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Dynamics of a two-group model for assessing the impacts of pre-exposure prophylaxis,testing and risk behaviour change on the spread and control of HIV/AIDS in an MSM population

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 103-127页

作者： Queen Tollett Salman Safdar Abba B.Gumel School of Mathematical and Statistical sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA Department of Mathematics University of KarachiUniversity Road75270Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of PretoriaPretoria0002South Africa

Although much progress has been made in reducing the public health burden of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),since its emergence in the 1980s(largely due to the large-scale use and availability of potent antiviral therapy,improved diagnostic and intervention and mitigation measures),HIV remains an important public health challenge globally,including in the United *** study is based on the use of mathematical modeling approaches to assess the population-level impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP),voluntary testing(to detect undetected HIV-infected individuals),and changes in human behavior(with respect to risk structure),on the spread and control of HIV/AIDS in an MSM(men-who-have sex-with-men)***,a novel two-group mathematical model,which stratifies the total MSM population based on risk(low or high)of acquisition of HIV infection,is *** model undergoes a PrEP-induced backward bifurcation when the control reproduction number of the model is less than one if the efficacy of PrEP to prevent a high-risk susceptible MSM individual from acquiring HIV infection is not perfect(the consequence of which is that,while necessary,having the reproduction number of the model less than one is no longer sufficient for the elimination of the disease in the MSM population).For the case where the efficacy of PrEP is perfect,this study shows that the disease-free equilibrium of the two-group model is globally-asymptotically stable when the associated control reproduction number of the model is less than *** sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the main parameters of the model that have the highest influence on the value of the control reproduction number of the model(thereby,having the highest influence on the disease burden in the MSM population).Numerical simulations of the model,using a plausible range of parameter values,show that if half of the MSM population co

关键词： HIV/AIDS MS MHigh(low)-risk groups PrEP Behavior change Antiviral treatment Control reproduction number

Segmented Summarization and Refinement:A Pipeline for Long-Document Analysis on Social Media

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Journal of Social Computing 2024年第2期5卷 132-144页

作者： Guanghua Wang Priyanshi Garg Weili Wu the Department of Computer science The University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTX 75080USA

Social media’s explosive growth has resulted in a massive influx of electronic documents influencing various facets of daily ***,the enormous and complex nature of this content makes extracting valuable insights *** document summarization emerges as a pivotal technique in this context,serving to distill extensive texts into concise and comprehensible *** paper presents a novel three-stage pipeline for effective long document *** proposed approach combines unsupervised and supervised learning techniques,efficiently handling large document sets while requiring minimal computational *** methodology introduces a unique process for forming semantic chunks through spectral dynamic segmentation,effectively reducing redundancy and repetitiveness in the summarization *** to previous methods,our approach aligns each semantic chunk with the entire summary paragraph,allowing the abstractive summarization model to process documents without truncation and enabling the summarization model to deduce missing information from other *** enhance the summary generation,we utilize a sophisticated rewrite model based on Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers(BART),rearranging and reformulating summary constructs to improve their fluidity and *** studies conducted on the long documents from the Webis-TLDR-17 dataset demonstrate that our approach significantly enhances the efficiency of abstractive summarization *** contributions of this paper thus offer significant advancements in the field of long document summarization,providing a novel and effective methodology for summarizing extensive texts in the context of social media.

关键词： long document summarization abstractive summarization text segmentation text alignment rewrite model spectral embedding

Systematic Radio Telescope Alignment Using Portable Fringe Projection Profilometry

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第1期7卷 75-85页

作者： Joel Berkson Justin Hyatt Nathan Julicher Byeongjoon Jeong Isaac Pimienta Rachel Ball Wyatt Ellis Jason Voris Diego Torres‑Barajas Daewook Kim James C.Wyant College of Optical sciences University of Arizona1630 E.University Blvd.TucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Astronomy at Steward Observatory University of Arizona933 N Cherry Ave.TucsonAZ 85721USA

In 2019,the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)released the first-ever image of a black hole event *** are now aiming for higher angular resolutions of distant targets,like black holes,to understand more about the fundamental laws of gravity that govern our *** achieve this higher resolution and increased sensitivity,larger radio telescopes are needed to operate at higher frequencies and in larger *** like the next-generation Very Large Array(ngVLA)and the Square-Kilometer Array(SKA)require building hundreds of telescopes with diameters greater than 10 ms over the next *** has a twofold *** telescope surfaces need to be more accurate to operate at higher frequencies,and the logistics involved in maintaining a radio telescope need to be simplified to support them properly in large *** of these problems can be solved with improved methods for surface metrology that are faster and more accurate with a higher *** leads to faster and more accurate panel alignment and,therefore,a more productive *** this paper,we present the use of binocular fringe projection profilometry as a solution to this problem and demonstrate it by aligning two panels on a 3-m radio telescope *** measurement takes only 10 min and directly delivers feedback on the tip,tilt,and piston of each panel to create the ideal reflector shape.

关键词： Metrology Fringe projection profilometry Off-axis alignment Radio astronomy Radio antenna

Accelerated intermetallic phase amorphization in a Mg-based high-entropy alloy powder

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1792-1798页

作者： Prince Sharma Purvam Mehulkumar Gandhi Kerri-Lee Chintersingh Mirko Schoenitz Edward L.Dreizin Sz-Chian Liou Ganesh Balasubramanian Institute for Functional Materials&Devices Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA Center of Materials for Advanced Energetics New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102USA

We describe a novel mechanism for the synthesis of a stable high-entropy alloy powder from an otherwise immiscible Mg-Ti rich metallic mixture by employing high-energy mechanical *** presented methodology expedites the synthesis of amorphous alloy powder by strategically injecting entropic disorder through the inclusion of multi-principal elements in the alloy *** from first principles and materials theory corroborate the results from microscopic characterizations that reveal a transition of the amorphous phase from a precursor intermetallic *** transformation,characterized by the emergence of antisite disorder,lattice expansion,and the presence of nanograin boundaries,signifies a departure from the precursor intermetallic ***,this phase transformation is accelerated by the presence of multiple principal elements that induce severe lattice distortion and a higher configurational *** atomic size mismatch of the dissimilar elements present in the alloy produces a stable amorphous phase that resists reverting to an ordered lattice even on annealing.

关键词： High-entropy alloy High-energy milling Antisite disorder Amorphous Intermetallic

Structural performance of flexible freeform panelssubjected to wind loads

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 851-869页

作者： Yong YOO Zaryab SHAHID Renzhe CHEN Maria KOLIOU Anastasia MULIANA Negar KALANTAR Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA J.Mike Walker'66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Architecture Division California College of the ArtsSan FranciscoCA 94107USA

An increased number of hurricanes and tornadoes have been recorded worldwide in the last decade,while research efforts to reduce wind-related damage to structures become *** architecture,which focuses on generating complex curved shapes including streamlined shapes,has recently gained *** study focuses on investigating the potential of kerf panels,which have unique flexibility depending on the cut patterns and densities,to generate complex shapes for facades and their performance under wind *** investigate the kerf panel's potential capacity against wind loads,static and dynamic analyses were conducted for two kerf panel types with different cut densities and pre-deformed *** was observed that although solid panels result in smaller displacement amplitudes,stresses,and strains in some cases,the kerf panels allow for global and local cell deformations resulting in stress reduction in various locations with the potential to reduce damage due to overstress in *** the predeformed kerf panels,it was observed that both the overall stress and strain responses in kerf cut arrangements were lower than those of the flat-shaped *** study shows the promise of the use of kerf panels in achieving both design flexibility and performance demands when exposed to service *** that this newly proposed architectural configuration(design paradigm)for facades could revolutionize structural engineering by pushing complex freeform shapes to a standard practice that intertwines aesthetic arguments,building performance requirements,and material design considerations has the potential for significant practical applications.

关键词： freeform structure kerfing method wind load analysis cladding component

HVAC energy cost minimization in smart grids: A cloud-based demand side management approach with game theory optimization and deep learning

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 331-345页

作者： Rahman Heidarykiany Cristinel Ababei MESS Laboratory EECE DepartmentMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWIUSA

In this paper, we present a novel cloud-based demand side management (DSM) optimization approach for the cost reduction of energy usage in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in residential homes at the district level. The proposed approach achieves optimization through scheduling of HVAC energy usage within permissible bounds set by house users. House smart home energy management (SHEM) devices are connected to the utility/aggregator via a dedicated communication network that is used to enable DSM. Each house SHEM can predict its own HVAC energy usage for the next 24 h using minimalistic deep learning (DL) prediction models. These predictions are communicated to the aggregator, which will then do day ahead optimizations using the proposed game theory (GT) algorithm. The GT model captures the interaction between aggregator and customers and identifies a solution to the GT problem that translates into HVAC energy peak shifting and peak reduction achieved by rescheduling HVAC energy usage. The found solution is communicated by the aggregator to houses SHEM devices in the form of offers via DSM signals. If customers’ SHEM devices accept the offer, then energy cost reduction will be achieved. To validate the proposed algorithm, we conduct extensive simulations with a custom simulation tool based on GridLab-D tool, which is integrated with DL prediction models and optimization libraries. Results show that HVAC energy cost can be reduced by up to 36% while indirectly also reducing the peak-to-average (PAR) and the aggregated net load by up to 9.97%.

关键词： Day ahead demand side management(DSM) Appliance energy usage prediction Residential energy usage scheduling flexibility Market incentives Non-cooperative game theory(GT) Dynamic price(DP) Energy cost minimization Electricity cost minimization Peak-to-average ratio(PAR)minimization Machine learning(ML) Long short-term memory(LSTM) Smart Home Energy Management(SHEM) Load shifting Internet of Things(ioT)applications Smart grid Heating Ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)

Metabolomic evidence of independent biotransformation pathways for terpenes in two specialist mammalian herbivores (genus Neotoma)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 143-155页

作者： Katharina SCHRAMM Michele SKOPEC Denise DEARING Department of Biology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA Department of Zoology Weber State UniversityOgdenUtahUSA

Herbivory is common in mammals,yet our understanding of detoxification processes used by mammals to biotrans-form plant secondary compounds(PSCs)is *** herbivores are thought to have evolved detoxifica-tion mechanisms that rely more heavily on energetically cheap Phase I biotransformation reactions to process high levels of PSCs in their *** explored this hypothesis by comparing the urinary metabolite patterns of two spe-cialist herbivores(genus Neotoma).Neotoma stephensi is an obligate specialist on one-seeded juniper(Juniperus monosperma).Neotoma lepida is a generalist forager across its range,yet populations in the Great Basin specialize on Utah juniper(***).While both juniper species have high levels of terpenes,the terpene profiles and quantities differ between the *** from both woodrat species were fed diets of each juniper in a cross-over ***,collected over a 24-h period,was extracted and analyzed in an untargeted metabolomics approach using both GC-MS and HPLC-MS/*** obligate specialist *** excreted a unique pattern of Phase I metabolites when fed its native juniper,while *** excreted a unique pattern of Phase II metabolites when fed its native *** woodrat species utilized the Phase II metabolic pathway of glucuronidation more heavily when consuming the more chemically diverse ***,and *** utilized less glucuronida-tion than *** when consuming *** results are consistent with the hypothesis that obligate specialists may have evolved unique and efficient biotransformation mechanisms for dealing with PSCs in their diet.

关键词： dietary specialization herbivory juniper metabolomics Neotoma

A reinforcement learning approach to vehicle coordination for structured advanced air mobility

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2024年第2期3卷 20-37页

作者： Sabrullah Deniz Yufei Wu Yang Shi Zhenbo Wang Department of Mechanical Aerospaceand Biomedical EngineeringThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA

Advanced Air Mobility(AAM)has emerged as a pioneering concept designed to optimize the efficacy and ecological sustainability of air *** core objective is to provide highly automated air transportation services for passengers or cargo,operating at low altitudes within urban,suburban,and rural *** seeks to enhance the efficiency and environmental viability of the aviation sector by revolutionizing the way air travel is *** a complex aviation environment,traffic management and control are essential technologies for safe and effective AAM *** of the most difficult obstacles in the envisioned AAM systems is vehicle coordination at merging points and *** escalating demand for air mobility services,particularly within urban areas,poses significant complexities to the execution of such *** this study,we propose a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL)approach to efficiently manage high-density AAM operations in structured *** approach provides effective guidance to AAM vehicles,ensuring conflict avoidance,mitigating traffic congestion,reducing travel time,and maintaining safe ***,intelligent learning-based algorithms are developed to provide speed guidance for each AAM vehicle,ensuring secure merging into air corridors and safe passage through *** validate the effectiveness of our proposed model,we conduct training and evaluation using BlueSky,an open-source air traffic control simulation *** the simulation of thousands of aircraft and the integration of real-world data,our study demonstrates the promising potential of MARL in enabling safe and efficient AAM *** simulation results validate the efficacy of our approach and its ability to achieve the desired outcomes.

关键词： Advanced Air Mobility(AAM) Urban Air Mobility(UAM) Air Traffic Control(ATC) Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning(MARL)

Restimate:Recovery Estimation Tool for Resilience Planning

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Journal of Safety science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 47-63页

作者： Scott Miles Megan Ly Nick Terry Youngjun Choe Department of Human Centered Design&Engineering Campus Box 352315University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America Department of Industrial&Systems Engineering Box 352650University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America

The *** Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)published the Community Resilience Planning Guide in *** NIST Guide advocates for a participatory process for developing a performance measurement framework for the jurisdiction’s resilience against a scenario *** framework centers around tables of expected and desired recovery times for selected community assets,such as electricity,water,and natural gas *** NIST Guide does not provide a method for estimating the expected recovery ***,building high-fidelity computer models for such estimations requires substantial resources that even larger ju-risdictions cannot *** most promising approach to recovery time estimation is to systematically use data elicited from people to tap into the wisdom of the(knowledgeable)*** paper describes a novel research-through-design project to enable the computer-supported elicitation of recovery time series *** work is the first in the literature to examine people’s ability to estimate recovery curves and how design in-fluences such *** main contribution to resilience planning is three-fold:development of a new elicitation tool called Restimate,understanding its potential user base,and providing insights into how it can facilitate resilience *** is the first tool to enable evidence-based expert elicitation in any community with limited resources for resilience *** resilience planning,those who facilitate high-stakes planning activities under large uncertainties(e.g.,mission-critical system design and planning)will benefit from a similar research-through-design process.

关键词： expert elicitation disaster natural hazard infrastructure community resilience restoration user-centered design computer-supported cooperative work