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Effect of rooting media and hormone concentrations on vegetative propagation of Balanites aegyptiaca

Journal of Forestry research 2019年第1期30卷 73-76页

作者： R.B.Mukhtar Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Faculty of Agriculture Bayero University

Vegetative propagation is widely used as a means of genotype preservation in clone banks and seed orchards but despite this, the possibility of vegetative propagation using hormones is not clear for many indigenous tree species, including Balanites aegyptiaca. This research is on the vegetative propagation of B. aegyptiaca as influenced by rooting media and growth *** stem cuttings were obtained from 4 months old seedlings. Nodal stem cuttings 4–5 cm long from 3–5 mm diameter stems were treated with indole-3-butyric acid or indole-3-acetic acid at 50, 100 and 150 mg/L and sown in three different rooting media: top soil, river sand, and sawdust. The results reveal a significant effect(p \ 0.05)of rooting media and growth hormones on B. aegyptiaca cuttings. B. aegyptiaca can be propagated vegitatively without the use of hormones. The control was recommended for vegetative propagation of B. aegyptiaca.

关键词： Rooting media Growth hormones B.aegyptiaca Stem cuttings

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Assessment of GNSS zenith tropospheric delay responses to atmospheric variables derived from ERA5 data over nigeria

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Satellite Navigation 2023年第1期4卷 167-182,I0005页

作者： Ifechukwu Ugochukwu Nzelibe Herbert Tata Timothy Oluwadare Idowu Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Federal University of Technology AkureAkureNigeria

Tropospheric delay is a major error caused by atmospheric refraction in Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)*** study evaluates the potential of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast(ECMWF)Reanalysis 5(ERA5)atmospheric variables in estimating the Zenith Tropospheric Delay(ZTD).Linear regression models(LRM)are applied to estimate ZTD with the ERA5 atmospheric *** ZTD are also estimated using standard ZTD models based on ERA5 and Global Pressure and Temperature 3(GPT3)atmospheric *** ZTD estimates are evaluated using the data collected from the permanent GNSS continuously operating reference stations in the nigerian *** results reveal that the Zenith Hydrostatic Delay(ZHD)from the LRM and the Saastamoinien model using ERA5 surface pressure are of identical accuracy,having a Root Mean Square(RMS)error of 2.3 mm while the GPT3-ZHD has an RMS of 3.4 *** the Zenith Wet Delay(ZWD)component,the best estimates are derived using ERA5 Precipitable Water Vapour(PWV).These include the ZWD derived by the LRM having an average RMS of 20.9 mm and Bevis equation having RMS of 21.1 mm and 21.0 mm for global and local weighted mean temperatures,*** evaluation of GPT3-ZWD estimates gives RMS of 45.8 *** study has provided a valuable insight into the application of ERA5 data for ZTD *** line with the fndings of the study,the ERA5 atmospheric variables are recommended for improving the accuracy in ZTD estimation,required for GNSS positioning.

关键词： ECMWF reanalysis 5(ERA5) Global navigation satellite systems(GNSS) Global pressure and temperature 3(GPT3) Modelling nigeria Zenith tropospheric delay(ZTD)

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Investigating unsafe behaviours in traffic conflict situations:An observational study in nigeria

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2019年第5期6卷 482-492页

作者： Chinebuli Uzondu Samantha Jamson Frank Lai Institute for Transport Studies University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK Department of Transport Management Technology Federal University of Technology Owerri Owerri Nigeria

Although road users are aware of the possible risks of engaging in unsafe behaviours while driving,they continue to do *** behaviours often contribute to traffic incidents and crashes involving them and other road *** study set out to analyse the effect of road user type,location and time of day on unsafe driving behaviours observed in traffic conflict *** were collected by road side observation at three different locations in the eastern part of nigeria using the traffic conflict technique(TCT).This approach was adopted to overcome the inherent problems associated with reliable,inadequate and accessible crash data in *** total 946 traffic conflicts were observed and statistical testing showed that drivers were involved in one or more unsafe behaviours prior to these *** all unsafe behaviours observed,the incorrect use of indicators(13.3%) and tailgating(11.3%) were found to be the most prevalent,while road user type,location and time of day were found to be statistically associated with passenger scouting and other unsafe *** drivers were significantly more likely to engage in unsafe behaviours than vehicle *** are also more likely to engage in unsafe behaviours on straight ***,a greater number of these unsafe behaviours were observed during the peak *** is recommended that better road infrastructure,more effective regulations and enforcement,and proper road safety education could help improve traffic safety in nigeria.

关键词： Unsafe behaviour Traffic conflict Traffic safety Crash data

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