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Distribution, burial fluxes and carbon sink effect of sedimentary organic carbon in the eastern China seas

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3062-3082页

作者： Xuefa SHI Bin WU Shuqing QIAO Zhengquan YAO Limin HU Yazhi BAI Shan HU Jie SHENG Yanguang LIU Shengfa LIU Kunshan WANG Jianjun ZOU Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Marine Geology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Deep Sea Mineral Resources Development Shandong Province(Preparatory)Qingdao 266061China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Technology College of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

The ocean is the largest active carbon reservoir on Earth. Organic carbon(OC), as the primary species of carbon sequestration in the ocean, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle through its deposition and burial. In this study,sedimentary OC data from 5796 stations, together with relevant geochemical and sedimentological parameters in the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea, and East China Sea(BYES) were used to summarize and elucidate the distribution and burial patterns of sedimentary OC, and assess carbon sink effect of sedimentary OC burial. The results show that the OC content in the sediments of the BYES ranges from 0.00% to 2.12%, with an average content of 0.47%±0.26%. OC content is significantly correlated with finegrained sediments, with an average OC content in mud areas being 39% higher than that in non-mud areas. Modern OC buried in the BYES are mainly deposited in 7 major mud areas, with a total sedimentary OC burial flux of approximately 8.20 Mt C yr^(–1).Among them, the burial flux of biospheric OC is 6.92 Mt C yr^(–1), equivalent to the OC consumption amount of silicate weathering of the 9 major river basins in the eastern China. In its natural state, the annually sequestered OC in the sediments of the eastern China seas is equivalent to 25.37 Mt of atmospheric CO_(2), indicating a significant carbon sink effect. The distribution and burial of terrigenous OC in the BYES are mainly influenced by the large river inputs and complex marine hydrodynamic environment,while human activities such as dam construction have significantly altered the OC burial in these coastal mud areas.

关键词： Sedimentary organic carbon Burial flux Carbon sink effect Carbon cycle Eastern China seas

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Observed characteristics of the North Yellow Sea water masses in summer

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2010年第1期28卷 160-170页

作者：鲍献文李娜吴德星 College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China

In this paper, we characterize the North Yellow Sea （NYS） water masses in summer by analyzing temperature and salinity data surveyed in 2006. The Liaonan Coastal Water is characterized by low salinity westward and southward flow paths. The westward path flows parallel to land, turns to the south, then to the southeast adjacent to the mouth of the Lushun River, where it mixes with other coastal water directly to the southwest. It becomes the main source of low salinity water in the deep water area west of 123°E. The high-salinity Lubei Coastal Water is the remnant of the winter Lubei Coastal Water, which is located mostly in a small area between Yantai and Weihai, and does not originate in the Bohai Sea Coastal Water. The two NYS zones demarcated at 123°E have distinctly different temperature and salinity characteristics. There are two high-salinity centers east of 123°E, whereas there is low-salinity water to the west whose temperature and salinity structures are complex, composed of the coastal water south of Chengshantou, the Liaonan Coastal Water and the Bohai Sea Water.

关键词： Lubei Coastal Water Liaonan Coastal Water Yellow Sea Coastal Water (YSCW) Bohai SeaWater Yellow Sea Water upwelling near Chengshantou

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Seasonal distribution and relationship of water mass and suspended load in North Yellow Sea

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第4期27卷 907-918页

作者：李真鲍献文王勇智李娜乔璐璐 College of Physical Environment Oceanography Ocean University of China

The concentration of suspended load can be determined by its linear relationship to turbidity. Our results present the basic distribution of suspended load in North Yellow Sea. In summer, the suspended load concentration is high along the coast and low in the center of the sea. There are four regions of high concentration in the surface layer： Penglai and Chengshantou along the north of the Shandong Peninsula, and the coastal areas of Ltishun and Changshan Islands. There is a 2 mg/L contour at 124°E that separates the North Yellow Sea from regions of lower concentrations in the open sea to the west. And there is a 2 mg/L contour at 124°E that separates the North Yellow Sea from regions of lower concentrations in the open sea to the west. The distribution features in the 10 m and bottom layer are similar to the surface layer, however, the suspended load concentration declines in the 10 m layer while it increases in the bottom layer. And in the bottom layer there is a low suspended load concentration water mass at the region south of 38°N and east of 123°E extending to the southeast. In general, the lowest suspended load concentration in a vertical profile is at a depth of 10 to 20 m, the highest suspended load concentration is in the bottom near Chengshantou area. In winter, the distribution of suspended load is similar to summer, but the average concentrations are three times higher. There are two tongue-shaped high suspended load concentration belt, one occurring from surface to seafloor, extends to the north near Chengshantou and the other invades north to south along the east margin of Dalian Bay. They separate the low suspended load concentration water masses in the center of North Yellow Sea into east and west parts, Vertical distribution is quite uniform in the whole North Yellow Sea because of the cooling effect and strong northeast winds. The distribution of suspended load has a very close relationship to the current circulation and wind-induced waves in th

关键词： North Yellow Sea suspended load turbidity current Yellow Sea cold mass

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Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary,Southern China:Implications for sources and historical changes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第4期24卷 579-588页

作者： Feng Ye Xiaoping Huang Dawen Zhang Lei Tian Yanyi Zeng State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

The distribution of heavy metals （Pb, Zn, Cd and As） in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary was investigated. The spatial distribution of heavy metals displayed a decreasing pattern from the turbidity maxima to both upstream and downstream of the estuary, which suggested that suspended sediments played an important role in the trace metal distribution in the Pearl River Estuary. In addition, metal concentrations were higher in the west part of the estuary which received most of the pollutants from the Pearl River. In the sediment cores, fluxes of heavy metals were consistent with a predominant anthropogenic input in the period 1970-1990. From the mid-1990s to the 2000s, there was a significant decline in heavy metal pollution. The observed decline has shown the result of pollution control in the Pearl River Delta. However, it is noteworthy that the metal concentrations in the most recent sediment still remained considerably high. Taken together, the enrichment of heavy metals in sediments was largely controlled by anthropogenic pollution.

关键词： metal pollution sediment spatial distribution historical change the Pearl River Estuary

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On Outflow Passages in the South China Sea

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第1期27卷 60-68页

作者：董丹鹏周伟东杨阳杜岩 Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences South China Sea Marine Engineering Surveying Center State Oceanic Administration

Both box and inverse methods are used to study the relative importance of outflow passages of the South China Sea. The physical meaning of the box model is described in detail, and its optimization is based on the most efficient way to remove the warm and fresh water in terms of the heat and salt budgets. The box model results suggest that the Kalimantan Strait is the main outflow passage, because the water near the Kalimantan is the warmest and freshest. The system of the South China Sea advects the warmest and freshest water through the wide Kalimantan Strait out of the South China Sea to achieve a quick heat and salt balance because of the huge amount of heat flux and large precipitation gained from the atmosphere. These results are confirmed by an inverse method, in which detailed dynamics and thermohaline structure are considered. The velocity distribution in the transect of the Luzon Strait revealed by the inverse method is similar to that obtained by earlier studies.

关键词： box model heat budget inverse method optimization strait transport

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Sedimentary evolution since the late Last Deglaciation in the western North Yellow Sea

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2012年第1期30卷 152-162页

作者： LI Yan LI Anchun HUANG Peng Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

To decipher the sedimentary evolution and environmental changes since the late Last Deglaciation, two gravity cores were analyzed from the western North Yellow Sea (NYS). The two cores (B-L44 and B-U35) were sampled for grain size, clay minerals, detrital minerals, and 14C dating. They are comparable in lithofaies, and the observed succession was divided into four depositional units based on lithology and mineral assemblages, which recorded the postglacial transgression. Depositional unit 4 (DU 4) (before 11.5 ka) was characterized with enrichment in sand, and was interpreted as nearshore deposits in shallow water during the Younger Dryas Event. DU 3 (11.5-9.6 ka) displayed a fining-upward succession composed of sediments from local rivers, such as the Huanghe (Yellow) River, and from coastal erosion, which clearly were related to the Early Holocene transgression. Stable muddy deposition (DU 2) in NYS began to form at about 9.6 ka, which received direct supply of fine materials from the Shandong subaqueous clinoform. It is believed that the Yellow Sea circulation system played a major role in controlling the formation of fine sediment deposition in DU 1 (after 6.4 ka) after the sea level maximum.

关键词： sedimentary evolution sea level change last Late Deglaciation North Yellow Sea

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Analysis of Diversity of CO I Gene and System Generation of Nine Species of Chitons

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2013年第2期18卷 171-177页

作者： CHEN Daohai SUN Shichun Life Science and Technology School Zhanjiang Normal University College of Fisheries Ocean University of China

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 （CO I ） genes from 9 chiton species in China＇s coast area were sequenced. A phylogeny tree about these gene sequences were reconstructed together with other 4 CO I gene sequences of chitons from Genbank. The affin- ity genetic relationship and the taxonomic status of molecular evolution for these 13 chiton species were analyzed. The results show that Liolophura japonica and Onithochiton hirasei belong to Chitonidae, .4canthochiton rubrolineatus and Acanthochiton dis- similis belong to Acanthochitonidae, and Placiphorella japonica and Mopalia retifera belong to the same family Mopliidae. How- ever, Lepidozona coreanica, Ischnochiton comptus, and lschno- chiton hakodadensis are not supposed to be referred to Ischnochi- tonidae according to the genetic distance analysis （L. coreanica, 1. comptus, and 1. hakodadensis are usually classed as Ischnochi- tonidae according to their morphological character）. Furthermore, 1. hakodadensis could not been classed as lschnochiton, and it is more likely to be treated as a close relative of Lepidozona.

关键词： polyplacophoran (chitons) phylogenesis mitochon- Jdrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO I ) taxonomy J

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Analysis of the high and low temperature centers and their relation with circulations in the East China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第2期28卷 14-22页

作者： YANG Yongzeng QIAO Fangli XIA Changshui GE Renfeng First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling SOA Qingdao 266061 China

Three warm currents, the Kuroshio, its shelf intrusion branch in the northeast of Taiwan and the Taiwan Warm Current （hereafter TWC）, dominate the circulation pattern in the East China Sea （hereafter ECS）. Their origination, routes and variation in winter and summer are studied. Their relationship with four major high and low temperature centers is analyzed. Differing from the previous opinion, we suggest that the four major centers are generated to a great extent by the interaction of the currents in the ECS. In summer, a cold water belt in the northeast of Taiwan is preserved from winter between the Kuroshio and the TWC. The shelf intrusion branch of the Kuroshio separates the water belt, and two low temperature centers generate in the northeast of Taiwan. In the southern ECS, the TWC transports more heat flux northward to form a warm pool. But it is separated in the lower layer by the cold water driven by the intrusion branch of the Kuroshio. So the TWC and the intrusion branch of the Kuroshio play a dominating role to generate the high temperature center. The interaction among the eastward TWC, the northward Tsushima Warm Current （hereafter TSWC） and the southward Su Bei Coastal Flow （hereafter SBCF） generates the low temperature center in the northern ECS. In winter, the strengthening of the shelf intrusion branch of the Kuroshio obscures the two low temperature centers in the northeast of Taiwan. For the weakening of the TWC, the high temperature center in the southern ECS vanishes, and the low temperature center in the northern ECS shifts to south.

关键词： East China Sea circulation Kuroshio Taiwan Warm Current temperature

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Records of the East Asian winter monsoon from the mud area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea since the mid-Holocene

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第21期55卷 2306-2314页

作者： LIU ShengFa SHI XueFa LIU YanGuang QIAO ShuQing YANG Gang FANG XiSheng WU YongHua LI ChaoXin LI XiaoYan ZHU AiMei GAO JingJing Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

AMS14C dating and analysis of grain size,major elements and clay minerals were applied to Core MZ01 from the mud area on the inner shelf of the East China *** on the environmentally sensitive grain size,clay mineral and major element assemblages,the history of the East Asia winter monsoon since the mid-Holocene could be *** three proxies,mean grain size(>9.71μm),chemical index of alteration(CIA)and ratio of smectite to kaolinite in particular,show similar fluctuation patterns. Furthermore,10 extreme values corresponding to the contemporary cooling events could be recognized since the mid-Holocene;these extreme values are likely to have been caused by the strengthening of the East Asia winter *** cooling events correlated well with the results of theδ18O curves of the Dunde ice core and GISP2,which therefore revealed a regional response to global climate *** stages of the East Asia winter monsoon were identified,i.e.8300-6300 a BP,strong and unstable;6300-3800 a BP,strong but stable;3800-1400 a BP,weak and unstable;after 1400 a BP,weak but stable.

关键词：东亚冬季风中全新世 Sea 内陆架中期中国亚洲面积

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Carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics of foraminiferan from northern South China Sea sediments and their significance to late Quaternary hydrate decomposition

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Journal of Central South University 2012年第6期19卷 1728-1740页

作者：雷怀彦曹超欧文佳龚楚君史春潇 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science(Xiamen University) Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

Carbon and oxygen isotope and dating analyses of foraminiferan in sediment cores collected from three different areas of the northern slope of the South China Sea were conducted, in order to examine the records of the gas hydrate decomposition events since the late Quaternary under the conditions of methane seepage. The results show that： 1） the δ13C values of the benthic foraminiferan Uvigerina spp. （size range of 0.25-0.35 ram） are from -0.212% to -0.021% and the δ180 values of the planktonic foraminiferan Globigerinoides ruber （size range of 0.25-0.35 ram） are from -0.311% to -0.060%; 2） three cores （ZD2, ZD3 and ZS5） from the bottom of a hole are aged for 11 814, 26 616 and 64 090 a corresponding to the early oxygen isotope stage （MIS） Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ final period, respectively; 3） a negative-skewed layer of carbon isotope corresponds to that of MIS II （cold period）, whose degree of negative bias is -0.2%0; and 4） the δ13C compositions of foraminiferans are similar to those of the Blake Ridge and the Gulf of Mexico sediments of the late Quaternary. According to the analysis, the reasons for these results are that the studied area is a typical area of methane seep environment in the area during MIS II due to the global sea-level fall and sea pressure decrease. Gas hydrate is decomposed and released, and a large number of light carbon isotopes of methane are released into the ocean, dissolved to inorganic carbon （DIC） pool and recorded in the foraminiferan shells. A pyrite layer developed in the negative bias layers of the foraminiferans confirms that the δ13C of foraminiferans is more affected by methane and less by the reduction of marine productivity and early diagenesis. The use of foraminiferan δ13C could accurately determine late Quaternary hydrate release events and provide evidence for both reconstructing the geological history of methane release events and exploring natural gas hydrate.

关键词： northern South China Sea foraminiferan carbon and oxygen isotopes natural gas hydrate

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