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Fast and Balanced Charge Transport Enabled by Solution-Processed Metal Oxide Layers for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 240-248页

作者： Jing Zhang James Mcgettrick Kangyu Ji Jinxin Bi Thomas Webb Xueping Liu Dongtao Liu Aobo Ren Yuren Xiang Bowei Li Vlad Stolojan Trystan Watson Samuel D.Stranks Wei Zhang Advanced Technology Institute(ATI) University of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK SPECIFIC College of EngineeringSwansea UniversityBay Campus SA18ENSwansea UK Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJ JThomson AvenueCambridge CB30HEUK Department of Chemical Engineering&Biotechnology University of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridge CB30ASUK

Metal oxide charge transport materials are preferable for realizing long-term stable and potentially low-cost perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,due to some technical difficulties(e.g.,intricate fabrication protocols,high-temperature heating process,incompatible solvents,etc.),it is still challenging to achieve efficient and reliable all-metal-oxide-based ***,we developed efficient inverted PSCs(IPSCs)based on solution-processed nickel oxide(NiO_(x))and tin oxide(SnO_(2))nanoparticles,working as hole and electron transport materials respectively,enabling a fast and balanced charge transfer for photogenerated charge *** further understanding and optimizing the perovskite/metal oxide interfaces,we have realized an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.5%(the bandgap of the perovskite is 1.62 eV),which is the highest efficiency among IPSCs based on all-metal-oxide charge transport *** to these stable metal oxides and improved interface properties,ambient stability(retaining 95%of initial PCE after 1 month),thermal stability(retaining 80%of initial PCE after 2 weeks)and light stability(retaining 90%of initial PCE after 1000 hours aging)of resultant devices are enhanced *** addition,owing to the low-temperature fabrication procedures of the entire device,we have obtained a PCE of over 21%for flexible IPSCs with enhanced operational stability.

关键词： fast and balanced charge transfer inverted perovskite solar cells long-term stability low-temperature processing metal oxides

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Magnetic skyrmions:Basic properties and potential applications

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Interdisciplinary Materials 2023年第2期2卷 260-289页

作者： Sheng Li Xuewen Wang Theo Rasing State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing International School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhanPeople's Republic of China Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory FoshanPeople's Republic of China Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands

Magnetic skyrmions are particle-like topological magnetic textures that are potential information carriers in future *** enormous body of research confirms their existence in a broad range of magnetic materials since their first discovery in *** date,magnetic skyrmions can not only be found in asymmetric systems but also in centrosymmetric ***,engineered magnetic multilayers are promising structures for skyrmion-based spintronics because they can stabilize small-sized skyrmions at room temperature and facilitate their electric *** this overview,we introduce the topological nature,their special properties,and nucleation methods of skyrmions,and show their potential for *** on skyrmionic devices and developments toward other,more three-dimensional particle-like magnetic nanostructures,are discussed at the end.

关键词： antiferromagnetic skyrmions magnetic multilayers magnetic skyrmions skyrmion Hall effect spintronics ultrafast laser pulses

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Hybrid magnetorheological elastomers enable versatile soft actuators

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1546-1559页

作者： Miguel Angel Moreno-Mateos Mokarram Hossain Paul Steinmann Daniel Garcia-Gonzalez Department of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis Universidad Carlos III de MadridAvda.de la Universidad 3028911LeganésMadridSpain Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringSwansea UniversitySA18ENSwanseaUK Institute of Applied Mechanics University of Erlangen-NurembergEgerland Str.5ErlangenGermany Glasgow Computational Engineering Centre School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowG128QQGlasgowUK

Recent advances in magnetorheological elastomers(MREs)have posed the question on whether the combination of both soft-and hard-magnetic particles may open new routes to design versatile multifunctional ***,we conceptualise ultra-soft hybrid MREs(≈1–10 kPa stiffness)combining experimental and computational ***,a comprehensive experimental characterisation is *** results unravel that the magneto-mechanical performance of hybrid MREs can be optimised by selecting an adequate mixing ratio between ***,a multi-physics computational framework provides insights into the synergistic magneto-mechanical interactions at the *** particles amplify the magnetisation and hard particles contribute to torsional *** numerical results suggest that the effective response of hybrid MREs emerges from these intricate ***,we uncover exciting possibilities to push the frontiers of MRE *** are demonstrated by simulating a bimorph beam that provides actuation flexibility either enhancing mechanical bending or material stiffening,depending on the magnetic stimulation.

关键词： versatile magneto enable

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Immune regulatory networks coordinated by glycans and glycan-binding proteins in autoimmunity and infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第10期20卷 1101-1113页

作者： SaloméS.Pinho Inês Alves Joana Gaifem Gabriel A.Rabinovich i3S–Institute for research and Innovation in Health University of Porto4200-135PortoPortugal ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Porto4050-313PortoPortugal Faculty of Medicine University of Porto4200-319PortoPortugal Laboratorio de Glicomedicina Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental(IBYME)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)C1428Ciudad de Buenos AiresArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos AiresC1428Ciudad de Buenos AiresArgentina

The immune system is coordinated by an intricate network of stimulatory and inhibitory circuits that regulate host responses against endogenous and exogenous *** of these safeguard and homeostatic mechanisms can lead to unpredictable inflammatory and autoimmune responses,whereas deficiency of immune stimulatory pathways may orchestrate immunosuppressive programs that contribute to perpetuate chronic infections,but also influence cancer development and *** have emerged as essential components of homeostatic circuits,acting as fine-tuners of immunological responses and potential molecular targets for manipulation of immune tolerance and activation in a wide range of pathologic *** surface glycans,present in cells,tissues and the extracellular matrix,have been proposed to serve as“self-associated molecular patterns”that store structurally relevant biological *** responsibility of deciphering this information relies on different families of glycan-binding proteins(including galectins,siglecs and C-type lectins)which,upon recognition of specific carbohydrate structures,can recalibrate the magnitude,nature and fate of immune *** process is tightly regulated by the diversity of glycan structures and the establishment of multivalent interactions on cell surface receptors and the extracellular *** we review the spatiotemporal regulation of selected glycan-modifying processes including mannosylation,complex N-glycan branching,core 2 O-glycan elongation,LacNAc extension,as well as terminal sialylation and ***,we illustrate examples that highlight the contribution of these processes to the control of immune responses and their integration with canonical tolerogenic ***,we discuss the power of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as a source of immunomodulatory signals that could be leveraged for the treatment of autoimmune inflammation and chronic infection.

关键词： Immune response Inflammation Infection Glycans Glycosylation Glycan-binding proteins

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