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Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT) for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park,SW poland

Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第8期17卷 2035-2047页

作者： Mateusz ROGOWSKI Department of Tourism and Recreation Faculty of Geographical and Geological SciencesAdam Mickiewicz UniversityBogumitla Krygowskiego 1061-680 PoznanPoland

National parks are highly valuable natural areas and have the potential to attract a large number of *** number of visitors at national parks is systematically increasing,often exceeding Tourism Carrying Capacity(TCC)of *** situation requires adjusting the number of park visitors to adapt to sustainable management systems of visitor flow,thus preventing or counteracting *** aim of the study is to propose a comprehensive method for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park presented on the example of the Sto?owe Mountains National Park(SMNP)in poland,called as Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT).The study describes six stages procedure of tourists Monitoring System creation and application as an optimal measurement *** MSTT enabled a multidimensional analysis of tourist traffic in *** the help of 39 pyroelectric sensors and surveys data spatio-temporal characteristic of visitor flow was *** data generated in MSTT included hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,and annual reports,taking into account the direction of traffic measuring both directions:entries(IN),exits(OUT)and passages(IN+OUT).The results from pyroelectric sensors were supplemented with field surveys,where visitor’s motivations,preferences,and behaviours were *** 2017 a total of 871,344 visitors were recorded in SMNP what causes one of the most popular national parks in *** SMNP is a suitable destination for short breaks leisure visits in *** order to sustain MSTT methodology in the long-run the set of guidelines together with the workload estimates were *** the future,the MSTT can be further developed,including monitoring of climbing,cycling,cross-country skiing,car traffic and illegal tourism *** MSTT can be considered as a useful tool for tourism management in mid-mountain national parks throughout the entire calendar year.

关键词： Tourist traffic Visitor flow Pyroelectric sensors Eco-Counter Hiking Stolowe Mts.National Park

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The composition of Fusarium species in wheat husks and grains in south-eastern poland

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第7期16卷 1530-1536页

作者： Adam Kuzdralinski Michal Nowak Hubert Szczerba Karolina Dudziak Marta Muszynska Justyna Lesniowska-Nowak Department of Biotechnology Human Nutrition and Science of Food CommoditiesUniversity of Life Sciences in LublinLublin 20-704Poland Institute of Plant Genetics Breeding and BiotechnologyUniversity of Life Sciences in LublinLublin 20-950Poland

Fusarium populations were investigated on 53 samples of wheat grains and husks collected approximately three weeks before harvest in 53 wheat fields in south-eastern poland. A limited area of sample collection was chosen intentionally to avoid the effect of climate and weather variability. The study was conducted to assess the occurrence of 13 Fusarium species using species-specific PCR assays separately on grains and husks of winter wheat. The obtained data suggest that husks could take a protective role of wheat grain against Fusarium spp. The incidence of Fusarium species decreased in grains vs. husks from 29 to 100%. While Fusarium species were present in husks at 11.32% and less, they were absent in the grain. The presence of Fusarium species on husks is inversely proportional to the percentage reduction of Fusarium spp. in grain. There was a correlation of the presence of certain species of Fusarium in husks and in grains. The number of Fusarium species found on husks was about three times higher in comparison to wheat grain. In conclusion, the presented data indicate the importance of Fusarium populations analysis on wheat husk in seeds pathological studies.

关键词： Fusarium spp. wheat husks polymerase chain reaction

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The influence of environmental factors on the carbon dioxide flux across the water–air interface of reservoirs in south-eastern poland

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第6期29卷 290-299页

作者： Renata Gruca-Rokosz Lilianna Bartoszek Piotr Koszelnik Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture Rzeszdw University of TechnologyRzeszowPoland

Studies concerning the emission of carbon dioxide （CO2） were carried out in 2009-2012 for six reservoirs located in four provinces of south-eastern poland. The CO2 flux across the water-air interface was measured using the ＂static chamber＂ method. The measured fluxes of CO2 （FCO2） ranged from -30.64 to 183.78 mmol/m2/day, and the average values varied in the range from -3.52 to 82.11 mmol/m2/day. In most of the cases, emission of CO2 to the atmosphere was observed. The obtained values of CO2 fluxes were comparable to values typical for other temperate reservoirs. Analysis of the influence of selected envi- ronmental factors on the FCO2 showed that it depends on parameters characterizing both the sediments and surface water. The CO2 flux at the water-air interface was positively correlated with parameters of bottom sediments such as porosity, content of organic carbon and total nitrogen; and negatively with pH value and 51℃ of organic carbon. In the case of the parameters characterizing surface water, positive dependences on the concen- trations of nitrate and total nitrogen, and negative relationships with water temperature and chlorophyll a concentrations, were found.

关键词： Carbon dioxideGreenhouse gasesReservoirSediment

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Effect of weather conditions on the incidence of Lophodermium yellow needle blight in the dwarf mountain pine in the Karkonosze and Izerskie Mountains (poland)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第4期13卷 725-733页

作者： Wojciech PUSZ Ryszard WEBER Andrzej DANCEWICZ Wlodzimierz KITA Department of Plant Protection Wroclaw University and Environmental and Life Sciences pl.Grunwaldzld 24450-363 WroclawPoland Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-National Research Institute Orzechowa Str.6250-540 WroclawPoland Institute of Meteorology and Water Management-National Research Institute Parkowa SiT.3056-616 WroclawPoland

The study aimed to determine, by using a statistical model, the effect of weather conditions on the incidence of Lophodermium yellow needle blight causing by new species for science- Lophodermium corconticum, in the mountain dwarf pine growing in the subalpine Karkonosze Mountains and the Izerskie Mountains(poland). Needles showed symptoms of yellow spots, gradual discolouration and premature fall in July. The assessment of healthiness of infected mountain dwarf pine needles spanned three years(2011- 2013) and was conducted in several test sites in the Karkonosze and Izerskie Mountains. The results were analyzed by taking into account the meteorological conditions. Field observations seem to indicate that the highest infestation of mountain dwarf pine occurs in June and July, while September and October see a significantly lower disease index in the Karkonosze Mountains. The lower indices of the infestation of mountain dwarf pine are characteristic for the vegetation in the Hala Izerska high mountain pasture; whereas the environmental conditions prevailing in the Kocio? Ma?ego Stawu cirque and above the Samotnia hostel are conducive to the development of Lophodermium yellow needle blight.

关键词： Mountain dwarf pine Fungal diseases Pathogenic fungi Lophodermium corconticum Statistical model

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Autumn migration of Ospreys from two distinct populations in poland reveals partial migratory divide

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 442-451页

作者： Dariusz Anderwald Łukasz Czajka Sławomir Rubacha Michal Zygmunt Pawel Mirski Forest Experimental Station in Rogów Akademicka 2095-063 RogówPoland Eagle Conservation Committee Niepodległości 53/5510-044 OlsztynPoland Faculty of Biology University of BiałystokCiołkowskiego 1J15-245 BiałystokPoland.

Background:Long-term ringing and telemetry studies show that the Osprey(Pandion haliaetus)is a broad-front migrant following different migratory flyways,depending on the geographical location of their breeding *** have investigated two distinct and declining populations of Osprey in poland,separated by only a few hundred kilometres,and hypothesised they may exhibit two different migration *** followed mortality causes,comparing them between migration and stationary phases of annual cycle,as well as between two distinct ***:Nineteen Ospreys,both juveniles and adults,were equipped with GPS loggers in 2017-2020 in two populations in western and eastern poland and followed on their autumn *** calculated the distance they covered on the migration,number of stopover days,migration duration,daily distances covered and departure dates to compare them between age and sex classes and between the eastern and western ***:Ospreys from the western and eastern populations showed a partial migratory *** the first migrated through a western flyway,the second followed a central flyway,resulting in crossing the Mediterranean Sea in distant passes that affected the distance *** mortality reached at least 67%in juveniles and at least 57%in ***:We showed that two distinct Osprey populations in poland revealed a partial migratory divide,with one covering greater distances over sea and deserts over the central *** might affect individual survival rates and contribute to a steeper decline in one of the *** order for this to be confirmed,more individuals still have to be followed.

关键词： GPS telemetry Mortality Pandion haliaetus Stopover

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Interrelationship between soil depth and soil properties of Pieniny National Park forest(poland)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第7期16卷 1534-1545页

作者： Justyna SOKO?OWSKA Agnieszka JóZEFOWSKA Karolina WO?NICA Tomasz ZALESKI Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection Institute of Soil Science and Agrophysics University of Agriculture in Krakow

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between soil biota such as microbial activity,soil fauna(e.g.,earthworms and enchytraeids),and soil physical and chemical *** study area was located in Pieniny National Park(PNP)in the Carpathian Mountains in southern *** samples were collected from six forest monitoring areas of PNP from two soil layers(at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm down,respectively).The investigated soils were classified to eutric cambisols and had silt or silt loam soil *** analysis,soil aggregate stability index was connected with other physical,chemical,and biological soil *** was noted that the stability index of 3 mm to 5 mm soil aggregates influenced pH and dissolved organic *** stability index of 2 mm to 3 mm soil aggregates was positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon,soil moisture,microbial biomass carbon,total organic carbon,total nitrogen,and enchytraeid density,and negatively correlated with bulk density,particle density,porosity,and permanent wilting *** stability index of 1 mm to 2 mm soil aggregates was positively correlated with total nitrogen,enchytraeid and earthworm density and negatively correlated with particle density,porosity,and permanent wilting *** study has shown what factors create a stable soil structure in the forest soils of PNP.

关键词： Aggregate stability Forest soils Microorganisms Earthworms Enchytraeids Physical properties Chemical properties

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Tourist boom and rural revival-Case study of Klodzko Region(SW poland)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第4期19卷 909-924页

作者： SZMYTKIE Robert LATOCHA Agnieszka SIKORSKI Dominik TOMCZAK Przemyslaw KAJDANEK Katarzyna MIODONSKA Paulina Institute of Geography and Regional Development University of Wroclaw50-137 WroclawPoland Institute of Sociology University of Wroclaw51-149 WroclawPoland

Rural areas in the K?odzko Region were subject to a long-term depopulation,marginalization,and long-lasting socio-economic decline since the 19th *** recent years,however,the study area has been subject to a shift in socio-economic trends that show rural *** main goal of the research is to assess the actual role of tourism in socio-economic revival of rural areas in the K?odzko *** determine the dynamics of the tourism function development,statistical data were used and an inventory of tourism beds in accommodation facilities was *** results show that there was a substantial development of the tourism function in the study area and its most intense scale was noted in the depopulating villages,as evidenced by the increase in the numbers of tourism facilities and numbers of tourism ***,it can be concluded that the development of tourism contributed to the limitation of negative socioeconomic processes in the area and,in the case of some villages,even to the reversal of these trends,which might testify to the rural ***,the improvement of the socio-economic situation is visible also in the villages that do not have significant tourist values but are in the neighbourhood of tourism *** observation might be important for forecasting future development and planning of rural areas.

关键词： Rural revival Reviving village Tourism boom Economic recovery Marginal/peripheral areas

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Risk of Flash Floods in Urban and Rural Municipalities Triggered by Intense Precipitation in Wielkopolska of poland

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第3期14卷 440-457页

作者： Iwona Pińskwar Adam Choryński Dariusz Graczyk Department of Land Improvement Environmental Development and Spatial ManagementFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life Sciences60-649 PoznanPoland Meteorology Laboratory Department of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life Sciences60-649 PoznanPoland

This research analyzed interventions of State Fire Service(SFS)units in the Wielkopolska region of poland that were triggered by extreme precipitation for the period *** results demonstrated that the most populated and urbanized towns in the Wielkopolska(Greater poland,west of Warsaw)region are at the most risk in the event of extreme precipitation occurrence as measured by the total number of interventions made by the *** number of SFS unit interventions in towns,standardized to 10,000 inhabitants,indicates that the highest proportional volume of interventions also occurred in smaller *** the rural municipalities the number of SFS unit interventions increases along with higher population density and proportion of infrastructure *** analyzed in this study,the 12 years from 2010 to 2021 were characterized by a higher number of days with heavy precipitation,for example,20,30,40,and 50 mm,in comparison to the previous periods 1961-2010 and *** databases collected by emergency services are a valuable source of information for hazard *** on those and other available data,a statistical model was created and factors influencing the local and regional occurrence of interventions were *** suburbanization,the rising proportion of impermeable surfaces,and the impact of climate change are of considerable importance in urban flood *** is necessary to help municipalities develop abilities to absorb larger amounts of rainwater.

关键词： Flash flood risk poland Risk exposure Social vulnerability State Fire Service Wielkopolska

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Recognition of rock anisotropy using integrated seismic approach-A case in Strzegom and Podlesna,poland

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第7期15卷 1759-1767页

作者： Iwona Stan-Kłeczek Artur Marciniak University of Silesia Faculty of Natural SciencesSosnowiecPoland Institute of Geophysics of Polish Academy of Sciences WarsawPoland

This paper presents the integration of seismic refraction and multichannel analysis of surface wave(MASW)measurements to investigate the anisotropy of P-and S-wave ***,synthetic forward modelling is presented as a tool for supporting seismic anisotropy *** geophysical measurements of cracks allowed to recognise the fracturing of a granite rock mass in a Paleozoic granite quarry(Strzegom,poland)and a dolomite rock mass in a Triassic dolomite quarry(Podlesna,poland).Application of the forward modelling supports the interpretation of seismic methods,simplifying data processing and verifying the final results based on data from difficult seismic *** a result of direct measurements,two crack systems were determined in granite rock mass:NNE-SSW and NNW-SSE,and two in dolomite rock mass:NNE-SSW and ***,the numerical results show the relationship between the highest values of P-and S-wave velocities and separated crack systems which allowed an unequivocal interpretation of the direction of stress,resulting in the *** obtained information is promising to be helpful in mining exploration for optimising excavation works.

关键词： Fracturing Anisotropy Seismic refraction Multichannel analysis of surface wave(MASW) Forward modelling

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A record of deglaciation-related shifting of the proximal zone of a sandur--a case study from the Gwda sandur, NW poland(MIS 2)

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2021年第2期10卷 244-258页

作者： Mateusz Mleczak Malgorzata Pisarska-Jamrozy Institute of Geology Adam Mickiewicz UniversityBKrygowskiego 1261-680 PoznanPoland

The study analyses a 7.5-m-thick sedimentary succession deposited in the largest sandur(the Gwda sandur, a glacial outwash plain) in NW poland, during the late Weichselian(MIS 2). Although the study site is located in the distal zone of the sandur, its sedimentological features and palaeohydrological parameters reflect the presence of an energetic, powerful environment typical of the proximal zone. Three sedimentary units were recognized in the studied sedimentary succession:(1) lower unit - fine-grained sands with ripple cross-lamination and horizontal lamination;(2) middle unit - gravelly coarse-grained sands and sandy gravels with planar cross-stratification;and,(3) upper unit - sands and gravelly sands with trough cross-stratification. Although the age of deposition of the sandur is accepted to be convergent with that of end-moraines of the same phase, the sediments in the distal zone of the Gwda sandur correlate with an earlier glaciation phase/subphase. Our findings hint at a complex problem: large sandurs such as the Gwda sandur were probably deposited over a long time, and their successions might record the textural and structural features of the proximal subenvironment, even in their distal parts due to deglaciation-related shifting of the proximal zone of a sandur. This paper presents a new approach to analysing the depositional processes in large sandurs, shows a new light on glaciofluvial water supply dynamics of distal parts of sandurs, and may solve several fundamental problems related to the sandur deposition.

关键词： Quaternary Late Weichselian Sandur Deglaciation Sedimentology Floods

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