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reduced efficacy of single-dose albendazole against Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura, and high reinfection rate after cure among school children in southern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 95-96页

作者： Tigist Dires Gebreyesus Eyasu Makonnen Tafesse Tadele Kalkidan Mekete Habtamu Gashaw Heran Gerba Eleni Aklillu Department of Global Public Health Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden Ethiopian food and Drug Authority Addis Ababa Ethiopia Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Departments of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Sciences Hawassa University Hawassa Ethiopia Ethiopian Public Health Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Background Mass drug administration(MDA)program of albendazole to at-risk populations as preventive chemo-therapy is the core public health intervention to control soil-transmitted helminths(STHs).Achieving this goal relies on drug effectiveness in reducing the parasite reservoirs in the community and preventing *** assessed the effcacy of albendazole against STH parasite infection and reinfection status after *** A total of 984 schoolchildren infected with at least one type of STH parasite(hookworm,Ascaris lumbri-coides,Trichuris trichiura)in southern Ethiopia were enrolled and received albendazole and praziquantel in MDA campaign conducted from January to March *** exams at week-4 and at week-8 of post-MDA were done using Kato Katz *** primary outcome was effcacy assessed by cure rate(Cr)and fecal egg reduction rates(Errs)at four weeks of *** secondary outcome was reinfection status defined as parasite egg positivity at eight weeks among those who were cured at 4 weeks of *** comparisons in Cr and related factors were assessed with chi-square or fisher's exact *** of Cr were examined through univariate and multi-variate regression *** The overall Cr and Err for hookworm infection were 97.2%(95%CI:94.6-99.4)and 97.02%,*** overall Cr and Err for *** were 71.5%(95%CI:68.3-74.6)and 84.5% *** overall Cr and Err and for *** were 49.5%(95%CI:44.8-54.2)and 68.3%,*** Cr among moderate *** infec-tion intensity was 28.6%.Among children cured of hookworm,*** and *** at week 4 post-MDA,4.6%,18.3% and 52.4% became reinfected at week-8 post-MDA,*** lower Cr(36.6%)and higher reinfection after cure(60.6%)among *** and *** coinfected children than *** only(Cr=69.6%,reinfection rate=15.1%)or *** only infected children(Cr=55.6%,reinfection rate=47.1%)was obse

关键词： Soil transmitted helminths Neglected tropical diseases Preventive chemotherapy Albendazole School age children Ethiopia

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Carbon stocks and sequestration potential of dry forests under community management in Tigray, Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 203-213页

作者： Negasi Solomon Emiru Birhane Tewodros Tadesse Anna C.Treydte Kiros Meles Department of Land resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle UniversityP.O.Box 231MekelleEthiopia faculty of Environment sciences and Natural resources Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesP.O.Box 5003No-1432ÅsNorway Department of Natural resources Economics and Management Mekelle UniversityP.O.Box 231MekelleEthiopia Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology ArushaTanzania World Agroforestry Centre(ICrAf) ILRI CampusP.O.Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:forests form a major component of the carbon(C)reserves in the world’s ***,little is known on how management influences C stocks of woody vegetation,particularly in dry *** developed regression models for two dominant tree species to predict C stocks and quantified the potential of community managed forests as C ***:Plots were randomly selected from community-managed natural forest,herbivore exclosures,and from communal grazing *** and shrub biomass were estimated using a regression model on the most dominant woody species while herbaceous biomass was determined using destructive ***:The simplest model,based on only one single predictor variable,showed a good fit to the data for both species(Juniperus procera and Acacia abyssinica).Diameter at breast height(r2>0.95)was a more reliable predictor than height(r2>0.54),crown diameter(r2>0.68)(p C content of the total biomass for the managed natural forest and the exclosure were estimated as,58.11 and 22.29 Mg ha−1,respectively,while that for the grazing land was 7.76 Mg ha−1,and the mean carbon content between the three land uses were significantly different(p conclude that forests managed by the community have a high potential for C sequestration and storage and their conservation should be promoted.

关键词： Allometric functions regression Dryland Livestock pressure Woody and grassy vegetation Exclosures

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Studies on Barriers for Promotion of Clean Technology in SMEs of China

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2005年第1期3卷 9-17页

作者： Peng Sizhen , Liu Yan , Shi Han 1 2 & Zhong Ping 3 1. The Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda21, Beijing 100089, China 2. Yale School of forestry & Environmental Studies, New Haven CT 06511, the U.S.A. 3. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan 610065, China The Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda21 Beijing 100089 China Yale School of forestry and Environmental Studies New Haven CT 06511 United States Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China

After more than 10 years efforts on awareness raising and promotion, the concept of cleaner production (CP) has been adopting as a strategic approach to balance economic benefits and environmental protection for China’s industries. However, it is also found that clean technology is difficult to be adopted and implemented in Chinese Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) because of certain barriers. This paper investigates these barriers among three stakeholders--governments, enterprises and experts. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to prioritize the relative importance of the twenty fine-selected barriers, which were classified into four barrier categories. The findings reveal that the exterior barriers of policy and financial barriers should be stressed rather than the inner barriers of technical and managerial barriers, although they are also very important. Absence of incentives on economic policies, lax enforcement of environmental regulations and high initial capital cost were the most important barriers to adoption of Clean Technologies (CT) in China.

关键词： Cleaner Production Clean Technologies Barrier Study Small and Medium Enterprises

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Hybrids production as a potential method to control prolific breeding in tilapia and adaptation to aquaculture climate-induced drought

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Aquaculture and fisheries 2022年第6期7卷 647-652页

作者： Kulwa Mtaki Samwel Mchele Limbu Aviti John Mmochi Matern S.P.Mtolera Institute of Marine Sciences P.O.Box 668University of Dar es SalaamZanzibarTanzania Department of Aquaculture Technology School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries TechnologyUniversity of Dar es SalaamP.O.Box 60091Dar es SalaamTanzania East China Normal University Department of BiologySchool of Life SciencesLaboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health500 Dong Chuan Road200241ShanghaiChina

Establishing suitable salt tolerant all-male tilapia strains with fast growth rate is a crucial requirement for successful euryhaline farming required for controlling prolific breeding and as an adaptation to the effect of climateinduced *** study assessed the percentage of tilapia male hybrids,their growth performance and survival rate produced by crossing female Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)and male rufiji tilapia(Oreochromis urolepis urolepis)at different *** fingerlings were reared for 70 days in triplicate concrete tanks(1 m3),each stocked with 15 fish weighing 1.62±0.03 g,1.69±0.02 g and 1.41±0.06 g exposed to 2,15 and 35 ppt salinities,*** was done by adding seawater to freshwater at a rate of 2 ppt per day for 18 *** sexing was done by visual assessment of the genital papilla followed by rearing the hybrids for six months to observe *** showed that,the cross between ***(female)and *** urolepis(male)produced hybrids that were all-males without any reproduction within six months post hybrid*** hybrids reared at a salinity of 2 ppt had higher growth performance than those reared at 15 and 35 ***,hybrids cultured at 15 ppt had significantly higher growth performance than those reared at 35 *** the hybrids produced had survival rates of 100%.This study indicated that,all-male tilapia produced by crossing between ***(female)and ***(male)can be used by fish farmers as alternative species for mariculture development to control prolific breeding and as an adaptation strategy to climate change.

关键词： Monosex culture Hybridization Mariculture All-male hybrids Aquaculture climate-induced drought

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Emission Inventories of Carbon-containing Greenhouse Gases in China and Technological Measures for Their Abatement

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2004年第3期2卷 7-13页

作者： Zhuang Yahui, Zhang Hongxun, Wang Xiaoke & Li Changsheng research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing 700085, China Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824 U.S.A. research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences PO Box 2871 Beijing 100085 China Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 United States

The report summarizes surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by the research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, where the authors work/worked. The first part of the report, which appeared in the preceding issue of this journal, deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historic evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. This very paper, as the second part of the report, covers the results of carbon dynamics modeling, emission inventories of various carbon-containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.

关键词： sustainable development carbon cycle carbon dynamics modeling emission inventory

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Evolutionof Sustainable Carbon Cycling Processes in China

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2004年第2期2卷 4-10页

作者： Zhuang Yahui, Zhang Hongxun,Wang Xiaoke & fang Jinyunresearch Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences(rCEES),Chinese Academy of Sciences,PO Box 2871,Beijing 100085,ChinaDepartment of Urban Ecology,Peking University ,Beijing 100871,China research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (rCEBS) Chinese Academy of Sciences PO Box 2871 Beijing 100085 China Department of Urban Ecology Peking University Beijing 100871 China

This report summarizes the surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by rCEES. The first part of this report deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historical evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. The second part covers the modeling of carbon dynamics, emission inventories of various carbon containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.

关键词： sustainable development carbon cycle carbon pool carbon sequestration

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Characteristics and sources of 2002 super dust storm in Beijing

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2004年第7期49卷 698-705页

作者： SUNYele ZHUANGGuoshun YUANHui ZHANGXingying GUOJinghua TheCenterforAtmosphericEnvironmentalStudy BeijingNormalUniversityBeijing100875China TheInstituteofAtmosphericPhysics.ChineseAcademySciences.LAPC Beijing100029China

On 20 March, 2002, a super dust storm attacked Beijing, which was stronger than any dust storm ever recorded. The con-centration of total suspended particulates (TSP) reached 10.9 mg·m-3, 54 times as high as the national air quality standard. The concentrations of major crustal elements, such as Ca, AI, fe, Na, Mg and Ti, were 30-58 times higher than those in non-dust storm days. The concentrations of pollution elements, such as Zn, Cu, Pb, As, Cd and S, were also about several or even nearly ten times higher than those in normal days. The enrichment factors of Pb, As, Cd and S in PM2.5 were as high as 12.7, 29.6, 43.5,28.4, indicating that these pollutants came from the mixing of mineral aerosol with pollution aerosol emitted by pollution sources on the way of dust storm’s long-range transport. The overlap of invaded air mass from dust with pollution air mass from Beijing local area was another reason for the enhancement of pollutants. During dust storm, fine particles (PM2.5) accounted for 30% of TSP and pollutants in PM2.5 accounted for even as high as 45%-69% of TSP. The increase of pollutants after dust storm proved further that mineral aerosol, especially the fine particles from dust storm favored the transformation and accumulation of pollutants. It must be noted that fe (II) was detected again in this dust storm, which provided new evidence for the mechanism of coupling and feedback between iron and sulfur in the atmosphere and the ocean. The increase of both pollutants and nutrient, fe(Ⅱ), during dust storm illuminated that dust storm is an important factor affecting the global environment change.

关键词： 2002年沙尘暴北京总悬浮微粒大气污染矿物气溶胶铁地球元素变化

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Characterization of tungiasis infection and morbidity using thermography in Kenya revealed higher disease burden during COVID-19 school closures

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 120-121页

作者： Lynne Elson Abneel K.Matharu Naomi riithi Paul Ouma francis Mutebi Hermann feldmeier Jürgen Krücken Ulrike fillinger KEMrI-Wellcome Trust research Programme Kilifi Kenya Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Human Health Theme Nairobi Kenya College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda Institute of Microbiology Infectious Diseases and Immunology Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany

Background Tungiasis is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by the sand flea Tunga *** fleas penetrate the skin,particularly at the feet,and cause severe *** study aimed to characterize disease burden in two highly affected regions in Kenya,to test the use of thermography to detect tungiasis-associated inflammation and to create a new two-level classification of disease severity suitable for mapping,targeting,and monitoring *** from february 2020 to April 2021,3532 pupils age 8–14 years were quasi-randomly selected in 35 public primary schools and examined for tungiasis and associated *** the infected pupils,266 were quasi-randomly selected and their households visited,where an additional 1138 family members were *** was assessed using infra-red thermography.A Clinical score was created combining the number of locations on the feet with acute and chronic symptoms and infra-red *** The overall prevalence of tungiasis among all the school pupils who were randomly selected during survey rounds 1 and 3 was 9.3%[95%confidence interval(CI):8.4–10.3].Based on mixed effects logistic models,the odds of infection with tungiasis among school pupils was three times higher in Kwale(coastal Kenya)than in Siaya[western Kenya;adjusted odds ratio(aOr)=0.36,95%CI:0.18–0.74];three times higher in males than in females(aOr=3.0,95%CI:2.32–3.91)and three times lower among pupils sleeping in a house with a concrete floor(aOr=0.32,95%CI:0.24–0.44).The odds of finding an infected person among the household population during surveys before the COVID-19 pandemic was a third(aOr=0.32,95%CI:0.19–0.53)of that when schools were closed due to COVID-19 restrictions and approximately half(aOr=0.44,95%CI:0.29–0.68)in surveys done after school re-opening(round 3).Infection intensity was positively correlated with inflammation as measured by thermography(Spearman’s rho=0.68,P with the clinical score(rho=0

关键词： Tungiasis Neglected tropical diseases Thermography Morbidity Child COVID-19 Kenya

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MSA in Beijing aerosol

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2004年第10期49卷 1020-1025页

作者： YUANHui WANGYing ZHUANGGuoshun TheCenterforAtmosphericEnvironmentalStudy.BeijingNormalUniversity Beijing100875China LAPC TheInstituteofAtmosphericPhysics.ChineseAcademyofSciences.Beijing100029China

Methane sulphonate (MSA) and sulfate (SO4^2-),the main oxidation products of dirnethyl sulfide (DMS), arethe target of atmospheric chemistry study, as sulfate aerosolwould have important impact on the global climate change. It is widely believed that DMS is rnainly emitted from phyto-plankton production in marine boundary layer (MBL), andMSA is usually used as the tracer of non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO4^2-) in marine and coastal areas/MSA/SO4^2- = 1/18) Manyobservations of MSA were in marine and coastal aerosols. Toour surprise, MSA was frequently (＞60%) deteeted in BeijingTSP. PM10, and PM2.5 aerosols, even in the samples collectedduring the dust storm period. The concentrations of MSAwere higher than those measured in marine aerosols. factoranalysis, correlation analysis and meteorology analysis indi-cated that there was no obvious marine influence on Beljiagaerosols. DMS from terrestrial emissions and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) from industrial wastes could be the twopossible precursors of MSA. Warm and low-pressure airmasses and long time radiation were beneficial to the forma-tion of MSA. Anthropogenlc pollution from regional andlocal sources might be the dominant contributor to MSA inBeijing aerosol. This was the first report of MSA in aerosolscollected in an inland site in China. This new finding wouldlead to the further study on the balance af sulfur in inlandcities and its global bingcoehemical cycle.

关键词： MSA 磺酸甲烷 DMS 二甲基硫醚二甲基亚砜硫酸盐气溶胶北京大气化学

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Local and non-local sources of airborne particulate pollution at Beijing——The ratio of Mg/Al as an element tracer for estimating the contributions of mineral aerosols from outside Beijing

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Science China Chemistry 2005年第3期48卷 253-264页

作者： HAN Lihui1, ZHUANG Guoshun1,2,3, SUN Yele1 & WANG Zifa3 1. The Center for Atmospheric Environmental Study, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2. Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China 3. LAPC/NZC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, Beijing 100029, China The Center for Atmospheric Environmental Study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing China Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China Institute of Atmospheric Physics CAS LAPC/NZC Beijing China

A new element tracer technique has firstly been established to estimate the contri-butions of mineral aerosols from both inside and outside Beijing. The ratio of Mg/Al in aerosol is a feasible element tracer to distinguish between the sources of inside and outside Beijing. Mineral aerosol, inorganic pollution aerosol mainly as sulfate and nitrate, and organic aerosol are the major components of airborne particulates in Beijing, of which mineral aerosol accounted for 32%―67% of total suspended particles （TSP）, 10%―70% of fine particles （PM2.5）, and as high as 74% and 90% of TSP and PM2.5, respectively, in dust storm. The sources from outside Beijing contributed 62% （38%―86%） of the total mineral aerosols in TSP, 69% （52%―90%） in PM10, and 76% （59%―93%） in PM2.5 in spring, and 69% （52%―83%）, 79% （52%―93%）, and 45% （7%―79%） in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, respectively, in winter, while only20% in summer and autumn. The sources from outside Beijing contributed as high as 97% during dust storm and were the dominant source of airborne particulates in Beijing. The contributions from outside Bei-jing in spring and winter are higher than those in summer, indicating clearly that it was related to the various meteorological factors.

关键词： mineral aerosol local sources non-local sources dust storm re-suspended dust element tracer technique.

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