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Comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emission inventory for pakistan: Part Ⅱ agriculture, forestry and other land use and waste

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第1期12卷 132-144页

作者： Kaleem Anwar MIR Chunkyoo PARK Pallav PUROHIT Seungdo KIM Research Centre for Climate Change and energy Department of Environmental Sciences and BiotechnologyHallym UniversityChuncheon24252Republic of Korea Ministry of Environment Government Complex-SejongSejong-si30103Republic of Korea International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis LaxenburgA-2361Austria Global Change Impact Studies Centre Ministry of Climate ChangeGovernment of PakistanIslamabad44000Pakistan

Understanding pakistan's greenhouse gas(GHG)emission status is critical for identifying the national targets for GHG mitigation with respect to the nationally determined contributions(NDCs).This study focuses on the development of pakistan's GHG(C0_(2),CH_(4),and N20)inventories for agriculture,forestry and other land use(AFOLU)and waste sectors using 2006 IPCC *** study should be seen as a direct continuation of the preceding one(Part I[Available online at:https://***/10.1016/***.2020.05.002])which discusses energy and industrial processes and product use in compliance with the 2006 and 1996 IPCC *** also provides sector-specific comparative time series(1994-2017)analysis of GHG inventories,identification of key categories,and national GHG emissions trend for *** results indicate an average relative difference(on average for time series 1994-2017)of 19%and 6%in total GHG emissions(C0_(2)-eq)from AFOLU and waste sector respectively between 2006 and 1996 IPCC *** absolute difference over the entire time series for AFOLU and waste sector was in the range of 3-67 Mt C0_(2)-eq and 1-7 Mt CQ2-eq *** further reveal that the quantity of national GHG emissions by 2006 IPCC Guidelines is 10%lower on average for complete time series compared to 1996 IPCC *** average relative difference for total national emissions of C0_(2),CH_(4) and N20 is-1%,9%,and 48%*** category analysis based on 2006 IPCC Guidelines estimates identified three categories,each contributing>10%to the level assessment in the latest year 2017 and accounting for approximately half of the national GHG *** order to further improve the reliability of GHG inventories,pakistan needs to move from 1996 to 2006 IPCC Guidelines under a higher Tier approach particularly for identified key categories.

关键词： Greenhouse gas Emission inventory Agriculture Forestry and other land use Waste sector Time series analysis Key categories pakistan

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Comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emission inventory for pakistan:Part I energy and industrial processes and product use

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第1期11卷 40-51页

In order to further improve the accuracy and reliability and reduce uncertainties in the national GHG inventories for pakistan,this study call for using 2006 IPCC Guidelines,to help to identify the national targets for GHG mitigation with respect to the nationally determined contributions(NDCs).GHG(CO2,CH4,and N20)inventories for pakistan have been developed by conducting a detailed sectoral assessment of IPCC source sectors,energy,industrial processes and product use(IPPU),agriculture,forestry and other land use(AFOLU),and the waste ***,sector wise comparative analysis of GHG inventories(1994-2017)based on the 2006 and 1996 IPCC Guidelines have also been *** indicated an average relative difference of 4%in total GHG emissions(CO2 equivalent)from energy sector between 2006 and 1996 IPCC *** 3.6%average annual growth rate based on 2006 IPCC Guidelines,CO2 from energy sector remained the most abundant GHG emitted,followed by CH4 and *** the average absolute difference in emissions of CH4 and N20 from the energy sector is notable,the total estimated GHG emissions by 2006 IPCC Guidelines duplicate those by 1996 IPCC *** the mineral industry with 2006 IPCC Guidelines,an average annual growth rate of 6.7%is observed,contributing 64%of total IPPU sector CO2 ***,the relative difference between the two Guidelines in overall IPPU sector emissions remained *** might be a need for switching to 2006 IPCC Guidelines to consider more parameters such as additional source sectors and new default emission factors that fit into national circumstances.

关键词： Greenhouse gas Emission inventory energy sector Industrial processes and product use pakistan

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Electron Temperature Measurement Using PIN Diodes as Detectors to Record the X-ray Pulses from a Low-energy Mather-Type Plasma Focus

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Plasma Science and Technology 2004年第2期6卷 2199-2203页

作者： M.Asif Amna Ikram Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Engineering and Technology Lahore 54000 Pakistan Hefei 230031 China Department of Physics Government College University Lahore 54000 Pakistan

In the experiment to determine the plasma electron temperature, a modifiedmultichannel PIN diodes assembly is used as detectors to record the X-ray pulses from a low-energyMather-type plasma focus device energized by a 32μF, 15 kV (3.6kJ) single capacitor, with deuteriumas a filling gas. The ratio of the integrated bremsstrahlung emission transmitting through foils tothe total incident flux as a function of foil thickness at various temperatures is obtained forfoil absorbers of material. Using 3 μm, 6 μm, 9 μm,12 μm,15 μm and 18 μm thick aluminiumabsorbers, the transmitted X-ray flux is detected. By comparing the experimental and theoreticalcurves through a computer program, the plasma electron temperature is determined. Results show thatthe deuterium focus plasma electron temperature is about 800 eV.

关键词： plasma focus PIN diodes X-ray foil absorber thickness

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