with Superfluid Density and Conductivity in Pressurized Cuprate Superconductors

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第4期41卷 110-117页

作者：赵金瑜蔡树陈逸雯顾根大闫宏涛郭静韩金宇王鹏玉周亚洲李延春李晓东任治安吴奇周兴江丁阳向涛毛河光孙力玲 Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Center for High Pressure Science&Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100094China Condensed Matter Physics&Materials Science department Brookhaven National LaboratoryNY 11973-5000USA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China Institute of High energy Physics Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100049China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China

What factors fundamentally determine the value of superconducting transition temperature Tc in high temperature superconductors has been the subject of intense *** the establishment of an empirical law known as Homes'law,there is a growing consensus in the community that the Tc value of the cuprate superconductors is closely linked to the superfluid density(ρ_(s))of its ground state and the conductivity(σ)of its normal ***,all the data supporting this empirical law(ρ_(s)=AσT_(c))have been obtained from the ambientpressure *** this study,we present the first high-pressure results about the connection of the quantities of ρ_(s) and σ with T_(c),through the studies on the Bi_(1.74)Pb_(0.38)Sr_(1.88)CuO_(6+δ)and Bi_(2)Sr_(2)CaCu_(2)O_(8+δ),in which the value of their high-pressure resistivity(ρ=1/σ)is achieved by adopting our newly established method,while the quantity ofρs is extracted using Homes'*** highlight that the Tc values are strongly linked to the joint response factors of magnetic field and electric field,i.e.,ρ_(s) and σ,respectively,implying that the physics determining T_(c) is governed by the intrinsic electromagnetic fields of the system.

关键词： superconductors Transition Conductivity