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Ovule number as a rising star for regulating seed yield: Hope or hype

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第11期 3623-3640页

作者： Shahid Ullah Khan Ahmad Ali Sumbul Saeed Yonghai Fan Ali Shehazd Hameed Gul Shah Fahad Kun Lu Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (chongqing) Science city and Southwest University College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest University Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture Ministry of Education Women Medical and Dental College Khyber Medical University National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University School of Environment and Science Griffith University College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest University Department of Agronomy Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Department of Natural Sciences Lebanese American University

Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) is the second most widely grown premium oilseed crop globally, mainly for its vegetable oil and protein meal. One of the main goals of breeders is producing high-yield rapeseed cultivars with sustainable production to meet the requirements of the fast-growing population. Besides the pod number, seeds per silique(SS), and thousand-seed weight(TSW), the ovule number(ON) is a decisive yield determining factor of individual plants and the final seed yield. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to dissect the genetic and molecular basis of these complex traits, but relatively few genes or loci controlling these traits have been reported thus far. This review highlights the updated information on the hormonal and molecular basis of ON and development in model plants(Arabidopsis thaliana). It also presents what is known about the hormonal, molecular, and genetic mechanism of ovule development and number, and bridges our understanding between the model plant species(A. thaliana) and cultivated species(B. napus). This report will open new pathways for primary and applied research in plant biology and benefit rapeseed breeding programs. This synopsis will stimulate research interest to further understand ovule number determination, its role in yield improvement, and its possible utilization in breeding programs.

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Morphological and cytological assessments reveal pollen degradation causes pollen abortion in cotton cytoplasmic male sterility lines

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第3期 266-276页

作者： PEI Qingyu LIU Jinshan GUO Chunping MA Xiaomei LIU Xiaoyan YOU Chunyuan LIN Hairong LI Zhibo ZHAO Ruihai ZHU Bo WU Yuanlong PAN Zhenyuan NIE Xinhui Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology agricultural of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Agricultural College Shihezi University Seed Management Station of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Cotton Institute Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science Xinjiang Jinbo Seed Industry Co. Ltd National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement College of Plant Sciences and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Cotton Research Institute Shihezi Academy of Agriculture Science agricultural Science Research Institute of the 5th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

Background Understanding the mechanism of male sterility is crucial for producing hybrid seeds and developing sterile germplasm resources. However, only a few cytoplasmic male sterility（CMS） lines of cotton have been produced due to several challenges, like inadequate variation of agronomic traits, incomplete sterility, weak resilience of restorer lines, and difficulty in combining strong dominance. Therefore, the morphological and cytological identification of CMS in cotton will facilitate hybrid *** Two F2segregating populations of cotton were constructed from cytoplasmic male sterile lines（HaA and 01A, maternal） and restorer lines（HaR and 26R, paternal）. Genetic analysis of these populations revealed a segregation ratio of 3:1 for fertile to sterile plants. Phenotypic analysis indicated no significant differences in traits of flower bud development between sterile and fertile plants. However, sterile plants exhibited smaller floral organs, shortened filament lengths, and anther atrophy on the flowering day in comparison with the fertile plants. When performed scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, the two F2populations revealed morphological variations in the anther epidermis. Cellular analysis showed no significant differences in pollen development before pollen maturation. Interestingly, between the pollen maturation and flowering stages, the tapetum layer of sterile plants degenerated prematurely, resulting in abnormal pollen grains and gradual pollen *** The results of this study suggest that fertility-restoring genes are controlled by a single dominant gene. Sterile plants exhibit distinctive floral morphology, which is characterized by stamen atrophy and abnormal anthers. Pollen abortion occurs between pollen maturity and flowering, indicating that premature tapetum degradation may be the primary cause of pollen abortion. Overall, our study provides a theoretical basis for utilizing CMS in hybrid breeding and in-depth investigati

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EPSPS regulates cell elongation by disrupting the balance of lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis in cotton

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第10期 3437-3456页

作者： Qingdi Yan Wei Hu Chenxu Gao Lan Yang Jiaxian Yang Renju Liu Masum Billah Yongjun Lin Ji Liu Pengfei Miao Zhaoen Yang Fuguang Li Wenqiang Qin State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio?breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research Huazhong Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio?breeding and Integrated Utilization/Zhengzhou University National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

EPSPS is a key gene in the shikimic acid synthesis pathway that has been widely used in breeding crops with herbicide ***,its role in regulating cell elongation is poorly *** the overexpression of EPSPS genes,we generated lines resistant to glyphosate that exhibit an unexpected dwarf phenotype.A representative line,DHR1,exhibits a stable dwarf phenotype throughout its entire growth *** for plant height,the other agronomic traits of DHR1 are similar to its transgenic explants *** section observations showed that DHR1 internodes are shortened due to reduced elongation and division of the internode *** hormones confirmed that DHR1 is not a classical brassinolide (BR)-or gibberellin (GA)-related dwarfing *** analysis and fine mapping confirmed that the EPSPS gene is the causal gene for dwarfism,and the phenotype can be inherited in different *** and metabolome analyses showed that genes associated with the phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway are enriched in DHR1 compared with *** metabolites are enriched in DHR1,whereas lignin metabolites are *** enhancement of flavonoids likely results in differential expression of auxin signal pathway genes and alters the auxin response,subsequently affecting cell *** study provides a new strategy for generating dwarfs and will accelerate advancements in light simplification in the cultivation and mechanized harvesting of cotton.

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EPSPS regulates cell elongation by disrupting the balance of lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis in cotton

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第10期23卷 3437-3456页

作者： Qingdi Yan Wei Hu Chenxu Gao Lan Yang Jiaxian Yang Renju Liu Masum Billah Yongjun Lin Ji Liu Pengfei Miao Zhaoen Yang Fuguang Li Wenqiang Qin State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy ofAgricultural SciencesAnyang 455000China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research Huazhong AgriculturalUniversityWuhan 430070China State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450066China National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya) Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanya 572025China

EPSPS is a key gene in the shikimic acid synthesis pathway that has been widely used in breeding crops with herbicide ***,its role in regulating cell elongation is poorly *** the overexpression of EPSPS genes,we generated lines resistant to glyphosate that exhibit an unexpected dwarf phenotype.A representative line,DHR1,exhibits a stable dwarf phenotype throughout its entire growth *** for plant height,the other agronomic traits of DHR1 are similar to its transgenic explants *** section observations showed that DHR1 internodes are shortened due to reduced elongation and division of the internode *** hormones confirmed that DHR1 is not a classical brassinolide(BR)-or gibberellin(GA)-related dwarfing *** analysis and fine mapping confirmed that the EPSPS gene is the causal gene for dwarfism,and the phenotype can be inherited in different *** and metabolome analyses showed that genes associated with the phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway are enriched in DHR1 compared with *** metabolites are enriched in DHR1,whereas lignin metabolites are *** enhancement of flavonoids likely results in differential expression of auxin signal pathway genes and alters the auxin response,subsequently affecting cell *** study provides a new strategy for generating dwarfs and will accelerate advancements in light simplification in the cultivation and mechanized harvesting of cotton.

关键词： EPSPS cotton T-DNA dwarfism herbicide resistance

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Effects of Dietary Copper Level on Blood and Tissue Copper Contents in Geese

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agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第6期18卷 1109-1111,1144页

作者：张晓春解华东李星景绍红钟正泽重庆市畜牧科学院/农业部养猪科学重点实验室/重庆市养猪工程技术研究中心重庆荣昌402460

In order to study the effect of dietary copper level on blood and tissue copper contents in geese, one-week Sichuan white geese were randomly divided in- to four groups, and the geese in the first, second, third and fourth groups were fed with diet with copper levels of 39.55, 127.60, 194.75 and 255.22 mg/kg, respective- ly. At the ages of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks, the contents of copper in blood, liver, chest muscle and subcutaneous fat of the geese were determined. The effects of dietary copper level, age and sex on the blood and tissue copper contents of geese were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that the di- etary copper level showed no significant effects on the blood and liver copper con- tents of geese （P〉0.05）; the chest muscle copper content of geese in the second group was significantly higher than that in the first group （P〈0.05）; the subcuta- neous fat copper content of geese in the fourth group was significantly higher than those in the other three groups （P〈0.01）; the age had significant effects on the blood, liver, chest muscle and subcutaneous fat copper contents of geese （P〈0.01）; and the sex showed no significant effects on the blood and tissue copper contents of geese （P〉0.05）.

关键词： Dietary copper level Goose Blood Liver Chest muscle Subcutaneous fat Copper content

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Karyological analysis of the sea cicada Blepharipoda liberate Shen from the Rizhao intertidal zone, China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第1期37卷 169-175页

作者： ZHOU Liqing WANG Xuemei WU Biao SUN Xiujun ZHAO Qing ZHANG Gaowei LIU Zhihong YANG Aiguo Key Laboratory of Sustainable development of Marine Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture Yellow Sea Fisheries Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Rizhao Ocean & Fisheries Research Institute

Blepharipoda liberate Shen is a commercially valuable seafood species that has important ecological signi?cance in Shandong Province, China. Although B. liberate is crustacean, its external characteristics are not entirely those of shrimps or crabs. The question of whether B. liberate is a shrimp or a crab has been debated in recent years. We studied the karyotype of B. liberate by light microscopy using air-drying and spreading methods. We obtained mitotic chromosomal plates from B. liberate larvae, and from adult B. liberate females subsequent to egg-laying. The results revealed that B. liberate has 53 pairs of chromosomes(i.e., n =53 and 2 n =106), a characteristic shared with four species of crab. The karyogram of B. liberate consists of 25 metacentric, 14 submetacentric, 11 subtelocentric and 3 telocentric pairs. We did not ?nd any heteromorphosis sex chromosomes. Tissue from larvae, gills and ovaries can be used for chromosomal investigations, and we found similar lampbrush chromosomes in ovary cells. Comparatively speaking, larvae tissue is more practical, and ovary tissue is more suitable for the preparation of lampbrush chromosomes. B. liberate is more closely related to crabs than to shrimps, based on the numbers of chromosomes. The B. liberate karyotype reported here provides a basis for further comparative cytogenetic studies of species populations.

关键词： Blepharipoda liberate chromosome karyotype lampbrush chromosome

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Combinatorial analysis of transcription and metabolism reveals the regulatory network associated with antioxidant substances in waxy corn

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Food Quality and Safety 2022年第4期6卷 638-650页

作者： Jianhong Ke Rui Wang Bangqian Song Jinglun Du Xiaojiao Li Ningning Song Zhirong Cai Rongli Chen Honghua Yi Xiangyin Lu Chen Jiang Zhengguo Li Baowen Huang Maize Research Institute of chongqing Academy of agricultural Sciences ChongqingChina Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and development Regulation of chongqing School of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina

Maize is an essential source of nutrition for humans and animals and is rich in various metabolites that determine its *** maize varieties show significant differences in metabolite *** kinds of waxy maize parental materials,S181 and 49B,created by the chongqing Academy of agricultural Sciences,are widely grown in China.S181 shows higher starch and sugar contents than *** study generated metabolic profiles to assess the differences between the two varieties.A total of 674 metabolites that were significantly differentially expressed between the two varieties were identified by gas chromatography and untargeted metabolomics *** metabolites were associated with 21 categories,including antioxidant ***,6415 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified by ***,these DEGs comprised starch and sugar synthesis pathway genes and 72 different transcription factor *** these,six families that were reported to play an essential role in plant antioxidant action accounted for 39.2%of the transcription factor *** the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)classification,the DEGs were mainly involved in amino acid biosynthesis,glycolysis/glucose metabolism,and the synthetic and metabolic pathways of antioxidant active ***,the correlation analysis of transcriptome and metabolomics identified five key transcription factors(ZmbHLH172,ZmNAC44,ZmNAC-like18,ZmS1FA2,ZmERF172),one ubiquitin ligase gene(ZmE25A)and one sucrose synthase gene(ZmSS1).They likely contribute to the quality traits of waxy corn through involvement in the metabolic regulatory network of antioxidant ***,our results provide new insights into maize quality-related antioxidant metabolite networks and have potential applications for waxy corn breeding.

关键词： Maize quality antioxidants widely targeted metabolomics transcriptomics weighted correlation network analysis

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Comparison of Constituents and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oil from Artemisia lavandulaefolia by Steam Distillation and Supercritical-CO_2 Fluid Extraction

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2010年第6期26卷 888-892页

作者： YUAN Hai-bin SHANG Li-na WEI Chun-yan REN Bing-zhong Jilin Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization School of Life Sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China College of Agronomy Jilin Agricultural University Changehun 130118 P. R. China Jilin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Changchun 130062 P. R. China

Essential oil was extracted from Artemisia lavandulaefolia *** steam distillation（SD） and supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction（SFE）,*** constituents of the essentil oils extracted with those two methods were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） and insecticidal activities of the essential oils were evaluated,then the results were compared to assess their biological ***-one compounds were identified in the essential oil extracted by SD,and its main components were eucalyptol,α,α,4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol and so ***-two compounds were identified for the essential oil extracted by SFE,and its main components were cyclodecene,n-hexadecanoic acid and so *** chemical compositions were all contained in the essential oils extracted by the two methods,i.e.,eucalyptol,α,α,4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol,caryophyllene,[3aS-（3aα,3bβ,4β,7α,7aS）]-octahydro-7-methyl-3-methylene-4-（1-methylethyl）-1H-cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa-[1,2]benzene,nerolidol and（-）-*** fumigation toxicity of the essential oil obtained by means of SD to the adults of Sitophilus zeamais is significantly higher than that of the essential oil by means of *** contact toxicity of the essential oil obtained by means of SFE to the adults of *** is higher than that of the essential oil obtained by means of SD,but the difference is not significant.

关键词： Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC. Essential oil Supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction Steam distillation GC-MS Insecticidal activity

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Heavy Metal Remediation in Sludge Compost: Recent Progress

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第2期10卷 469-486页

作者： Rongwei Xiong Xiufang Gao Xinyue Tu Yilin Mao Li Jiang Lu Zheng Yitong Du Yangtze University Wuhan430100China Engineering Research Center of Ecology and agricultural Use of Wetland Ministry of EducationJingzhou434025China School of Environmental Science&Engineering Hubei Polytechnic UniversityHuangshi435003China

The safe and efficient disposal and utilization of sludge are major issues to be solved in solid waste treatment and environmental protection due to the complex characteristics of sludge and the low rate of innocuous *** is a process of decomposing organic matter and transformed low-molecular organic acids into high-molecular humus substances under the action of *** land-use after composting has become an important direction for sludge treatment,heavy metal pollution is still the bottleneck problem restrict-ing land use of sludge *** zeolite,hydroxyapatite,and other conditioning agents to the composting process affects the concentration or form of some heavy metals and effectively reduces the environmental *** and phosphorus modifiers change heavy metal speciation in samples,playing a role in decreasing biological availability and *** this study,the effects of sludge composting treatment and conditioning agents on the concentrations and forms of heavy metals are *** review will provide a theoretical basis to treat heavy metals in sludge composting and lay the foundation for the land utilization and waste recycling of sludge.

关键词： Sludge compost heavy metal conditioning agents remediation

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Generation of selectable marker-free soft transgenic rice with transparent kernels by downregulation of SSSⅡ-2

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The Crop Journal 2020年第1期8卷 53-61页

作者： Zhihao Xu Meimei Yu Youwei Yin Cenwen Zhu Wen Ji Changquan Zhang Qianfeng Li Honggen Zhang Shuzu Tang Hengxiu Yu Qiaoquan Liu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsCollege of AgricultureYangzhou University

The amylose content(AC) of rice endosperm starch varies from 0 to 35%,and is associated with rice cooking and eating *** rice has low AC,generally between 6% and 15%,and its eating quality is high whether it is consumed hot or ***,the appearance quality of current soft rice cultivars needs to be improved,especially opaque *** genetic engineering has improved some agronomic traits of soft rice varieties,but not endosperm *** the present study,a RNAi construct of the soluble starch synthase Ⅱ-2(SSSⅡ-2) and the hygromycin phosphotransferase(HPT) gene were introduced into an elite japonica rice variety,Kangtiaowuyunjing(KWY8) by *** selectable marker-free(SMF) transgenic lines were obtained,and SSSⅡ-2 expression was significantly downregulated in selected transgenic lines,resulting in lower AC of the *** physicochemical properties of the transgenic rice kernels,including gel consistency(GC) and rapid visco analyzer(RVA) profile,differed significantly from those of wild-type rice and were similar to those of a soft rice variety,Nanjing 46(NJ46).These findings indicate that the cooking,eating,and processing qualities of transgenic rice are comparable to those of ***,the transgenic rice endosperm retained a transparent appearance under low-moisture ***,SMF SSSⅡ-2 RNAi rice provides a resource for breeding soft rice with transparent endosperm.

关键词： Rice(Oryza sativa L.) SSSⅡ-2 RNAi Starch quality SMF transgenic lines

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