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Hydrogen peroxide mediates pro-inflammatory cell-to-cell signaling: a new therapeutic target for inflammation?

Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第8期14卷 1430-1437页

作者： Dhanushka Gunawardena Ritesh Raju Gerald Münch Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Western Sydney University

Nitric oxide is now universally recognized as an extracellular signaling molecule. Nitric oxide, produced in one cell, diffuses across the extracellular space and acts with targets in an adjoining cell. In this study, we present proof that hydrogen peroxide - like nitric oxide - acts as a true first (intercellular) messenger for a multitude of pro-inflammatory ligands. RAW 264.7 macrophages were activated with three different ligands, lipopolysaccharide, interferon-gamma or advanced glycation end products in the presence of increasing concentrations of (hydrogen peroxide scavenging) catalase. As inflammatory readouts, nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor were determined. We hypothesize that hydrogen peroxide travels between cells propagating the signal, then a certain percentage of the readout should be inhibited by catalase in a concentration- dependent manner. The experiment showed concentration-dependent inhib让ion of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-a production in response to all three ligands/ligand combinations (interferon-gamma, lipopolysaccharide, and chicken egg albumin-derived advanced glycation end product) in the presence of increasing concentration of catalase. For example, catalase inhibited 100% of nitric oxide and 40% of tumor necrosis factor-a production at its highest concentration. Our results suggest that hydrogen peroxide travels through cell membranes into the extracellular space and enters and activates ad;acent cells. Like rdtric oxide, we suggest that it is a ubiquitous first messenger, able to transmit cell-to-cell pro-inflammatory signals such as nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-a. In a therapeutic setting, our data suggest that compounds acting as hydrogen peroxide scavengers might not even need to enter the cell to act as anti-inflammatory drugs.

关键词： Inflammation glycation redox signaling cytokines anti-inflammatory drugs hydrogen peroxide membrane permeable lipopolysaccharide Interferon-gamma signaling

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Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第35期15卷 4356-4364页

作者： Mark W Douglas Jacob George Storr Liver Unit Westmead Millennium InstituteUniversity of Sydney at Westmead Hospita

It is now widely recognized that chronic hepatitis C (CHC)is associated with insulin resistance(IR)and type 2 diabetes,so can be considered a metabolic *** is most strongly associated with hepatitis C virus(HCV)genotype 1,in contrast to hepatic steatosis, which is associated with genotype 3 *** from the well-described complications of diabetes,IR in CHC predicts faster progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis that may culminate in liver failure and hepatocellular *** recently,it has been recognized that IR in CHC predicts a poor response to antiviral therapy. The molecular mechanisms for the association between IR and HCV infection are not well *** review will elaborate on the clinical associations between CHC and IR and summarize current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms that potentially mediate HCV-associated IR.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Insulin resistance Treatment response Interferon

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Non alcoholic steatohepatitis a precursor for hepatocellular carcinoma development

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16464-16473页

作者： Chun-Meng Jiang Chun-Wen Pu Ya-Hui Hou Zhe Chen Mohammed Alanazy Lionel Hebbard Department of Digestive System the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Department of Liver Disease Dalian the Sixth People’s Hospital Department of General Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Storr Liver Unit Westmead Millennium Institute University of Sydney

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is increasing in prevalence and is one of the most common cancers in the world. Chief amongst the risks of attaining HCC are hepatitis B and C infection, aflatoxin B1 ingestion, alcoholism and obesity. The later has been shown to promote non alcoholic fatty liver disease, which can lead to the inflammatory form non alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). NASH is a complex metabolic disorder that can impact greatly on hepatic function. The mechanisms by which NASH promotes HCC are only beginning to be characterized. Here in this review, we give an overview of the recent novel mechanisms published that have been associated with NASH and subsequent HCC progression. We will focus our discussion on inflammation and gut derived inflammation and how they contribute to NASH driven HCC.

关键词： Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatocellular carcinoma Inflammation Microbiome Bile acids

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Electrode-induced impurities in tin halide perovskite solar cell material CsSnBr_(3) from first principles

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 555-563页

作者： Yuhang Liang Xiangyuan Cui Feng Li Catherine Stampfl Simon P.Ringer Rongkun Zheng School of Physics The University of SydneyNew South Wales 2006Australia School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringThe University of SydneyNew South Wales 2006Australia

All-inorganic lead-free CsSnBr_(3)is attractive for applications in solar cells due to its nontoxicity and stability,but the device performance to date has been *** the intrinsic properties,impurities induced from electrodes may significantly influence the device ***,we systematically studied the stability,transition energy levels,and diffusion of impurities from the most commonly used electrodes(Au,Ag,Cu,graphite,and graphene)in CsSnBr_(3)based on density functional theory *** results reveal that,whereas graphite and graphene electrodes exhibit negligible influence on CsSnBr_(3)due to the relatively high formation energies for carbon impurities in CsSnBr_(3),atoms from the metal electrodes can effectively diffuse into CsSnBr_(3)along interstice and form electrically active impurities in CsSnBr_(3).In this case,a significant amount of donor interstitial impurities,such as Agti,Cuti,and Auti,will be formed under p-type conditions,whereas the Sn-site substitutional acceptor impurities,namely Au_(Sn)^(2-),Ag_(Sn)^(2-),and Cu_(Sn)^(2-),are the dominant impurities,especially under n-type *** particular,except for Auti,all these major impurities from the metal electrodes act as nonradiative recombination centers in CsSnBr_(3)and significantly degrade the device *** work highlights the distinct behaviors of the electrode impurities in CsSnBr_(3)and their influence on the related devices and provides valuable information for identifying suitable electrodes for optoelectronic applications.

关键词： stability perovskite halide

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Rapid GFAP and Iba1 expression changes in the female rat brain following spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 378-385页

作者： Mawj Mandwie Jordan A.Piper Catherine A.Gorrie Kevin A.Keay Giuseppe Musumeci Ghaith Al-Badri Alessandro Castorina Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience(LCMN) School of Life ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Neural Injury Research Unit School of Life ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia School of Medical Sciences(Neuroscience) The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences AnatomyHistology and Movement Sciences SectionSchool of MedicineUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly

Evidence suggests that rapid changes to supporting glia may predispose individuals with spinal cord injury(SCI) to such comorbidities. Here, we interrogated the expression of astrocyte-and microglial-specific markers glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba1) in the rat brain in the first 24 hours following SCI. Female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent thoracic laminectomy;half of the rats received a mild contusion injury at the level of the T10 vertebral body(SCI group), the other half did not(Sham group). Twenty-four hours post-surgery the amygdala, periaqueductal grey, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, lateral thalamus, hippocampus(dorsal and ventral) in rats were collected. GFAP and Iba1 m RNA and protein levels were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. In SCI rats, GFAP m RNA and protein expression increased in the amygdala and hypothalamus. In contrast, gene and protein expression decreased in the thalamus and dorsal hippocampus. Interestingly, Iba1 transcripts and proteins were significantly diminished only in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, where gene expression diminished. These findings demonstrate that as early as 24 hours post-SCI there are region-specific disruptions of GFAP and Iba1 transcript and protein levels in higher brain regions. All procedures were approved by the University of Technology sydney Institutional Animal Care and Ethics Committee(UTS ACEC13-0069).

关键词： affective disorders astrocytes glial fibrillary acidic protein ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 memory microglia neurotrauma spinal cord injury

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Explainable Artificial Intelligence-A New Step towards the Trust in Medical Diagnosis with AI Frameworks:A Review

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第12期133卷 843-872页

作者： Nilkanth Mukund Deshpande Shilpa Gite Biswajeet Pradhan Mazen Ebraheem Assiri Department of Electronics&Telecommunication LavaleSymbiosis Institute of TechnologySymbiosis International(Deemed University)Pune412115India Electronics&Telecommunication Vilad GhatDr.Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of EngineeringAhmednagarMaharashtra414111India Centre for AdvancedModelling and Geospatial Information Systems(CAMGIS) School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering&ITUniversity of Technology SydneySydney2007Australia Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Earth Observation Centre Universiti KebangsaanInstitute of Climate ChangeMalaysiaSelangor43600Malaysia Department of Computer Science LavaleSymbiosis Institute of TechnologySymbiosis International(Deemed University)Pune412115India Symbiosis Center for Applied Artificial Intelligence(SCAAI) LavaleSymbiosis International(Deemed University)Pune412115India

Machine learning(ML)has emerged as a critical enabling tool in the sciences and industry in recent ***’s machine learning algorithms can achieve outstanding performance on an expanding variety of complex tasks-thanks to advancements in technique,the availability of enormous databases,and improved computing *** learning models are at the forefront of this ***,because of their nested nonlinear structure,these strong models are termed as“black boxes,”as they provide no information about how they arrive at their *** a lack of transparencies may be unacceptable in many applications,such as the medical domain.A lot of emphasis has recently been paid to the development of methods for visualizing,explaining,and interpreting deep *** situation is substantially different in safety-critical *** lack of transparency of machine learning techniques may be limiting or even disqualifying issue in this ***,when single bad decisions can endanger human life and health(e.g.,autonomous driving,medical domain)or result in significant monetary losses(e.g.,algorithmic trading),depending on an unintelligible data-driven system may not be an *** lack of transparency is one reason why machine learning in sectors like health is more cautious than in the consumer,e-commerce,or entertainment *** is the term introduced in the preceding *** AImodel’s black box nature will become explainable with these *** in the medical domain,diagnosing a particular disease through AI techniques would be less adapted for commercial *** models’explainable natures will help them commercially in diagnosis decisions in the medical *** paper explores the different frameworks for the explainability of AI models in the medical *** available frameworks are compared with other parameters,and their suitability for medical fields is also discussed.

关键词： Medical imaging explainability artificial intelligence XAI

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Influence of hierarchical ZSM-5 catalysts with various acidity on the dehydration of glycerol to acrolein

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2021年第1期1卷 71-80页

作者： Shufang Zhao Songlin He Kyung Du Kim Lizhuo Wang Ryong Ryoo Zichun Wang Jun Huang Laboratory for Catalysis Engineering School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringSydney Nano InstituteThe University of SydneyNSW2006Australia Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Daejeon305-701South Korea Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon34141South Korea Department of Engineering Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South Wales2109Australia

The main challenge in the dehydration of glycerol to acrolein lies in overcoming catalystdeactivation and improving the selectivity to acrolein. The relationship between theacidity in the mesoporous channels and catalytic performance of glycerol dehydration israrely reported. In this work, to investigate the influence of acidity in the mesoporouschannels of hierarchical ZSM-5 catalysts on the dehydration of glycerol to acrolein, a seriesof hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with comparable mesoporous volume and mesoporous sizebut different acid properties in mesopores have been successfully prepared via alkalinetreatment. The sample with the abundant mesoporosity and highest acidity display thebest performance.

关键词： Zeolites Hierarchical pores Acidity Glycerol dehydration NMR

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Earthquake-induced liquefaction hazard mapping at national-scale in Australia using deep learning techniques

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第1期14卷 118-132页

作者： Ratiranjan Jena Biswajeet Pradhan Mansour Almazroui Mazen Assiri Hyuck-Jin Park Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems(CAMGIS) School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyAustralia Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research Department of MeteorologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering Sejong UniversityChoongmu-gwan209 Neungdong-roGwangjin-guSeoul 05006Korea Earth Observation Centre Institute of Climate ChangeUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKMBangiSelangorMalaysia

Australia is a relatively stable continental region but not tectonically inert,having geological conditions that are susceptible to liquefaction when subjected to earthquake ground *** hazard assessment for Australia was conducted because no Australian liquefaction maps that are based on modern Al techniques are currently *** this study,several conditioning factors including Shear wave velocity(Vs30),clay content,soil water content,soil bulk density,soil thickness,soil pH,distance from river,slope and elevation were considered to estimate the liquefaction potential index(LPI).By considering the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment(PSHA)technique,peak ground acceleration(PGA)was derived for 50 yrs period(500 and 2500 yrs return period)in ***,liquefaction hazard index(LHI)(effects based on the size and depth of the liquefiable areas)was estimated by considering the LPI along with the 2%and 10%exceedance probability of earthquake ***,ground acceleration data from the Geoscience Australia projecting 2%and 10%exceedance rate of PGA for 50 yrs were used in this study to produce earthquake induced soil liquefaction hazard ***,deep neural net-works(DNNs)were also exerted to estimate liquefaction hazard that can be reported as liquefaction hazard base maps for Australia with an accuracy of 94%and 93%,*** per the results,very-high liquefaction hazard can be observed in Western and Southern Australia including some parts of *** research is the first ever country-scale study to be considered for soil liquefaction hazard in Australia using geospatial information in association with PSHA and deep learning *** study used an earthquake design magnitude threshold of Mw 6 using the source model *** resulting maps present the earthquake-triggered liquefaction hazard and are intending to establish a conceptual structure to guide more detailed investigations as may be requir

关键词： Earthquake induced liquefaction PSHA Deep learning GIS Australia

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Attributable risk and potential impact of interventions to reduce household air pollution associated with under-five mortality in South Asia

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Global Health Research and Policy 2018年第1期3卷 361-369页

作者： Sabrina Naz Andrew Page Kingsley Emwinyore Agho Translational Health Research Institute School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityBuilding 3Campbelltown CampusLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW 2571Australia School of Science and Health Western Sydney UniversityCampbelltown CampusLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW 2571Australia

Background:Solid fuel use is the major source of household air pollution(HAP)and accounts for a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality in low and middle income *** evaluate and compare childhood mortality attributable to HAP in four South Asian ***:A series of Demographic and Health Survey(DHS)datasets for Bangladesh,India,Nepal and Pakistan were used for *** of relative risk and exposure prevalence relating to use of cooking fuel and under-five mortality were used to calculate population attributable fractions(PAFs)for each *** impact fractions(PIFs)were also calculated assessing theoretical scenarios based on published interventions aiming to reduce exposure ***:There are an increased risk of under-five mortality in those exposed to cooking fuel compared to those not exposed in the four South Asian countries(OR=1.30,95%CI=1.07-1.57,P=0.007).Combined PAF estimates for South Asia found that 66%(95%CI:43.1-81.5%)of the 13,290 estimated cases of under-five mortality was attributable to *** PIF estimates(assuming achievable reductions in HAP reported in intervention studies conducted in South Asia)indicates 47%of neonatal and 43%of under-five mortality cases associated with HAP could be avoidable in the four South Asian countries ***:Elimination of exposure to use of cooking fuel in the household targeting valuable intervention strategies(such as cooking in separate kitchen,improved cook stoves)could reduce substantially under-five mortality in South Asian countries.

关键词： Household air pollution Under-five mortality Cooking fuel Population attributable risk South Asia

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Unsupervised ore/waste classification on open-cut mine faces using close-range hyperspectral data

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 89-99页

作者： Lloyd Windrim Arman Melkumyan Richard J.Murphy Anna Chlingaryan Raymond Leung Rio Tinto Centre for Mine Automation Australian Centre for Field RoboticsThe University of SydneySydney 2006Australia

The remote mapping of minerals and discrimination of ore and waste on surfaces are important tasks for geological applications such as those in *** tasks have become possible using ground-based,close-range hyperspectral sensors which can remotely measure the reflectance properties of the environ-ment with high spatial and spectral ***,autonomous mapping of mineral spectra mea-sured on an open-cut mine face remains a challenging problem due to the subtleness of differences in spectral absorption features between mineral and rock classes as well as variability in the illumination of the *** additional layer of difficulty arises when there is no annotated data available to train a supervised learning algorithm.A pipeline for unsupervised mapping of spectra on a mine face is pro-posed which draws from several recent advances in the hyperspectral machine learning *** proposed pipeline brings together unsupervised and self-supervised algorithms in a unified system to map minerals on a mine face without the need for human-annotated training *** pipeline is eval-uated with a hyperspectral image dataset of an open-cut mine face comprising mineral ore martite and non-mineralised *** combined system is shown to produce a superior map to its constituent algo-rithms,and the consistency of its mapping capability is demonstrated using data acquired at two differ-ent times of day.

关键词： Hyperspectral imaging Mineral mapping Open-cut mine face Machine learning Convolutional neural networks Illumination invariance

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