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Predominance of inhalation route in short-range transmission of respiratory viruses:Investigation based on computational fluid dynamics

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Building Simulation 2023年第5期16卷 765-780页

作者： Wenzhao Chen Li Liu Jian Hang Yuguo Li Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina Department of Building Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Faculty of Architecture The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina

During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,short-range virus transmission has been observed to have a higher risk of causing infection than long-range virus ***,the roles played by the inhalation and large droplet routes cannot be distinguished in practice.A recent analytical study revealed the predominance of short-range inhalation over the large droplet spray route as causes of respiratory *** the current study,short-range exposure was analyzed via computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations using a discrete phase *** facial membranes,including eyes,nostrils,and a mouth,were *** CFD simulations,there is no need for a spherical approximation of the human head for estimating deposition nor the“anisokinetic aerosol sampling”approximation for estimating inhalation in the analytical *** considered two scenarios(with two spheres[Scenario 1]and two human manikins[Scenario 2]),source-target distances of 0.2 to 2 m,and droplet diameters of 3 to 1,500μ*** overall CFD exposure results agree well with data previously obtained from a simple analytical *** CFD results confirm the predominance of the short-range inhalation route beyond 0.2 m for expiratory droplets smaller than 50μm during talking and coughing.A critical droplet size of 87.5μm was found to differentiate droplet *** number of droplets deposited on the target head exceeded those exposed to facial membranes,which implies a risk of exposure through the immediate surface route over a short range.

关键词： airborne transmission close contact short-range inhalation large droplet spray computational fluid dynamics

New challenges for optimal design of nearly/net zero energy buildings under post-occupancy performance-based design standards and a risk-benefit based solution

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Building Simulation 2022年第5期15卷 685-698页

作者： Hangxin Li Shengwei Wang Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina

One of the challenges in construction of nearly and net ZEBs is how to truly achieve the nearly and net energy goals after building *** building design standards and practices are mostly based on design performance evaluation,but practices show that many designed nearly/net ZEBs failed to achieve the energy goals after building *** facilitate the practical achievement of nearly and net ZEBs,recently most of the newly-released ZEB design standards have turned to post-occupancy performance evaluation,posing great challenges to nearly and net ZEB ***,the detailed challenges have not be comprehensively investigated,and effective optimal design methods which can facilitate the achievement of nearly and net ZEBs under these standards are still *** this study,new challenges of nearly and net ZEB design under the post-occupancy performance-based design standards are fully investigated,and a risk-benefit based optimal design method is proposed to facilitate the achievement of nearly and net ZEBs under these *** newly-released ZEB standard in China is taken as an example to investigate the challenges and test the proposed *** show that nearly and net ZEBs designed using conventional design method have high risk in achieving energy goals under these standards due to high risk in satisfying the requirement regarding non-renewable primary energy consumption after building *** proposed design method is effective to facilitate achieving energy goals under these standards based on the risk that decision-makers would like to take.

关键词： zero energy building optimal design post-occupancy performance ZEB standard uncertainty analysis risk-benefit assessment

Neuromorphic sensory computing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第4期65卷 114-127页

作者： Tianqing WAN Sijie MA Fuyou LIAO Lingwei FAN Yang CHAI Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University The hong kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen research Institute

The number of sensory nodes in the Internet of everything continues to increase rapidly and generate massive data. The generated information from sensory nodes is much larger than the total collective human sensory throughput. It is quite challenging to send all of the data produced at sensory terminals to the“Cloud” computation center, especially for those time-delay sensitive applications. This situation demands a dramatic increase in the computation near or inside sensory networks. Inspired by biological sensory systems with a high data compression ratio, neuromorphic sensory computing provides a way to efficiently acquire and process a large volume of data from complex environments. researchers have been investigating emerging materials, devices, circuits, and computing architectures to implement an artificial sensory system with high energy efficiency, speed, and density. Here we summarize the important features of biological systems and their hardware implementations. Electrons and photons are two representative information carriers, in which electron carrier allows high integration density for complex computing and photon carrier has high connectivity, high speed, wide bandwidth, and low power consumption. We overview the electronic and optical neuromorphic sensory computing and hybrid opto-electronic sensory computing, and present advances on multimodal sensory computing and their potential challenges.

关键词： neuromorphic sensory computing multimodal sensory computing electronic sensory computing optical sensory computing

Risk stratification in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease with conventional vascular risk factors and cerebral haemodynamics

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第1期8卷 77-85页

作者： Xuan Tian Hui Fang Linfang Lan Hing Lung Ip Jill Abrigo Haipeng Liu Lina Zheng Florence S Y Fan Sze Ho Ma Bonaventure Ip Bo Song Yuming Xu Jingwei Li Bing Zhang Yun Xu Yannie O Y Soo Vincent Mok Ka Sing Wong Thomas W Leung Xinyi Leng Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese UniversityHong KongChina Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Department of Imaging and Interventional The Chinese UniversityHong KongChina research Centre of Intelligent Healthcare Faculty of Health and Life ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK Department of Neurology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjingJiangsuChina Department of Radiology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjingJiangsuChina

Background and purpose Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(sICAS)is associated with a considerable risk of recurrent stroke despite contemporarily optimal medical *** of luminal stenosis in sICAS and its haemodynamic significance quantified with computational fluid dynamics(CFD)models were associated with the risk of stroke *** aimed to develop and compare stroke risk prediction nomograms in sICAS,based on vascular risk factors and these *** Patients with 50%-99%sICAS confirmed in CT angiography(CTA)were *** vascular risk factors were *** of luminal stenosis in sICAS was dichotomised as moderate(50%-69%)and severe(70%-99%).Translesional pressure ratio(PR)and wall shear stress ratio(WSSR)were quantified via CTA-based CFD modelling;the haemodynamic status of sICAS was classified as normal(normal PR&WSSR),intermediate(otherwise)and abnormal(abnormal PR&WSSR).All patients received guideline-recommended medical *** developed and compared performance of nomograms composed of these variables and independent predictors identified in multivariate logistic regression,in predicting the primary outcome,recurrent ischaemic stroke in the same territory(SIT)within 1 *** Among 245 sICAS patients,20(8.2%)had *** D2H2A nomogram,incorporating diabetes,dyslipidaemia,haemodynamic status of sICAS,hypertension and age≥50 years,showed good calibration(P for Hosmer-Lemeshow test=0.560)and discrimination(C-statistic 0.73,95%CI 0.60 to 0.85).It also had better performance in risk reclassification and provided larger net benefits in decision curve analysis,compared with nomograms composed of conventional vascular risk factors only,and plus the severity of luminal stenosis in *** analysis in patients with anterior-circulation sICAS showed similar *** The D2H2A nomogram,incorporating conventional vascular risk factors and the haemodynamic significance of sICAS a

关键词： intracranial otherwise stratification

Carbon sequestration in biomass and soil following reforestation:a case study of the Yangtze River Basin

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Journal of Forestry research 2022年第5期33卷 1663-1690页

作者： Jianyu Wang Claudio O.Delang Guolong Hou Lei Gao Xiankun Yang Xixi Lu Department of Geography National University of Singapore1 Arts LinkKent RidgeSingapore 117570Singapore Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityBaptist University RoadKowloon TongHong Kong 26679People’s Republic of China School of Geography South China Normal UniversityShipai CampusGuangzhou 510631People’s Republic of China Inner Mongolia Key Lab of River and Lake Ecology Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021People’s Republic of China School of Geographical Sciences Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China

The effect of reforestation on carbon sequestration has been extensively studied but there is less understanding of the changes that stand age and vegetation types have on changes in biomass carbon and soil organic carbon(SOC)after *** this study,150 reforested plots were sampled across six provinces and one municipality in the Yangtze River Basin(YRB)during 2017 and 2018 to estimate carbon storage in biomass and *** results illustrate that site-averaged SOC was greater than site-averaged biomass *** was more carbon sequestered in the biomass than in the *** carbon accumulated rapidly in the initial 20 years after *** contrast,SOC sequestration increased rapidly after 20 *** addition,evergreen species had higher carbon density in both biomass and soil than deciduous species and economic species(fruit trees).Carbon sequestration in evergreen and deciduous species is greater than in economic *** findings provide new evidence on the divergent responses of biomass and soil to carbon sequestration after reforestation with respect to stand ages and vegetation *** study provides relevant information for ecosystem management as well as for carbon sequestration and global climate change policies.

关键词： Biomass carbon Soil organic carbon Stand age Vegetation type Yangtze River Basin(YRB)

High-entropy intermetallics:from alloy design to structural and functional properties

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Rare Metals 2022年第6期41卷 1989-2001页

作者： Hang Wang Quan-Feng He Yong Yang Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Materials Science and Engineering.City University of hong kong Hong Kong 999077China Department of Advanced Design and System Engineering.City University of hong kong Hong Kong 999077China

Conventional intermetallics are strong but ***,multi-principal element intermetallics,also termed as high-entropy intermetallics(HEIs)in the recent high-entropy alloy literature,are strong but malleable,some of which even show appreciable ductility and fracture toughness at room *** this article,we provide a focused review on the recent researches on HEIs,from the fundamentals,such as the concept of HEIs,the formation rules to the structural and functional properties of *** results hitherto reported clearly show that the HEIs with distinct properties could be a promising material for future structural and functional applications.

关键词： Internetallics High-entropy alloys Phase formation Mechanical properties Functional properies

Searching for Best Network Topologies with Optimal Synchronizability:A Brief Review

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第4期9卷 573-577页

作者： Guanrong Chen IEEE the Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The Laplacian eigenvalue spectrum of a complex network contains a great deal of information about the network topology and dynamics,particularly affecting the network synchronization process and *** article briefly reviews the recent progress in the studies of network synchronizability,regarding its spectral criteria and topological optimization,and explores the role of higher-order topologies in measuring the optimal synchronizability of large-scale complex networks.

关键词： Complex network higher-order topology spectral analysis synchronizability total homogeneity

Poly(Ionic Liquid) as an Anion Exchange Membrane for a 3.3 V Copper–Lithium Battery

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第4期6卷 89-97页

作者： Kaiming Xue Yu Zhao Pui-Kit Lee Denis Y.W.Yu School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong83 Tat Chee AveKowloonHong KongChina

Metal–metal battery bears great potential for next-generation large-scale energy storage system because of its simple manufacture process and low production ***,the cross-over of metal cations from the cathode to the anode causes a loss in capacity and influences battery ***,a coating of poly(ionic liquid)(PIL)with poly(diallyldimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide)(PDADMA^(+)TFSI^(−))on a commercial polypropylene(PP)separator serves as an anion exchange membrane for a 3.3 V copper–lithium *** PIL has a positively charged polymer backbone that can block the migration of copper ions,thus improving Coulombic efficiency,long-term cycling stability and inhibiting self-discharge of the *** can also facilitate the conduction of anions through the membrane and reduce polarization,especially for fast charging/***-Vincent method gives the transport number in the electrolyte to be 0.25 and 0.04 for PP separator without and with PIL coating,*** suggests that the PIL layer reduces the contribution of the internal current due to cation *** use of PIL as a coating layer for commercial PP separator is a cost-effective way to improve overall electrochemical performance of copper–lithium *** to PP and polyacrylic acid(PAA)/PP separators,the PIL/PP membrane raises the Coulombic efficiency to 99%and decreases the average discharge voltage drop to about 0.09 V when the current density is increased from 0.1 to 1 mA cm^(−2).

关键词： anion exchange membrane copper cathode cycle stability ion transport metal-metal battery poly(ionic liquid)

Laser additive manufacturing of biodegradable Mg-based alloys for biomedical applications: A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第4期10卷 915-937页

作者： C.L.Wu W.J.Xie H.C.Man Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina

Metallic implants are widely used in internal fixation of bone fracture in surgical *** are mainly used for providing mechanical support and stability during bone reunion,which usually takes a few months to *** implants made of stainless steels,Ti-based alloys and CoCrMo alloys have been widely used for orthopedic reconstruction due to their high strength and high corrosion *** metallic implants will remain permanently inside the body after implantation,and a second surgery after bone healing is needed because the long-term presence of implant will lead to various *** implant removal surgery not only incurs expenditure,but also risk and psychological *** a consequence,studies on the development of biodegradable implants,which would degrade and disappear in vivo after bone reunion is completed,have drawn researchers’*** this connection,Mg-based alloys have shown great potentials as promising implant materials mainly due to their low density,inherent biocompatibility,biodegradability and mechanical properties close to those of ***,the high degradation rate of Mg-based implants in vivo is the biggest hurdle to *** from materials selection,a fixation implant is ideally tailor-made in size and shape for an individual case,for best surgical ***,laser additive manufacturing(LAM),with the advent of sophisticated laser systems and software,is an ideal process to solve these *** this paper,we reviewed the progress in LAM of biodegradable Mg-based alloys for biomedical *** effect of powder properties and laser processing parameter on the formability and quality was thoroughly *** microstructure,phase constituents and metallurgical defects formed in the LAMed samples were *** mechanical properties,corrosion resistance,biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of the LAMed samples were summarized and compared with samples fabricated by

关键词： Laser additive manufacturing Magnesium alloys Implant Biomedical applications Mechanical properties Biodegradability