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Nitrogen rhizodeposition from corn and soybean,and its contribution to the subsequent wheat crops

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2446-2457页

作者： Sainan Geng Lantao Li Yuhong Miao Yinjie Zhang Xiaona Yu Duo Zhang Qirui Yang Xiao Zhang Yilun Wang College of Resources and Environment Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China

Nitrogen(N)is a key factor in the positive response of cereal crops that follow leguminous crops when compared to gramineous crops in rotations,with the nonrecyclable rhizosphere-derived N playing an important ***,quantitative assessments of differences in the N derived from rhizodeposition(NdfR)between legumes and gramineous crops are lacking,and comparative studies on their contributions to the subsequent cereals are *** this study,we conducted a meta-analysis of NdfR from leguminous and gramineous crops based on 34 observations published *** addition,pot experiments were conducted to study the differences in the NdfR amounts,distributions and subsequent effects of two major wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)-preceding crops,corn(Zea mays L.)and soybean(Glycine max L.),by the cotton wick-labelling method in the main wheat-producing areas of *** meta-analysis results showed that the NdfR of legumes was significantly greater by 138.93%compared to gramineous *** our pot experiment,the NdfR values from corn and soybean were 502.32 and 944.12 mg/pot,respectively,and soybean was also significantly higher than corn,accounting for 76.91 and 84.15%of the total belowground nitrogen of the plants,***,in different soil particle sizes,NdfR was mainly enriched in the large macro-aggregates(>2 mm),followed by the small macro-aggregates(2–0.25 mm).The amount and proportion of NdfR in the macro-aggregates(>0.25 mm)of soybean were 3.48 and 1.66 times higher than those of corn,respectively,indicating the high utilization potential of soybean *** the N accumulation of subsequent wheat,the contribution of soybean NdfR to wheat was approximately 3 times that of corn,accounting for 8.37 and 4.04%of the total N uptake of wheat,*** conclusion,soybean NdfR is superior to corn in terms of the quantity and distribution ratio of soil *** future field production,legume NdfR should be included in the nitrogen p

关键词： crop rotation nitrogen rhizodeposition meta-analysis soil aggregates nitrogen transfer

Mechanism of internal thermal runaway propagation in blade batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 184-194,I0005页

作者： Xuning Feng Fangshu Zhang Wensheng Huang Yong Peng Chengshan Xu Minggao Ouyang School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Blade batteries are extensively used in electric vehicles,but unavoidable thermal runaway is an inherent threat to their safe *** study experimentally investigated the mechanism underlying thermal runaway propagation within a blade battery by using a nail to trigger thermal runaway and thermocouples to track its propagation inside a *** results showed that the internal thermal runaway could propagate for up to 272 s,which is comparable to that of a traditional battery *** velocity of the thermal runaway propagation fluctuated between 1 and 8 mm s^(-1),depending on both the electrolyte content and high-temperature gas *** the early stages of thermal runaway,the electrolyte participated in the reaction,which intensified the thermal runaway and accelerated its *** the battery temperature increased,the electrolyte evaporated,which attenuated the acceleration *** diffusion affected thermal runaway propagation through both heat transfer and mass *** experimental results indicated that gas diffusion accelerated the velocity of thermal runaway propagation by 36.84%.We used a 1D mathematical model and confirmed that convective heat transfer induced by gas diffusion increased the velocity of thermal runaway propagation by 5.46%-17.06%.Finally,the temperature rate curve was analyzed,and a three-stage mechanism for internal thermal runaway propagation was *** Stage I,convective heat transfer from electrolyte evaporation locally increased the temperature to 100℃.In Stage II,solid heat transfer locally increases the temperature to trigger thermal *** StageⅢ,thermal runaway sharply increases the local *** proposed mechanism sheds light on the internal thermal runaway propagation of blade batteries and offers valuable insights into safety considerations for future design.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Blade battery Thermal runaway Internal thermal runaway propagation

Mechanism study of Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption from acidic wastewater by ultrasonic-modified municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 157-165页

作者： Shunda lin Yang Lu Lin Zheng Ling Long Xuguang Jiang Jianhua Yan State key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center Hangzhou 310027China Hangzhou Xiaoshan Jinjiang Green Energy Co. Ltd.XiaoshanHangzhou 310000China

High concentrations of copper ions(Cu(Ⅱ)) in water will pose health risks to humans and the ecological environment. Therefore, this study aims to utilize ultrasonic-cured modified municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI) fly ash for Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption to achieve the purpose of “treating waste by waste.” The effects of p H, adsorption time, initial concentration, and temperature on the modified MSWI fly ash’s adsorption efficiency were systematically studied in this article. The adsorption performance of the modified MSWI fly ash can be enhanced by the ultrasonic modification. At pH = 2, 3 and 4, the adsorption capacity of the modified MSWI fly ash for Cu(Ⅱ) increased by 2.7, 1.9 and 1.2 times, respectively. Furthermore, it was suggested that the adsorption process of the modified MSWI fly ash can be better simulated by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with a maximum adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir model of 24.196 mg.g-1. Additionally, the adsorption process is spontaneous,endothermic, and chemisorption-dominated from the thermodynamic studies(ΔH and ΔS > 0, ΔG < 0).Finally, the enhanced adsorption performance of the modified MSWI fly ash for Cu(Ⅱ) may be attributed to electrostatic interaction and chelation effects.

关键词： Ultrasound MSWI fly ash Cu(Ⅱ) Wastewater Adsorption

Federated Dynamic Client Selection for Fairness Guarantee in Heterogeneous Edge Computing

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第1期39卷 139-158页

作者：毛莺池沈莉娟吴俊平萍吴杰 key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China College of Computer and Information Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Center of Networked Computing Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122-6096U.S.A

Federated learning has emerged as a distributed learning paradigm by training at each client and aggregat-ing at a parameter *** heterogeneity hinders stragglers from responding to the server in time with huge com-munication *** client grouping in federated learning can solve the straggler problem,the stochastic selection strategy in client grouping neglects the impact of data distribution within each ***,current client grouping ap-proaches make clients suffer unfair participation,leading to biased performances for different *** order to guaran-tee the fairness of client participation and mitigate biased local performances,we propose a federated dynamic client selec-tion method based on data representativity(FedSDR).FedSDR clusters clients into groups correlated with their own lo-cal computational *** estimate the significance of client datasets,we design a novel data representativity evalua-tion scheme based on local data ***,the two most representative clients in each group are selected to optimize the global ***,the DYNAMIC-SELECT algorithm updates local computational efficiency and data representativity states to regroup clients after periodic average *** on real datasets show that FedS-DR improves client participation by 27.4%,37.9%,and 23.3%compared with FedAvg,TiFL,and FedSS,respectively,tak-ing fairness into account in federated *** addition,FedSDR surpasses FedAvg,FedGS,and FedMS by 21.32%,20.4%,and 6.90%,respectively,in local test accuracy variance,balancing the performance bias of the global model across clients.

关键词： federated learning fairness computational efficiency data distribution client selection client grouping

High Dynamic Bounding and Jumping Motion of Quadruped Robot Based on Stable Optimization Control

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 101-111页

作者： Sai Gu Fei Meng Botao Liu Junyao Gao Qiang Huang School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology100081 BeijingChina key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems Ministry of EducationBeijing 100081China

Aiming at the environment such as ravines and obstacles that may be encountered in the actual movement,this paper proposes a method for optimizing the bounding and jumping motion based on the ground touching force trajectory and the air motion trajectory of the quadruped *** method of optimizing the ground reaction force according to the speed of the demand and the height of the jump,and adjusting the stance and swing time according to the relationship of dynamics and momentum *** the same time,under the constraints of dynamics and energy consumption of the robot system,considering the jumping distance and height,a method for optimizing the air trajectory of bounding and jumping is *** switching and landing stability control are also ***,the experimental results show that the quadruped robot has strong bounding and jumping ability,and has achieved stable bounding movement and forward jump movement of 0.8 m.

关键词： Quadruped robot High dynamic motion control-Periodic limit cycle Trajectory optimization

Perception-Driven Learning of High-Dynamic Jumping Motions for Single-Legged Robots

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第4期21卷 1733-1746页

作者： Nengxiang Sun Fei Meng Sai Gu Botao Liu Xuechao Chen Zhangguo Yu Qiang Huang School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems Ministry of EducationBeijing100081China

Legged robots show great potential for high-dynamic motions in continuous interaction with the physical environment,yet achieving animal-like agility remains significant *** animals usually predict and plan their next locomotion by combining high-dimensional information from proprioception and exteroception,and adjust the stiffness of the body’s skeletal muscle system to adapt to the current *** control methods have limitations in handling high-dimensional state information or complex robot motion that are difficult to plan manually,and Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)algorithms provide new solutions to robot motioncontrol *** by biomimetics theory,we propose a perception-driven high-dynamic jump adaptive learning algorithm by combining DRL algorithms with Virtual Model Control(VMC)*** robot will be fully trained in simulation to explore its motion potential by learning the factors related to continuous jumping while knowing its real-time jumping *** policy trained in simulation is successfully deployed on the bio-inspired single-legged robot testing platform without further *** results show that the robot can achieve continuous and ideal vertical jumping motion through simple training.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning High-dynamic jump Perception driven Single-legged robot

The light and hypoxia induced gene ZmPORB1 determines tocopherol content in the maize kernel

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 435-448页

作者： Nannan Liu Yuanhao Du Shijuan Yan Wei Chen Min Deng Shutu Xu Hong Wang Wei Zhan Wenjie Huang Yan Yin Xiaohong Yang Qiao Zhao Alisdair R.Fernie Jianbing Yan national key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan 430070China Agro-biological Gene Research Center Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China College of Agronomy Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityXi'an 710000China State key Laboratory of North china Crop Improvement and Regulation Hebei Sub-center of National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaCollege of AgronomyHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China College of Life Sciences South-Central Minzu UniversityWuhan 430070China Plant Science Facility of the Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China national Maize Improvement Center of china Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100093China Shenzhen key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic GenomicsShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Potsdam-Golm 14476Germany

Tocopherol is an important lipid-soluble antioxidant beneficial for both human health and plant growth. Here, we fine mapped a major QTLqVE1 affecting γ-tocopherol content in maize kernel, positionally cloned and confirmed the underlying gene ZmPORB1(por1), as a protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. A 13.7 kb insertion reduced the tocopherol and chlorophyll content, and the photosynthetic activity by repressing ZmPORB1 expression in embryos of NIL-K22, but did not affect the levels of the tocopherol precursors HGA(homogentisic acid)and PMP(phytyl monophosphate). Furthermore, ZmPORB1 is inducible by low oxygen and light, thereby involved in the hypoxia response in developing embryos. Concurrent with natural hypoxia in embryos, the redox state has been changed with NO increasing and H_(2)O_(2) decreasing, which lowered γ-tocopherol content via scavenging reactive nitrogen species. In conclusion, we proposed that the lower lightharvesting chlorophyll content weakened embryo photosynthesis, leading to fewer oxygen supplies and consequently diverse hypoxic responses including an elevated γ-tocopherol consumption. Our findings shed light on the mechanism for fine-tuning endogenous oxygen concentration in the maize embryo through a novel feedback pathway involving the light and low oxygen regulation of ZmPORB1 expression and chlorophyll content.

关键词： maize tocopherol hypoxia photosynthesis ZmPORB1

Continuous-wave operation of 1550 nm low-threshold triple-lattice photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 446-453页

作者： Ziye Wang Xia Liu Pinyao Wang Huanyu Lu Bo Meng Wei Zhang Lijie Wang Yanjing Wang Cunzhu Tong State key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Central Research Institute Planning Dept 2012 LabsHuawei Technologies Company Ltd.Shenzhen 518129China

Benefitting from narrow beam divergence,photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers are expected to play an essential role in the ever-growing fields of optical communication and light detection and *** operating with 1.55μm wavelengths have attracted particular attention due to their minimum fiber loss and high eye-safe ***,high interband absorption significantly decreases their performance at this 1.55μm ***,stronger optical feedback is needed to reduce their threshold and thus improve the output *** this goal,photonic-crystal resonators with deep holes and high dielectric contrast are often ***,the relevant techniques for high-contrast photonic crystals inevitably complicate fabrication and reduce the final *** this paper,we demonstrate the first continuous-wave operation of 1.55μm photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers by using a‘triple-lattice photonic-crystal resonator’,which superimposes three lattice point groups to increase the strength of in-plane optical *** this geometry,the in-plane 180°coupling can be enhanced threefold compared to the normal single-lattice *** theoretical and experimental investigations demonstrate the much lower threshold current density of this structure compared to‘single-lattice’and‘double-lattice’photonic-crystal resonators,verifying our design *** findings provide a new strategy for photonic crystal laser miniaturization,which is crucial for realizing their use in future high-speed applications.

关键词： resonator crystal lattice

Co-Harvest Phase-Change Enthalpy and Isomerization Energy for High-Energy Heat Output by Controlling Crystallization of Alkyl-Grafted Azobenzene Molecules

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 415-424页

作者： Jian Gao Yiyu Feng Wenyu Fang Hui Wang Jing Ge Xiaoyu Yang Huitao Yu Mengmeng Qin Wei Feng School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Ministry of EducationZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China

Photoisomerization-induced phase change are important for co-harvesting the latent heat and isomerization energy of azobenzene *** optimizing heat output and energy delivery at alternating temperatures are challenging because of the differences in crystallizability and *** article reports two series of asymmetrically alkyl-grafted azobenzene(Azo-g),with and without a methyl group,that have an optically triggered phase *** exothermic modes were designed to utilize crystallization enthalpy(△H_(c))and photothermal(isomerization)energy(△H_(p))at different temperatures determined by the ***-g has high heat output(275-303 J g^(-1))by synchronously releasing△H_(c)and△H_(p)over a wide temperature range(-79℃to 25℃).We fabricated a new distributed energy utilization and delivery system to realize a temperature increase of 6.6℃at a temperature of-8℃.The findings offer insight into selective utilization of latent heat and isomerization energy by molecular optimization of crystallization and isomerization processes.

关键词： crystallizability distributed energy utilization system energy density exothermic modes isomerization