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Radioisotope production using lasers:From basic science to applications

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： M.R.D.Rodrigu.s.A.Bonasera M.scisciò J.A.Pérez-Hernández M.Ehret F.Filippi P.L.Andreoli M.Huault H.Larreur D.singappuli D.Molloy D.Raffestin M.Alonzo G.G.Rapisarda D.Lattuada G.L.Guardo C.Verona Fe.Consoli G.Petringa A.McNamee M.La Cognata s.Palmerini T.Carriere M.Cipriani G.Di Giorgio G.Cristofari R.De Angelis G.A.P.Cirrone D.Margarone L.Giuffrida D.Batani P.Nicolai K.Batani R.Lera L.Volpe D.Giulietti s.Agarwal M.Krupka s.singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali del sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro de Láseres Pu.s.dos(clpu) VillamayorSpain universidad de salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Energy Holdings Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia school of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia“E.Majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ELI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETsIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Dipartimento Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZu–Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of Czech Academy of sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discovery of chirped pu.s. amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pu.s. durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few *** with energies of tens of MeV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary *** such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical *** use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on *** this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other *** the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy *** experiment was performed at the 1 PW laser facility at VegaⅢin salamanca,*** distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium *** results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[*** ***.,sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

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New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1068-1082页

作者： Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM Kevin E.TRENBERTH Tim BOYER Michael EMANN Jiang ZHu Fan WANG Fujiang Yu Ricardo LOCARNINI John FAsuLLO Fei ZHENG Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Dakui WANG Licheng FENG Xiangzhou.s.NG Yulong LIu Franco REsEGHETTI simona sIMONCELLI Viktor GOuRETsKI Gengxin CHEN Alexey MIsHONOV Jim REAGAN Karina VON sCHuCKMANN Yuying PAN Zhetao TAN Yujing ZHu Wangxu WEI Guancheng LI Qiuping REN Lijuan CAO Yayang Lu International Center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China university of st.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA NsF National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307USA university of Auckland Auckland 1010New Zealand National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA Department of Earth and Environmental science University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China Oceanographic Data Center Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National Marine Data and Information service Tianjin 300171China Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentS.Teresa Research CenterLerici 19032Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy south China sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China EssIC/CIsEss-MD University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20740USA Mercator Ocean International Toulouse 31400France Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentPRCGuangzhou 510611China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China International Research Center of Big Data for sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been su.s.antially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human *** 2023,the sea surface temperature(ssT)and upper 2000 m ocean heat content(OHC)reached record *** 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15±10 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules=1021 Joules)(updated IAP/CAs data);9±5 ZJ(NCEI/NOAA data).The Tropical Atlantic Ocean,the Mediterranean sea,and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the *** with the onset of a strong El Niño,the global ssT reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of~0.23℃ higher than 2022 and an astounding>0.3℃ above 2022 valu.s.for the second half of *** density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest valu.s.in 2023.

关键词： ocean heat content salinity stratification global warming climate

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Effects of electron-and hole-current hysteresis on trap characterization in organo-inorganic halide perovskite

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第1期76卷 414-420,I0010页

作者： Fan Wu.s.lly Mabrouk Miaomiao Han Yanhua Tong Tiansheng Zhang Yuchen Zhang Raja sekhar Bobba Quinn Qiao school of science and Huzhou Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion and storage Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000ZhejiangChina Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244United States

Charge trap density and carrier mobility of perovskite materials are the critical properties of perovskite solar *** space charge limited current(sCLC)method,which measures a dark current–voltage(I-V)curve of a single-carrier device has found extensive use for studying the trap density and charge carrier mobility in perovskite ***,it was found that the electron-and hole-current in organo-lead perovskite-based single-carrier device undergoes significant hysteresis under forward and reverse scanning due to the mobile *** addition,it was also observed that measuring history has a detrimental effect on hysteresis resulting in possible overestimation or underestimation of the extracted electrical valu.s.from the sCLC *** the forward/reverse scanning process,the mobile ionic defects enhance/shield the charge in the traps due to ionic charging/discharging,thereby increasing/reducing the interface barrier and net charge in the I-V scanning,which in turn affects the determination of transport properties of the *** results raise quite a few doubts over the direct application of classical sCLC measurements for the accurate characterization of intrinsic transport properties of the mixed ionicelectronic perovskite.

关键词： Organo-lead perovskite Ionic defects space-charge-limited-current Trap density Mobility

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Phase-field framework with constraints and its applications to ductile fracture in polycrystals and fatigue

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 149-163页

作者： Fei Xue Tian-Le Cheng Yinkai Lei You-Hai Wen u.s.DOE National Energy technology Laboratory AlbanyOR 97321USA Leidos Research support Team AlbanyOR 97321USA

Modeling of ductile fracture in polycrystalline structures is challenging,since it requires integrated modeling of cracks,crystal plasticity,and *** we extend the typical phase-field framework to the situations with constraints on the order parameters,and formulate two types of phase-field models on ductile *** Type-Ⅰ model incorporates three sets of order parameters,which describe the distributions of cracks,plastic strain,and grains,*** plasticity is employed within grain interiors accommodated by J_(2)plasticity at grain *** applications of the Type-Ⅰ model to single crystals and bicrystals demonstrate the influences of grain orientations and grain boundaries on crack *** the Type-Ⅱ model,J_(2)plasticity is assumed for the whole system and grain structures are *** advantage of the efficiency of the fast Fourier transform,our Type-Ⅱ model is employed to study low cycle *** closure and striation-like patterning of plastic strain are observed in the *** growth rate is analyzed as a function of the J-integral,and the simulated fatigue life as a function of plastic strain agrees with the Coffin–Manson relation without a priori assumption.

关键词： ductile fatigue grain

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量子相变中的涌现对称性:从解禁闭量子临界点到量子自旋液体（英文）

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science Bulletin 2024年第2期 190-196页

作者：刘文渊龚寿书陈伟强顾正澄 Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology school of Physical sciences Great Bay University 4. Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study Department of Physics and shenzhen Institute for Quantum science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices Southern University of Science and Technology

The emergence of exotic quantum phenomena in frustrated magnets is rapidly driving the development of quantum many-body physics, raising fundamental qu.s.ions on the nature of quantum phase transitions. Here we unveil the behaviour of emergent symmetry involving two extraordinarily representative phenomena, i.e., the deconfined quantum critical point(DQCP) and the quantum spin liquid(QsL) *** large-scale tensor network simulations, we study a spatially anisotropic spin-1/2 square-lattice frustrated antiferromagnetic(AFM) model, namely the J1x-J1y-J2model, which contains anisotropic nearestneighbor couplings J1x, J1yand the next nearest neighbor coupling J2. For small J1y/J1x, by tuning J2, a direct continuous transition between the AFM and valence bond solid phase is observed. With growing J1y/J1x, a gapless QsL phase gradually emerges between the AFM and VBs phases. We observe an emergent O(4) symmetry along the AFM–VBs transition line, which is consistent with the prediction of DQCP theory. Most surprisingly, we find that such an emergent O(4) symmetry holds for the whole QsL–VBs transition line as well. These findings reveal the intrinsic relationship between the QsL and DQCP from categorical symmetry point of view, and strongly constrain the quantum field theory description of the QsL phase. The phase diagram and critical exponents presented in this paper are of direct relevance to future experiments on frustrated magnets and cold atom systems.

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Two-dimensional MXenes and their applications

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Frontiers of physics 2023年第1期18卷 1-5页

作者： Guangcun shan Zejian Ding Yury Gogotsi school of Instrumentation science and Opto-electronics Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100091China Institute of Experimental Physics Saarland University66123 SaarbrückenGermany A.J.Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and EngineeringDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides,nitrides or carbonitrides(MXene)have attracted tremendous attention as a potentially the largest family of inorganic *** have a general formula Mn+1XnTx,where M is an early transition metal(2 or more can be present in a random mix or a specific order),X is C and/or N elements(oxygen can partially su.s.itute),and T_(x)(x is variable)represent surface terminations,which can include reactive end grou.s.such as–OH and=O),halogens and chalcogens,and n can vary from 1 to 4(fractions are possible).All MXenes can either be produced as multilayer particles(ml-MXene)or delaminated(d-MXene)single-layer flakes.

关键词： materials. carbonitride dimensional

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Tailored PEDOT:Pss hole transport layer for higher performance in perovskite solar cells: Enhancement of electrical and optical properties with improved morphology

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第5期29卷 41-50页

作者： Khan Mamun Reza Ashim Gurung Behzad Bahrami sally Mabrouk Hytham Elbohy Rajesh Pathak Ke Chen Ashraful Haider Chowdhury Md Tawabur Rahman steven Letourneau Hao-Cheng Yang Gopalan saianand Jeffrey WElam seth BDarling Qiquan Qiao Department of Electrical Engineering Center for Advanced PhotovoltaicsSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookings 57007SDUSA Physics Department Damietta UniversityNew Damietta 34517Egypt Applied Materials Division Argonne National LaboratoryArgonne 60439ILUSA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryArgonne 60439ILUSA Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleCallaghan 2308New South WalesAustralia Chemical sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont 60439ILUSA Institute for Molecular Engineering Argonne National LaboratoryLemont 60439ILUSA Institute for Molecular Engineering University of ChicagoChicago 60637ILUSA

Precise control over the charge carrier dynamics throughout the device can result in ou.s.anding performance of perovskite solar cells(PsCs).Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:Pss)is the most actively studied hole transport material in p-i-n structured ***,charge transport in the PEDOT:Pss is limited and inefficient because of its low conductivity with the presence of the weak ionic conductor *** addition,morphology of the underlying PEDOT:Pss layer in PsCs plays a crucial role in determining the optoelectronic quality of the active perovskite absorber *** work is focused on realization of a non-wetting conductive surface of hole transport layer suitable for the growth of larger perovskite crystalline *** is accomplished by employing a facile solventengineered(ethylene glycol and methanol)approach resulting in removal of the predominant Pss in PEDOT:*** consequence of acquiring larger perovskite crystalline domains was observed in the charge carrier dynamics studies,with the achievement of higher charge carrier lifetime,lower charge transport time and lower transfer impedance in the solvent-engineered PEDOT:Pss-based *** of this solventengineered treatment for the fabrication of MAPbI3 PsCs greatly increased the device stability witnessing a power conversion efficiency of 18.18%,which corresponds to^37%improvement compared to the untreated PEDOT:Pss based devices.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells PEDOT:Pss treatment Hole transport layer Non-wetting PEDOT:Pss surface

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Data-driven cooperative output regulation of multi-agent systems under distributed denial of service attacks

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science China(Information sciences) 2023年第9期66卷 5-20页

作者： Weinan GAO Zhong-Ping JIANG state Key Laboratory of synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tandon School of Engineering New York University

This paper addresses an optimal, cooperative output regulation problem for multi-agent systems with distributed denial of service attacks and unknown system dynamics. unlike existing studies, the proposed solution is essentially a learning-based control strategy such that one can obtain a distributed control policy with internal models through online data and analyze the resilience of closed-loop systems, both without the precise knowledge of system dynamics in the state-space model. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is validated using computer simulations.

关键词： cooperative output regulation adaptive dynamic programming learning-based control multi-agent systems cybersecurity

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synergistic engineering of hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells

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InfoMat 2020年第5期2卷 928-941页

作者： sally Mabrouk Behzad Bahrami Hytham Elbohy Khan Mamun Reza Ashim Gurung Mao Liang Fan Wu Mingtai Wang shangfeng Yang Qiquan Qiao Center for Advanced Photovoltaics Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth Dakota Physics Department Damietta UniversityNew Damietta CityEgypt Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion Department of Applied ChemistryTianjin University of TechnologyTianjinChina Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices School of ScienceHuzhou UniversityHuzhouChina Institute of Applied technology Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina Hefei National Laboratory for Physical sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringSynergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina

In this work,methylammonium lead triiodide(CH3NH3PbI3)perovskite solar cells with efficiencies higher than 18%were achieved using a new nanocomposite hole transport layer(HTL)by doping poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:Pss)with a mixed dopant of polyaniline(PANI)and graphene oxide(GO).A synergistic engineering between GO,PANI,and PEDOT:Pss was accomplished to introduce additional energy levels between perovskite and PEDOT:Pss and increase the conductivity of PEDOT:*** probe force microscope results confirmed that adding GO to PEDOT:Pss/PANI composite significantly reduced the average surface *** increased the open circuit voltage(Voc)to 1.05 V for the GO/PEDOT:Pss/PANI nanocomposite perovskite solar cells from the pristine PEDOT:Pss(Voc=0.95 V)and PEDOT:Pss/PANI(Voc=0.99 V).In addition,adding PANI to the HTLs su.s.antially enhanced short circuit current density(Jsc).This was supported by the current sensing-atomic force microscopy(Cs-AFM)and conductivity *** PANI doped films showed superior electrical conductivity compared with those without PANI as indicated by Cs-AFM *** can fill the gaps between the microflakes of GO and give rise to more compact hole transport material(HTM)*** led to a higher Jsc after doping with PANI,which was consistent with the incident photon-to-current efficiency and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy *** results of X-ray diffraction(XRD)and AFM indicated the GO/PANI doped HTMs significantly improved the crystallinity,topography,and crystal size of the perovskite film grown on their surface.A higher efficiency of 18.12%for p-i-n perovskite solar cells has been obtained by adding the mixed dopant of GO,PANI,and PEDOT:Pss,demonstrating better stability than the pristine PEDOT:Pss cell.

关键词： composite hole transport material perovskite solar cell polyaniline and graphene oxide

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structural and Tectonic Evolution of El-Faiyum Depression,North Western Desert,egypt Based on Analysis of Landsat ETM+,and sRTM Data

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Journal of Earth science 2011年第1期22卷 75-100页

作者： Timothy M Kusky Talaat M Ramadan Mahmoud M Hassaan safwat Gabr Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazard State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences The Geological Applications and Mineral Resources Division National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS) Cairo Egypt

False color Landsat ETM＋（bands 7, 4, 2 in RGB） and sRTM images of the EI-Faiyum depression, egypt, highlights major NE-sW faults and other lineaments trending NW-sE and N-s. Airborne magnetic data reveal some E-W su.s.rface faults which are not recognized on Landsat ETM＋ and sRTM images. Ratio images （5/7, 3/1, 4/3） and （5/7, 5/1, 4） were used for lithological discrimination of different rock types. The EI-Faiyum area is occupied by sedimentary rocks of Middle Eocene, upper Eocene, Oligocene, Lower Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene. understanding the structural regime of EI-Faiyum depression in the Western Desert of egypt is significant in relation to the neotectonics of the Nile Delta and to the development of new communities west of the delta. The area is covered by Late Cretaceous, Middle to Late Eocene deposits, Oligocene deposits （comprising fluviatile sediments and basalt sheets） and Pliocene and Quaternary alluvium and sand deposits. New geological and structural maps were prepared at a scale of 1 ： 100 000 using Landsat ETM＋ and sRTM images coupled with extensive field work. The major structural trends are E-W, ENE, Ns and NW--the same trends observed elsewhere in North Africa from NW sudan to NE egypt including north and central sinai. EI-Faiyum depression is a structurally-controlled tectonic basin, marked by northeast-striking faults along its northern margin. These faults are parallel to similar faults of the syrian arc fold belt, which includes a group of related faults, folds, push-up structures, and basins. Qarun Lake is located in the northern part of EI-Faiyum depression, at a right-step between two strands of the NE striking fault system. We have suggested elsewhere that EI-Faiyum depression is a pull-apart basin related to extension between these mismatched strands of strike-slip faults. The E-W structures are probably related to the relative motion between south Europe and north egypt and closure of the Neotethys. The continuation of t

关键词： egypt EI-Faiyum syrian arc fold belt pull-apart basin Western Desert of egypt.

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