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Participatory forest management in Burkina Faso: Members' perception of performance

Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第3期25卷 637-646页

作者： Pascaline Coulibaly-Lingani Mulualem Tigabu Patrice Savadogo Per-Christer Oden Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Departement Produc-tions Forestieres 03 BP 7047 0uagadougou 03 Burkina Faso World Agroforestry Centre & international Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRAF-ICRISAT West and Central Africa swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Scienc-es Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre P.0.Box 49 SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden

This study examines variations in the performance of partic-ipatory forest management programs among four forest management groups (FMGs) in southern Burkina Faso, and assesses the factors that influence their members’ perceptions of performance through a house-hold survey of 216 members. Variations in performance scores among the FMGs were analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance while multinomial regression analysis was used to identify factors that influ-ence their perception of the performance. The results reveal significant differences in performance scores among FMGs. Members of some FMGs perceived that the participatory forest management program ena-bled them to get benefits from the sale of fuelwood while performance scores in the forest conservation and decision-making processes is gener-ally poor. The score for economic performance of FMGs in turn was related to better access to roads and markets. Group size tended to en-hance economic performance via its strong influence on annual fuelwood harvest, while the resource base appeared to be inconsequential. Mem-bers of the forest management groups perceived that large group size and group heterogeneity, particularly in terms of ethnicity, as well as knowledge and awareness of problems related to the forest environment have no influence on the performance of their respective groups. For rural communities to have a favorable disposition toward sustainable forest management, differences in member understanding of collective actions and their impact before and during the implementation of partic-ipatory forest management programs should be considered.

关键词： Common-pool resources Collective action Sustainableforest management West Africa

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Botanicals and plant strengtheners for potato and tomato cultivation in Africa

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 406-427页

作者： Tewodros MULUGETA Jean-Baptiste MUHINYUZA Reinette GOUWS-MEYER Lerato MATSAUNYANE Erik ANDREASSON Erik ALEXANDERSSON Department of Zoological Sciences Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Department of Biology Kotebe Metropolitan UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia College of Agriculture Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine(UR-CAVM)Busogo CampusUniversity of RwandaMusanze 210Rwanda Department of Crop Sciences Tshwane University of TechnologyPretoria 0183South Africa Department of Plant Breeding Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable and Ornamental PlantsPretoria 0001South Africa Department of Plant Protection Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences(SLU)Alnarp SE-23053Sweden

This review provides a summary of botanicals and plant strengtheners that have potential uses for disease and pest management in potato and tomato cultivation in *** discuss their possible use to prevent major diseases and pests which infest potato and tomato,such as early and late blight,bacterial wilt,potato tuber moth,and tomato *** are several examples of the successful uses of botanicals for pathogen and pest control relevant for different African climatic conditions;however,most of these studies have been conducted in vitro and often lack field *** strengtheners(substances that induce and improve crop resistance,yield,and quality)are little studied and used in Africa in comparison to North America and *** possible benefits of using botanicals and plant strengtheners instead of conventional pesticides are discussed here in relation to human health and the environment as well as their modes of action and accessibility to *** of knowledge of the composition and active ingredients of extracts,environmental concerns,uncertainties regarding stability and formulation,lack of legislation and limited support from governments,hamper the development of botanicals and plant strengtheners for use in sustainable African agriculture.

关键词： African agriculture botanicals crop protection pathogen plant strengtheners pesticide pests diseases potato tomato

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Source apportionment for urban PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the Beijing area

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第5期52卷 608-615页

作者： ZHANG Wei GUO JingHua SUN YeLe YUAN Hui ZHUANG GuoShun ZHUANG YaHui HAO ZhengPing Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Center for Atmospheric Environmental Study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Airborne particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) samples were collected at the Beijing Normal University sampling site in the urban area of Beijing, China in dry and wet seasons during 2001―2004. Concen-trations of 23 elements and 14 ions in particulate samples were determined by ICP-AES and IC, re-spectively. Source apportionment results derived from both Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) models indicate that the major contributors of PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing are: soil dust, fossil fuel combustion, vehicle exhausts, secondary particulate, biomass burning and some industrial sources. We have identified both regional common sources, such as vehicular emis-sions, particulate of secondary origin and biomass burning, as well as country-specific problems, such as sand storms and soil dust that should be addressed for effective air quality control.

关键词：北京地区城区空气颗粒物 PM10 PM2.5 污染源

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Live above-and belowground biomass of a Mozambican evergreen forest:a comparison of estimates based on regression equations and biomass expansion factors

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第1期3卷 1-12页

作者： Tarquinio Mateus Magalhāes Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Eduardo MondlaneCampus Universitario

Background： Biomass regression equations are claimed to yield the most accurate biomass estimates than biomass expansion factors （BEFs）. Yet, national and regional biomass estimates are generally calculated based on BEFs, especially when using national forest inventory data. Comparison of regression equations based and BEF-based biomass estimates are scarce. Thus, this study was intended to compare these two commonly used methods for estimating tree and forest biomass with regard to errors and biases. Methods： The data were collected in 2012 and 2014. In 2012, a two-phase sampling design was used to fit tree component biomass regression models and determine tree BEFs. In 2014, additional trees were felled outside sampling plots to estimate the biases associated with regression equation based and BEF-based biomass estimates; those estimates were then compared in terms of the following sources of error： plot selection and variability, biomass model, model parameter estimates, and residual variability around model prediction. Results： The regression equation based below-, aboveground and whole tree biomass stocks were, approximately, 7.7, 8.5 and 8.3 % larger than the BEF-based ones. For the whole tree biomass stock, the percentage of the total error attributed to first phase （random plot selection and variability） was 90 and 88 % for regression- and BEF-based estimates, respectively, being the remaining attributed to biomass models （regression and BEF models, respectively）. The percent bias of regression equation based and BEF-based biomass estimates for the whole tree biomass stock were -2.7 and 5.4 %, respectively. The errors due to model parameter estimates, those due to residual variability around model prediction, and the percentage of the total error attributed to biomass model were larger for BEF models （than for regression models）, except for stem and stem wood components. Conclusions＂ The regression equation based biomass stocks were found to be slightly larg

关键词： Androstachysjohnsonii Prain Mecrusse Root growth Biomass additivity Double sampling Forest biomassinventory Carbon allocation

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Implementation and assessment of diverse strategies for physical activity promotion in Vietnam--A case report

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第1期7卷 42-49页

作者： Gabriella Beckvid-Henriksson Thu Hoai Nguyen Julia Kilhed Agnes Nordstrom Sofie Svensson Thi Thanh Huong Tran Ingeborg Van Der Ploeg Carl Johan Sundberg Department of Physiology & Pharmacology Karolinska Instituter Stockholm 17177 Sweden Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences' and Society Division of Physiotherapy Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14183 Sweden National Geriatric Hospital Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam department of Ethics & Social Medicine Hanoi Medical University Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam Unit for Bioentrepreneurship Department of Learning Informatics Management and Ethics Karolinska Instituter Stockholm 17177 Sweden

Background: Regular physical activity(PA) has documented effects in prevention and treatment of many non-communicable diseases(NCDs).Physical inactivity is recognized as the fourth leading risk factor for premature death, worldwide. Despite these facts, physical inactivity is increasing,not only in high-income, but also in middle-and low-income countries. To address this negative trend, evidence-based methods to increase PA are needed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation and assessment of 4 strategies designed to increase PA in ***: Four strategies were used: i) introduction and evaluation of an education and training program on the swedish method of Physical Activity on Prescription(PAP) among health care professionals, ii) translation of the PAP evidence-based handbook, Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease(called FYSS in swedish) into Vietnamese, iii) launch of a mass-media campaign to promote PA, and iv)advocacy to support development of PA guidelines in ***: The evaluation indicated that the participating health care professionals had a positive attitude to PAP. However, they also reported uncertainty in prescribing PA. FYSS was translated and disseminated successfully to health care professionals. A mass-media campaign identified the beneficial effects of PA to health care professionals, journalists, policy makers, and the public. Last, the process of developing national guidelines on PA was ***: This project led to enhanced awareness and appreciation of PA in the prevention and treatment of NCDs among health care professionals as well as initiation of national PA guidelines. Important lessons also were learned in the presentation of PAP, which will be considered when designing similar projects in the future.

关键词： Exercise prescription Guidelines and recommendations Health promotion Lower middle-income country Non-communicable diseases Physicalactivity

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SDI planning using the system dynamics technique within a community of practice:lessons learnt from Tanzania

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2015年第2期18卷 97-110页

作者： Ali MANSOURIAN Alex LUBIDA Petter PILESJÖ Ehsan ABDOLMAJIDI Monica LASSI GIS Center Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversitySölvegatan 1222362 LundSweden Department of Research and Study Services Lund University LibraryLund UniversityHelgonabacken 1Box 3SE-22100 LundSweden

There exist major challenges in accelerating the spatial data infrastructure(SDI)planning process in the developing countries as well as advocating for politicians to support the development of SDI,due to the high complexity of SDI,lack of knowledge and experience,and limited insight in the *** address these challenges,a methodology for SDI planning in Tanzania,based on the system dynamics technique and the communities of practice concept,was adopted and applied within a community consisting of experts from stakeholder *** groups gathered to develop an SDI plan,while they shared their knowledge and discussed their ideas that helped their understanding of *** running the system dynamics model,the development of SDI over time could be simulated that gave the planning community an insight about the future effects of today’s plans and ***,an optimum model could be developed by refinements and improvements done with the consensus of the SDI *** model included the components and policies that are essential for a successful SDI implementation in Tanzania and can be used as a basis for SDI planning and help to gain political *** learnt from this research were promising regarding the usability of the methodology for SDI planning in comparable countries.

关键词： spatial data infrastructure(SDI) planning system dynamics technique community of practice

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Discrimination of Acacia seeds at species and subspecies levels using an image analyzer

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Forestry Studies in China 2013年第4期15卷 253-260页

作者： V.SIVAKUMAR R.ANANDALAKSHMI Rekha R.WARRIER B.G.SINGH M.TIGABU B.NAGARAJAN Division of Seed Technology Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre

Seeds of Acacia species and subspecies were characterized using an image analyzer and discriminated for the purpose of identification of species, using their seeds. The species considered in the study were Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, A. nilotica subsp. cupressiformis, A. nilotica subsp. tomentosa, A. tortilis subsp. raddiana, A. tortilis subsp. spirocarpa, A. raddiana, A. senegal, A. auriculiformis, A. farnesiana, A. leucophloea, A. mearnsii, A. melanoxylon, A. planifrons and A. mangium. Eight samples each consisting of 25 seeds per species were studied using the image analyzer for physical characteristics of seeds, such as 2D surface area, length, width, perimeter, roundness, aspect ratio and fullness ratio. Discriminant analysis showed that acacias can be discriminated at species and subspecies levels, with 96% accuracy. Exceptions were A. nilotica subsp. tomentosa(75.0%), A. tortilis subsp. spirocarpa(75.0%) and A. raddiana(87.5%) which had relatively low discrimination accuracy. However, discriminant analysis within selected species showed complete recognition of these species except for A. tortilis subsp. spirocarpa, that had still a large overlap with A. leucophloea. The study also revealed that both seed size and shape characteristics were responsible for species discrimination. It can be concluded that rapid analysis of seed size and shape characteristics using image analysis techniques can be used as primary and secondary keys for identification of acacias.

关键词： Acacia image analyzer discriminant analysis seed identification

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Dynamics of cooperative emissions in a cascade three-level molecular system driven by an ultrashort laser pulse

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Chinese Physics B 2008年第11期17卷 4211-4217页

作者：刘纪彩王春兴 Gel’mukhanov Faris 王传奎 College of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China Department of Theoretical Chemistry School of Biotechnology Royal Institute of Technology SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden

This paper investigates the dynamics of cooperative emissions in a cascade three-level system driven by an ultra, short laser pulse by solving numerically the full-wave Maxwell-Bloch equations. The 4, 4＇-bis（dimethylamino） stilbene molecule is used as the model molecule because of its strong two-photon absorption property. The two-colour cooperative emissions are studied as functions of molecular number density and dephasing rate of the dipole coherence. The propagation effects on the evolution of the cooperative radiations are also taken into account. The cooperative radiations are enhanced for large number density of the molecule, while the fast dephasing of the dipole coherence reduces the intensity of the cooperative radiations and delays the emission times or even inhibits the formation of the emissions. The delay time of the radiation decreases with the increase of the molecular number density and the propagation distance.

关键词： superfluorescence ultra-short laser pulse 4 4'-bis(dimethylamino) stilbene organic molecule Maxwell-Bloch equations

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Deep learning methods for biotic and abiotic stresses detection and classification in fruits and vegetables:State of the art and perspectives

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第3期9卷 46-60页

作者： Sèton Calmette Ariane Houetohossou Vinasetan Ratheil Houndji Castro Gbêmêmali Hounmenou Rachidatou Sikirou Romain Lucas Glele Kakaï Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières Faculty of Agronomic SciencesUniversity of Abomey-Calavi04 BP 1525CotonouBenin Institut de Formation et de Recherche en Informatique University of Abomey-Calavi01 BP 526CotonouBenin Laboratoire de Défense des Cultures Centre de Recherches Agricoles d'AgonkanmeyInstitut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin(INRAB)01 BP 884CotonouBenin

Deep Learning(DL),a type of Machine Learning,has gained significant interest in many fields,including *** paper aims to shed light on deep learning techniques used in agriculture for abiotic and biotic stress detection in fruits and vegetables,their benefits,and the challenges faced by *** papers were collected from Web of Science,Scopus,Google Scholar,Springer,and Directory of Open Access Journals(DOAJ)using combinations of specific keywords such as:’Deep Learning’OR’Artificial Intelligence’in combination with fruit disease’,vegetable disease’,‘fruit stress',OR‘vegetable stress'following PRISMA *** the initial 818 papers identified using the keywords,132 were reviewed after excluding books,reviews,and the *** recovered scientific papers were from 2003 to 2022;93%addressed biotic stress on fruits and *** most common biotic stresses on species are fungal diseases(grey spots,brown spots,black spots,downy mildew,powdery mildew,and anthracnose).Few studies were interested in abiotic stresses(nutrient deficiency,water stress,light intensity,and heavy metal contamination).Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks were the most used keywords,with GoogleNet(18.28%),ResNet50(16.67%),and VGG16(16.67%)as the most used ***-two percent of the data used to compile these models come from the fields,followed by data obtained *** problems due to unbalanced classes and the small size of some databases were also *** provided the research gaps and some perspectives from the reviewed *** research works are required for a deep understanding of the use of machine learning techniques in fruit and vegetable studies:collection of large datasets according to different scenarios on fruit and vegetable diseases,evaluation of the effect of climatic variability on the fruit and vegetable yield using AI methods and more abiotic stress studies.

关键词： Deep learning Prediction Fruits Vegetables Stress Agricultural yield

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Equity Study in Health Workforce on Tuberculosis Control in China: a Nationwide Evaluation

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第8期26卷 702-707页

作者： SHI Ying XU Biao WANG Wei Bing ZHAO Qi Fu Dan University School of Public Health National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China Bureau of Disease Control

We aimed to describe the distribution of tuberculosis （TB） health workers in China and provide evidences of potential inequity for policy development. We used Lorenz curves and Gini index to characterize the distribution of TB health workers by population size, geographical area and number of annual registered TB cases. An additional stratified analysis was done by three economic regions. The Gini index were 0.33 for population size, 0.62 for geographical area and 0.30 for number of registered tuberculosis cases that indicated an acceptable average, significant inequity and a relative average distribution nationwide respectively.

关键词： TB a Nationwide Evaluation Equity Study in Health Workforce on Tuberculosis Control in China

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