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Carbon Energy 2024年第4期6卷 164-221页

作者： Huilin Hou Gang Shao Yang Wang Wai‐Yeung Wong Weiyou Yang Institute of Micro/Nano Materials and Devices Ningbo University of TechnologyNingboChina School of Materials science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Conversion of solar energy into H_(2) by photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is recognized as an ideal way to address the growing energy crisis and environmental *** a typical PEC cell,the construction of photoanodes is crucial to guarantee the high efficiency and stability of PEC reactions,which fundamentally rely on rationally designed semiconductors(as the active materials)and substrates(as the current collectors).In this review work,we start with a brief introduction of the roles of substrates in the PEC ***,we provide a systematic overview of representative strategies for the controlled fabrication of photoanodes on rationally designed substrates,including conductive glass,metal,sapphire,silicon,silicon carbide,and flexible ***,some prospects concerning the challenges and research directions in this area are proposed.

关键词： hydrogen photoanode photoelectrochemical substrates water splitting

Assessment on gas-polyethylene terephthalate solid interface partial discharge properties of C4F7N/CO_(2)gas mixture for eco-friendly gas insulating transformer

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 35-45页

作者： Song Xiao Yifan Wang Chenhua Ren Haoran Xia Yue Zhao Jingzi Qin Xiaoxing Zhang Yi Luo Yi Li State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection School of Electrical Engineering and AutomationWuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina Beijing International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma science and Energy Conversion Institute of Electrical EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Grid Anhui Electric Power Company Anhui Electric Power Research Institute HefeiAnhuiChina Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHubei University of TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina

The eco-friendly insulating gas perfluoroisobutyronitrile(C_(4)F_(7)N)is potentially used in gas-insulated transformers(GIT)to replace sulphur hexafluoride(SF_(6)).However,evaluation of the long-term insulation reliability and gas–solid interface discharge decomposition characteristics of the gas–solid film insulation structure in GIT is *** authors simulated the gas–solid film insulation structure in GIT and explored the interface partial discharge(PD)characteristics of C4F7N/CO_(2)gas mixture with polyethylene terephthalate(PET).The effect of gas pressure,mixing ratio on gas–solid interface gas decomposition,PET degradation was investigated,and the interaction mechanism was *** is found that the interface PD generated three degradation regions on a PET *** gas–solid interface reaction in the electrode contact region and the discharge development trace was significantly higher than that of halation *** content of gas decomposition products decreases with the increase of gas pressure and the PD intensity of SF6-PET is inferior to that of C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)under the same *** results provide reference for the development and application of C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)based GIT.

关键词： interface solid insulation

Long‐life lithium batteries enabled by a pseudo‐oversaturated electrolyte

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Carbon Energy 2024年第4期6卷 115-127页

作者： Youchun Yu Simeng Wang Juyan Zhang Weiwei Qian Nana Zhang Guangjie Shao Haiyan Bian Yuwen Liu Lan Zhang Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry College of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Haike Group Research Institute of Innovation&Technology DongyingChina Langfang Green Industrial Technology Center LangfangChina

The specific energy of Li metal batteries(LMBs)can be improved by using high‐voltage cathode materials;however,achieving long‐term stable cycling performance in the corresponding system is particularly challenging for the liquid ***,a novel pseudo‐oversaturated electrolyte(POSE)is prepared by introducing 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl ether(TTE)to adjust the coordination structure between diglyme(G2)and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI).Surprisingly,although TTE shows little solubility to LiTFSI,the molar ratio between LiTFSI and G2 in the POSE can be increased to 1:1,which is much higher than that of the saturation state,1:*** and experimental results prove that TTE promotes closer contact of the G2 molecular with Li^(+)in the ***,it also participates in the formation of electrolyte/electrode *** electrolyte shows outstanding compatibility with both the Li metal anode and typical high‐voltage ***||Li symmetric cells show a long life of more than 2000 h at 1 mA cm^(−2),1 mAh cm^(−2).In the meantime,Li||LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)cell with the POSE shows a high reversible capacity of 134.8 mAh g^(−1 )after 900 cycles at 4.5 V,1 C *** concept of POSE can provide new insight into the Li^(+)solvation structure and in the design of advanced electrolytes for LMBs.

关键词： high voltage lithium metal batteries pseudo‐oversaturated electrolyte solid electrolyte interphases(SEI) solvation structure

Plasma‐oxidized 2D MXenes subnanochannel membrane for high‐performance osmotic energy conversion

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Carbon Energy 2024年第8期6卷 178-191页

作者： Zhengmao Ding Tiancheng Gu Rui Zhang Shouyi Sun Kaiqiang Wang Hanli Zhang Jinjin Li Yunjun Luo State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Materials Ministry of EducationBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina Department of Engineering Mechanics Northwestern Polytechnical University(Chang'an Campus)Xi'anChina

Nanofluidic channels inspired by electric eels open a new era of efficient harvesting of clean blue osmotic energy from salinity *** by less charge and weak ion selectivity of the raw material itself,energy conversion through nanofluidic channels is still facing considerable ***,a facile and efficient strategy to enhance osmotic energy harvesting based on drastically increasing surface charge density of MXenes subnanochannels via oxygen plasma is *** plasma could break Ti–C bonds in the MXenes subnanochannels and effectively facilitate the formation of more Ti–O,C═O,O–OH,and rutile with a stronger negative charge and work function,which leads the surface potential of MXenes membrane to increase from 205 to 430 *** significant rise of surface charge endows the MXenes membrane with high cation selectivity,which could make the output power density of the MXenes membrane increase by 248.2%,reaching a high value of 5.92Wm^(−2)in the artificial sea‐river water ***,with the assistance of low‐quality heat at 50℃,the osmotic power is enhanced to an ultrahigh value of 9.68Wm^(−2),which outperforms those of the state‐of‐the‐art two‐dimensional(2D)nanochannel *** exciting breakthrough demonstrates the enormous potential of the facile plasma‐treated 2D membranes for osmotic energy harvesting.

关键词： ion transport MXenes membranes osmotic energy harvesting plasma two‐dimensional nanochannels

Acoustic carrier signal transmission technology and its potential for in-site monitoring of sliding electrical contact used in gas-insulated switchgear/gas-insulated transmission line

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High Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 287-295页

作者： Chen Chen Yutong Zhang Huijun Zhao Zongren Peng Qingyu Wang Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'anChina

A wireless signal transmission technology based on acoustic carrier is proposed,which overcomes the limitation of electromagnetic signal shielding and shows great potential for in-site monitoring of sliding electrical contact used in gas-insulated switchgear(GIS)/gasinsulated transmission line(GIL).Here,the state parameter of the sliding electrical contact is modulated onto the frequency domain of an ultrasound *** a mechanical wave,the ultrasonic wave is immune to electromagnetic shielding,so that it could carry the sensing signal to penetrate the metal shielding layer and transmit to the external terminals of GIS/*** principle and signal modulation process of the acoustic carrier based transmission system have been demonstrated in *** simulation and experiment have been conducted to analyse the system characteristics as well as optimise the system *** a proof-of-concept application,the in situ and on-line monitoring of the thermal rise of a slide electrical contact both in a current loading equivalent model and a prototype of GIS is *** results fit well with the physical process,and show a good measurement accuracy of 0.6%and tem-perature sensitivity of 400 Hz/℃.

关键词： electrical potential Acoustic

Effect of nanofillers with different energy levels on the electrical properties of epoxy‐based nanocomposites

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High Voltage 2024年第4期9卷 948-956页

作者： Ning Guo Cailing Chen Guangwei Zhang Rongsheng Sun Yulong Wang Junguo Gao Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application Ministry of EducationHarbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbinChina

The authors investigate the effects of nanofillers with varying band‐gap energies on the space charge properties,breakdown field strength,and bulk resistivity of epoxy(EP)‐based ***,the molecular orbital distribution of both the epoxy resin and nanofillers were examined through density functional *** results indicate that the space charge accumulation within silicon dioxide/EP and germanium oxide/EP is reduced,leading to a more uniformly distributed electric field intensity within the specimen when compared to *** a result,both materials exhibit improved AC breakdown field strength and volume ***,the amount of charge accumulated within tin dioxide/EP is higher,resulting in lower breakdown field strength than *** lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level differences between epoxy and nanofillers introduce electron traps and hole traps at the interface,forming interfacial traps that affect the space charge distribution within the specimen,as well as the trap energy levels within the *** the experimental results,shallow traps promote space charge accumulation and reduce the breakdown field strength,while deep traps have the opposite effect.

关键词： energy resistivity occupied

A new type of lipophilic hydrophobic self-repairing cellulose insulating paper developed with ST-110/FAS/PTFE ternary system as coating substrate

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High Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 474-483页

作者： Zhenglin Zeng Jinshan Qin Zuhao Wang Weimin Tan Chao Tang College of Engineering and Technology Southwest UniversityChongqingChina International R&D Center for New Technologies of Smart Grid and Equipment ChongqingChina

The moisture generated by the ageing of the oil-paper insulating system can easily lead to the deterioration of the performance of the insulating *** order to alleviate the impact of moisture on the performance of the insulating paper,we developed a kind of lipophilic hydrophobic self-repairing cellulose insulating paper(new insulating paper)based on the ternary system of polytetrafluoroethylene,fluorocarbon surfactant and fluorinated alkyl silane,and accelerated thermal ageing test for 45 days at 130°C was carried *** experimental results show that the new insulating paper with excellent lipophilic property can realise hydrophobic self-repairing through heat treatment after physical *** tensile strength and elongation at break of the new insulating paper increased by 5%–8%and 6.25%–27%respectively compared with the original cellulose insulating *** the end of ageing,the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor of new insulating paper are 10.4%and 9.9%lower than that of the original cel-lulose insulating paper,while the breakdown voltage is 6.8%*** acid and moisture content produced during the ageing process of the insulating oil impregnated with new insulating paper are also less,indicating that the coating can delay the ageing of the insulating paper.

关键词： coating moisture cellulose

Prediction of dissolved gas content in transformer oil based on multi-information fusion

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High Voltage 2024年第3期9卷 685-699页

作者： Tongliang Yang Yun Fang Chengming Zhang Chao Tang Dong Hu College of Engineering and Technology Southwest UniversityChongqingChina International R&D Center for New Technologies of Smart Grid and Equipment Southwest UniversityChongqingChina

In order to accurately predict the content and variation trend of dissolved gas in trans-former oil and guide the condition maintenance of power transformers,a combined prediction model based on multi-information fusion is proposed and its effectiveness is *** of all,based on the possibility of pathological and missing historical sample data,a detection and filling method based on variable weight combination samples is ***,the authors propose two *** at the non-linear and non-stationary characteristics of gas content,a univariate decomposition prediction mode HBA-VMD-TCN which based on the Honey Badger algorithm,variational mode decomposition and time convolutional network(TCN)is *** the multi-variate Informer prediction model is established for gas content affected by multiple ***,the cross-entropy theory is used to determine the weight coefficients of the two models,and the multi-information fusion combined prediction model is ***,on the basis of the above,a method to determine the time step and the position information of the transition point adaptively in the process of prediction is proposed to further improve the prediction *** results show that,through a series of simulation experiments of model comparison and transformer anomaly prediction,the accuracy and effectiveness of the combined prediction model are verified.

关键词： content prediction dissolved

Preparation and performance improvement of a dual-component microcapsule self-healing system for silicone rubber insulating material

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High Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 453-465页

作者： Mingzhe Li Bin Cao Fanghui Yin Hongwei Mei Liming Wang Engineering Laboratory of Power Equipment Reliability in Complicated Coastal Environments Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina

A key factor limiting the development of silicone rubber insulating materials is their short service life in harsh operating *** establishment of a self-healing system is desired to improve the long-term operational performance of silicone rubber and effectively extend its service *** this study,poly(urea-formaldehyde)microcapsules containing polydimethylsiloxane healing agents are prepared and a dual-component microcapsule self-healing system for silicone rubber material is established and *** addition,the key factors affecting the self-healing performance(such as microcapsule size,rupture rate,and microcapsule doping amount)are *** is found that when SYLGARDTM 184 is used as the healing agent and matrix,with a 4:6(A:B)doping ratio of dual-component microcapsules and 20 phr doping amount,the self-healing efficiency is approximately 51%.Furthermore,increasing the microcapsule rupture rate and the interface strength between the healing agent and the matrix can effectively improve the self-healing *** relationships between key factors and self-healing performance are theoretically *** on the relationships,the microcapsule self-healing system can be appropriately *** results of this paper can provide a reference for the development of long-life silicone rubber insulating materials.

关键词： service rubber performance

Comparative analysis of the characteristics of outlet short circuit and winding insulation fault of distribution transformer and its preventive measures

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High Voltage 2024年第3期9卷 700-709页

作者： Richang Xian Yuyao Hu Bingqian Zhang Qingyu Rong Rujie Zhao Wei Wang Yang Guo Yunhao Li College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZiboChina State Grid of china Technology College JinanChina Shandong Huineng Electric Co. Ltd.ZiboChina

Outlet short circuit on the low-voltage(LV)side and winding inter-turn short circuit faults are hazardous to transformer *** investigate the formation mechanism of winding insulation faults of distribution transformer,ANSYS Maxwell was used to build a coupled magnetic field-circuit model with the same structural dimension as the actual distribution *** outlet short circuit and winding inter-turn insulation faults were set by using the voltage-controlled switch in the external circuit of the ***-sequently,the differences in the electromagnetic characteristics and the electrodynamic force distributions of the windings under three operating conditions,namely,nominal load,three-phase outlet short circuit on the LV side and inter-turn insulation failure were studied,*** results show that compared with the rated load,in the cases of outlet short circuit and inter-turn insulation faults,the amplitude of winding current in-creases by 20 and 50 times,the magnetic field strength grows by 20 and 17 times,and the electrodynamic force rises by 400 and 230 times,*** short circuit fault is more likely to cause the winding instability and deformation,and inter-turn short circuit fault can easily burn out winding ***,corresponding preventive measures were proposed.

关键词： fault characteristics winding