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Carbon sequestration in a bamboo plantation:a case study in a Mediterranean area

Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 231-238页

作者： Tommaso Chiti Emanuele Blasi Maria Vincenza Chiriaco Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-Food and Forest Systems(DIBAF)University of TusciaVia San C.De Lellis snc01100 ViterboItaly Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change(CMCC) Division on Climate Change Impacts on AgricultureForests and Ecosystem Services(IAFES)Via Garbini5101100 ViterboItaly

In the Mediterranean region,despite bamboo being an alien species that can seriously alter plant and ani-mal biocoenosis,the area occupied by bamboo plantations continues to increase,especially for the purpose to seques-ter carbon(C).However,the C dynamics in the soil-plant system when bamboo is grown outside its native area are poorly *** we investigated the C mitigation potential of the fast-growing Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)introduced in Italy for climate-change *** analyzed aboveground(AGB)and belowground(as root/shoot ratio)biomass,litter and soil organic C(SOC)at O-15-and 15-30-cm depths in a 4-year-old bamboo plantation in comparison with the former annual cropland on which the bamboo was *** have an idea of the maximum C stored at an ecosystem level,a natural forest adjacent the two sites was also *** the plantation,C accumulation as AGB was stimulated,with 14.8±3.1 Mg C ha^(-1) stored in 3 years;because thinning was done to remove culms from the first year,the mean sequestration rate was 4.9 Mg C ha^(-1) a^(-1).The sequestration rates were high but comparable to other fast-growing tree species in Italy(e.g.,Pinus nigra).SOC was significantly higher in the bamboo plantation than in the cropland only at the 0-15 cm depth,but SOC stock did not *** 4 years were not enough time for a clear increase in SOC,or the high nutrient uptake by bamboos might have depleted the soil nutrients,thus inhibiting the soil organic matter formation by *** comparison,the natural forest had significantly higher C levels in all the *** C dynamics at an ecosystem level,the bamboo plantation on the former annual cropland led to substantial C removal from the atmosphere(about 12 Mg C ha^(-1) a^(-1)).However,despite the promising C sequestration rates by bamboo,its introduction should be carefully considered due to potential ecological problems caused by this species in overexploited environments such as the Med

关键词： Carbon sequestration Climate change mitigation Mediterranean area Moso bamboo Soil organic carbon

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How can neuromorphic hardware attain brain-like functional capabilities?

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National Science Review 2024年第05期11卷 11-13页

作者： Wolfgang Maass Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering Graz University of Technology

Research on neuromorphic computing is driven by the vision that we can emulate brain-like computing capability, learning capability, and energy-efficiency in novel hardware. Unfortunately, this vision has so far been pursued in a half-hearted manner. Most current neuromorphic hardware (NMHW) employs brain-like spiking neurons instead of standard artificial neurons.

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A novel 2D-GO@WS2 electrochemical platform for the determination of thiram fungicide

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 226-236页

作者： Khouloud Abid Daniela Iannazzo Consuelo Celesti Amani Khaskhoussi Antonino Foti Ramzi Maalej Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi Giovanni Neri Department of Engineering University of MessinaC.da Di DioI-98166 MessinaItaly INSTM Research Unity of MessinaItaly Laboratory of Dielectric and Photonic Materials Faculty of Sciences of SfaxSfaxUniversitySfax 3018Tunisia CNR IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici viale F.Stagno D’Alcontres 37I-98156 MessinaItaly

In this paper,the determination of Thiram fungicide by a novel modified screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE)fabricated modifying the working electrode(WE)with 2D-GO/WS2nanohybrid composites,is *** electron microscopy(SEM),Raman spectroscopy,and fluorescence analysis(PL)were used to reveal the morphological and microstructural characteristics of the 2D-GO/WS2 nanohybrids with different graphene oxide:tungsten disulphide(GO:WS_(2))*** characterization demonstrated that the 2D-WS2/GO nanohybrids having a GO:WS_(2)ratio=2:1 shows the highest electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of *** developed sensor permits the quantification of Thiram in the linear range 0.083-0.33μM with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.02μM,which is below the legal limits for this fungicide in drinking water or foods.

关键词： WS_(2)nanosheets Graphene Oxide(GO) Electrochemical sensor Fungicides Thiram

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Deciphering the controlling factors for phase transitions in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 151-163页

作者： Tao Du Shanwu Li Sudheer Ganisetti Mathieu Bauchy Yuanzheng Yue Morten M.Smedskjaer Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics Michigan Technological University Physics of Amo Rphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory(PARISlab) Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks（ZIFs） feature complex phase transitions, including polymorphism,melting, vitrification, and polyamorphism. Experimentally probing their structural evolution during transitions involving amorphous phases is a significant challenge, especially at the medium-range length scale. To overcome this challenge, here we first train a deep learning-based force field to identify the structural characteristics of both crystalline and non-crystalline ZIF phases. This allows us to reproduce the structural evolution trend during the melting of crystals and formation of ZIF glasses at various length scales with an accuracy comparable to that of ab initio molecular dynamics, yet at a much lower computational cost. Based on this approach, we propose a new structural descriptor, namely, the ring orientation index, to capture the propensity for crystallization of ZIF-4(Zn（Im）2, Im = C3H3N2-) glasses, as well as for the formation of ZIF-zni(Zn（Im）2) out of the high-density amorphous phase. This crystal formation process is a result of the reorientation of imidazole rings by sacrificing the order of the structure around the zinc-centered tetrahedra. The outcomes of this work are useful for studying phase transitions in other metal-organic frameworks（MOFs） and may thus guide the development of MOF glasses.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks phase transitions melting glass formation transferable deep learning force field ring orientation

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Digital neuromorphic technology: current and future prospects

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 10-11页

作者： Steve Furber Department of Computer Science The University of Manchester

Neuromorphic technology has diversified considerably from its origins in the seminal work by Carver Mead and his group at Caltech in the 1980s [1]. That early work focussed on the analogy between the equations describing the flow of ions in biological neurons and the equations describing the flow of carriers in field-effect transistors operating in the subthreshold region.

关键词： LOIHI

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Effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness:A multi-country cluster randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 90-98页

作者： Tania Pinto-Escalona Erica Gobbi Pedro L.Valenzuela Simon J.Bennett Pierluigi Aschieri Manuel Martin-Loeches Antonio Paoli Oscar Martinez-de-Quel Faculty of Education Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain Department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino“Carlo Bo”Urbino 61029Italy Department of Systems Biology University of AlcaláMadrid 28805Spain Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Faculty of ScienceLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolL33AFUK Italian Judo WrestlingKarate and Martial Arts FederationRome 00122Italy Psychobiology&Methods for the Behavioural Sciences Department Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PaduaPadua 35122Italy

Purpose:To examine the effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness in children aged 7-8 ***:Twenty schools in 5 different european countries(2 second-grade classrooms per school)participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial(Sport at School trial).Participants were assigned to either a control group,which continued with their habitual physical education lessons,or to an intervention group,which replaced these lessons with a 1-year karate intervention(Karate Mind and Movement program).A total of 721 children(344 girls and 377 boys,7.4±0.5 years old,mean±SD)completed the study,of which 333 and 388 were assigned to the control group and intervention group,*** included academic performance(average grade),psychosocial functioning(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for parents),and different markers of physical fitness(cardiorespiratory fitness,balance,and flexibility).Results:The intervention provided small but significant benefits compared to the control group for academic achievement(d=0.16;p=0.003),conduct problems(d=-0.28;p=0.003),cardiorespiratory fitness(d=0.36;p0.05).Conclusion:A 1-year school-based karate intervention was effective in improving academic achievement,conduct problems,and physical fitness in primary school *** results support the inclusion of karate during physical education lessons.

关键词： Academic performance Cardiorespiratory fitness Conduct problems Karate Physical fitness

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Microstructure and thermal properties of dissimilar M300–CuCr1Zr alloys by multi-material laser-based powder bed fusion

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 118-128页

作者： Xiaoshuang Li Dmitry Sukhomlinov Zaiqing Que Aerosint SA B-4040 HerstalBelgium Aalto University Department of Chemical and Metallurgical EngineeringEspoo 02150Finland VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Espoo 02044Finland

Multi-material laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) allows manufacturing of parts with 3-dimensional gradient and additional functionality in a single step. This research focuses on the combination of thermally-conductive CuCr1Zr with hard M300 tool *** interface configurations of M300 on CuCr1Zr and CuCr1Zr on M300 were investigated. Ultra-fine grains form at the interface due to the low mutual solubility of Cu and steel. The material mixing zone size is dependent on the configurations and tunable in the range of0.1–0.3 mm by introducing a separate set of parameters for the interface layers. Microcracks and pores mainly occur in the transition *** of these defects, the thermal diffusivity of bimetallic parts with 50vol% of CuCr1Zr significantly increases by 70%–150%compared to pure M300. The thermal diffusivity of CuCr1Zr and the hardness of M300 steel can be enhanced simultaneously by applying the aging heat treatment.

关键词： multi-material additive manufacturing laser-based powder bed fusion thermal diffusivity dissimilar metals copper alloy

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Curve Trajectory Model for Human Preferred Path Planning of Automated Vehicles

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Automotive Innovation 2024年第1期7卷 59-70页

作者： Gergo Ferenc Igneczi Erno Horvath Roland Toth Krisztian Nyilas Vehicle Research Center Szechenyi Istvan UniversityEgyetem ter 1Gyor 9026Hungary Institute for Computer Science and Control Kende str.13-17.Budapest 1111Hungary Robert Bosch Kft Gyomroi str.104-120Budapest 1103Hungary

Automated driving systems are often used for lane keeping *** these systems,a local path is planned ahead of the ***,these paths are often found unnatural by human *** response to this,this paper proposes a linear driver model,which can calculate node points reflective of human driver preferences and based on these node points a human driver preferred motion path can be designed for autonomous *** model input is the road curvature,effectively harnessed through a self-developed Euler-curve-based curve fitting algorithm.A comprehensive case study is undertaken to empirically validate the efficacy of the proposed model,demonstrating its capacity to emulate the average behavioral pat-terns observed in human curve path *** analyses further underscore the model's robustness,affirming the authenticity of the established *** paradigm shift in trajectory planning holds promising implications for the seamless integration of autonomous driving systems with human driving preferences.

关键词： Naturalistic driving Identification Driver models Path planning

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Modular-integrative modeling: a new framework for building brain models that blend biological realism and functional performance

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 13-16页

作者： Mario Senden Sacha J.van Albada Giovanni Pezzulo Egidio Falotico Ibrahim Hashim Alexander Kroner Anno C.Kurth Pablo Lanillos Vaishnavi Narayanan Cyriel Pennartz Mihai A.Petrovici Lea Steffen Tonio Weidler Rainer Goebel Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre Maastricht University Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine(INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation(IAS-6) and JARA-Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships(INM-10) Jülich Research Center Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies The Bio Robotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna RWTH Aachen University Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviorRadboud University Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Group Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam Department of Physiology University of Bern FZI Research Center of Information Technology

To cope with the immense complexity of the brain, neuroscientific research often focuses on isolated brain structures or circumscribed perceptual, cognitive or motor functions [1]. This reductionist approach overlooks the intricate and multifaceted interplay among various structural and functional *** instance, even simple movements require the coordinated activation of numerous neuronal populations across multiple brain regions [2].

关键词： WORLD SURVEY PROJECTS

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Evaluation of ruminal methane and ammonia formation and microbiota composition as affected by supplements based on mixtures of tannins and essential oils using Rusitec

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1607-1622页

作者： Giulia Foggi Melissa Terranova Matteo Daghio Sergej L.Amelchanka Giuseppe Conte Simon Ineichen Monica Agnolucci Carlo Viti Alberto Mantino Arianna Buccioni Michael Kreuzer Marcello Mele Department of Agriculture Food and Environment(DAFE)University of Pisa56124 PisaItaly AgroVet‑Strickhof ETH ZurichLindauSwitzerland Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FlorenceFlorence 50144Italy Centro Di Ricerche Agro‑Ambientali“E.Avanzi” University of PisaPisa 56122Italy School of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences HAFLBern University of Applied SciencesZollikofenSwitzerland Institute of Agricultural Sciences ETH ZurichLindauSwitzerland

Background Dietary supplements based on tannin extracts or essential oil compounds(EOC)have been repeatedly reported as a promising feeding strategy to reduce the environmental impact of ruminant husbandry.A previous batch culture screening of various supplements identified selected mixtures with an enhanced potential to mitigate ruminal methane and ammonia *** these,Q-2(named after quebracho extract and EOC blend 2,composed of carvacrol,thymol,and eugenol)and C-10(chestnut extract and EOC blend 10,consisting of oregano and thyme essential oils and limonene)have been investigated in detail in the present study with the semi-continuous rumen simulation technique(Rusitec)in three independent *** this purpose,Q-2 and C-10,dosed according to the previous study,were compared with a non-supplemented diet(negative control,NC)and with one supplemented with the commercial EOC-based Agolin^(R) Ruminant(positive control,PC).Results From d 5 to 10 of fermentation incubation liquid was collected and analysed for pH,ammonia,protozoa count,and gas *** residues were collected for the determination of ruminal *** d 10,samples of incubation liquid were also characterised for bacterial,archaeal and fungal communities by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and 26S ribosomal large subunit gene *** of the duration of the fermentation period,Q-2 and C-10 were similarly efficient as PC in mitigating either ammonia(-37%by Q-2,-34%by PC)or methane formation(-12%by C-10,-12%by PC).The PC was also responsible for lower feed degradability and bacterial and fungal richness,whereas Q-2 and C-10 effects,particularly on microbiome diversities,were limited compared to *** All additives showed the potential to mitigate methane or ammonia formation,or both,in vitro over a period of 10 ***,several differences occurred between PC and Q-2/C-10,indicating different mechanisms of *** pronounced defaunation caused by PC a

关键词： Additive Bacteria Continuous culture Degradability Fermentation Fungi Greenhouse gas In vitro Microbiome Rumen

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