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Flexible Strain Sensors with Ultra‑High Sensitivity and Wide range Enabled by Crack‑Modulated Electrical Pathways

Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 246-264页

作者： Yunzhao Bai Yunlei Zhou Xuanyu Wu Mengfei Yin Liting Yin Shiyuan Qu Fan Zhang Kan Li YongAn Huang State key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China Flexible Electronics research Center Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China Hangzhou Institute of Technology Xidian UniversityHangzhou 311200People’s Republic of China School of Mechano‑Electronic Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA

This study presents a breakthrough in flexible strain sensor technology with the development of an ultrahigh sensitivity and wide-range sensor,addressing the critical challenge of reconciling sensitivity with measurement *** by the structure of bamboo slips,we introduce a novel approach that utilises liquid metal to modulate the electrical pathways within a cracked platinum fabric *** resulting sensor demonstrates a gauge factor greater than 108 and a strain measurement capability exceeding 100%.The integration of patterned liquid metal enables customisable tuning of the sensor’s response,while the porous fabric structure ensures superior comfort and air permeability for the *** design not only optimises the sensor’s performance but also enhances the electrical stability that is essential for practical *** systematic investigation,we reveal the intrinsic mechanisms governing the sensor’s response,offering valuable insights for the design of wearable strain *** sensor’s exceptional performance across a spectrum of applications,from micro-strain to large-strain detection,highlights its potential for a wide range of real-world uses,demonstrating a significant advancement in the field of flexible electronics.

关键词： Flexible strain sensor Fabric Crack response regulation Epidermal device

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Optimizing Fine-Tuning in Quantized Language Models:An In-depth Analysis of key Variables

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 307-325页

作者： Ao Shen Zhiquan Lai dongsheng Li Xiaoyu Hu national key Laboratory of Parallel and distributed Computing National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073China Strategic Assessments and Consultation Institute Academy of Military ScienceBeijing100091China

Large-scale Language Models(LLMs)have achieved significant breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing(NLP),driven by the pre-training and fine-tuning *** this approach allows models to specialize in specific tasks with reduced training costs,the substantial memory requirements during fine-tuning present a barrier to broader ***-Efficient Fine-Tuning(PEFT)techniques,such as Low-rank Adaptation(LorA),and parameter quantization methods have emerged as solutions to address these challenges by optimizing memory usage and computational *** these,QLorA,which combines PEFT and quantization,has demonstrated notable success in reducing memory footprints during fine-tuning,prompting the development of various QLorA *** these advancements,the quantitative impact of key variables on the fine-tuning performance of quantized LLMs remains *** study presents a comprehensive analysis of these key variables,focusing on their influence across different layer types and depths within LLM *** investigation uncovers several critical findings:(1)Larger layers,such as MLP layers,can maintain performance despite reductions in adapter rank,while smaller layers,like self-attention layers,aremore sensitive to such changes;(2)The effectiveness of balancing factors depends more on specific values rather than layer type or depth;(3)In quantization-aware fine-tuning,larger layers can effectively utilize smaller adapters,whereas smaller layers struggle to do *** insights suggest that layer type is a more significant determinant of fine-tuning success than layer depth when optimizing quantized ***,for the same discount of trainable parameters,reducing the trainable parameters in a larger layer is more effective in preserving fine-tuning accuracy than in a smaller *** study provides valuable guidance for more efficient fine-tuning strategies and opens avenues for further research into optimizing LLM

关键词： Large-scale Language Model Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning parameter quantization key variable trainable parameters experimental analysis

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The detection, extraction and parameter estimation of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals with deep learning

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 86-96页

作者： Qianyun Yun Wen-Biao Han Yi-Yang Guo He Wang Minghui du Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe (Beijing/Hangzhou) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE Lanzhou University Institute of Theoretical Physics & research Center of Gravitation Lanzhou University International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific (ICTP-AP) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Center for Gravitational Wave Experiment National Microgravity Laboratory Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

One of the primary goals of space-borne gravitational wave detectors is to detect and analyze extreme-mass-ratio inspirals(EMrIs). This task is particularly challenging because EMrI signals are complex, lengthy, and faint. In this work, we introduce a2-layer convolutional neural network(CNN) approach to detect EMrI signals for space-borne detectors, achieving a true positive rate(TPr) of 96.9% at a 1% false positive rate(FPr) for signal-to-noise ratio(SNr) from 50 to 100. Especially, the key intrinsic parameters of EMrIs such as the mass, spin of the supermassive black hole(SMBH) and the initial eccentricity of the orbit can also be inferred directly by employing a neural network. The mass and spin of the SMBH can be determined at 99% and 92% respectively. This will greatly reduce the parameter spaces and computing cost for the following Bayesian parameter *** model also has a low dependency on the accuracy of the waveform model. This study underscores the potential of deep learning methods in EMrI data analysis, enabling the rapid detection of EMrI signals and efficient parameter estimation.

关键词： gravitational wave EMrIs deep-learing

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Effect of Ti Additions on Mechanical and Thermodynamic Properties of W-Ti Alloys: A First-principles Study

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 246-257页

作者： ZHANG Jian NIE Wei HUANG Jin ZHU Ke LIU ruxia ZHANG ruizhi LUO Guoqiang SHEN Qiang State key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Institute for Carbon Neutrality University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The mechanical and thermodynamic properties of W-Ti alloys(including W_(15)Ti_(1),W_(14)Ti_(2),W_(12)Ti_(4) and W_(8)Ti_(8) alloys)were investigated by the first-principles approach based on density functional *** results indicate that W-Ti alloys except W_(8)Ti_(8) are thermodynamically *** modulus and hardness of W-Ti alloys are smaller than those of pure tungsten and gradually decrease with increasing Ti ***,their B/G ratios and Poisson's ratios exceed those of pure tungsten,suggesting that the introduction of Ti decreases the mechanical strength while enhancing the ductility of W-Ti *** thermal expansion coefficients for W-Ti alloys all surpass those of pure tungsten,indicating that the introduction of titanium exacerbates the thermal expansion behavior of W-Ti ***,elevated pressure has the capacity to suppress the thermal expansion tendencies in titanium-doped tungsten *** study offers theoretical insights for the design of nuclear materials by exploring the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of W-Ti alloys.

关键词： first-principles mechanical properties thermodynamic properties tungsten-titanium alloys

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Effects of the extrusion parameters on microstructure,texture and room temperature mechanical properties of extruded Mg-2.49Nd-1.82Gd-0.2Zn-0.2Zr alloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 136-146页

作者： Chenjin Zhang Guangyu Yang Lei Xiao Zhiyong Kan Jing Guo Qiang Li Wanqi Jie State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Qujing Normal UniversityQujing 655011China

Microstructure,texture,and mechanical properties of the extruded Mg-2.49Nd-1.82Gd-0.2Zn-0.2Zr alloy were investigated at different extrusion temperatures(260 and 320℃),extrusion ratios(10:1,15:1,and 30:1),and extrusion speeds(3 and 6 mm/s).The experimental results exhibited that the grain sizes after extrusion were much finer than that of the homogenized alloy,and the second phase showed streamline distribution along the extrusion direction(Ed).With extrusion temperature increased from 260 to 320℃,the microstructure,texture,and mechanical properties of alloys changed *** dynamic recrystallization(drX)degree and grain sizes enhanced as the extrusion ratio increased from 10:1 to 30:1,and the strength gradually decreased but elongation(EL)*** the extrusion speed increased from 3 to 6 mm/s,the grain sizes and drX degree increased significantly,and the samples presented the typical-rare-earth(rE)*** alloy extruded at 260℃ with extrusion ratio of 10:1 and extrusion speed of 3 mm/s showed the tensile yield strength(TYS)of 213 MPa and EL of 30.6%.After quantitatively analyzing the contribution of strengthening mechanisms,it was found that the grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening played major roles among strengthening *** results provide some guidelines for enlarging the industrial application of extruded Mg-rE alloy.

关键词： Mg-rare earth alloys extrusion temperature extrusion ratio extrusion speed strengthening mechanisms

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Subretinal fibrosis secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration:mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第2期20卷 378-393页

作者： Jingxiang Zhang Xia Sheng Quanju ding Yujun Wang Jiwei Zhao Jingfa Zhang department of Ophthalmology People’s Hospital of Huangdao DistrictQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina department of Urology People’s Hospital of Huangdao DistrictQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital(Shanghai First People’s Hospital)Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina national Clinical research Center for Eye diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus DiseasesShanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and PhotomedicineShanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye DiseasesShanghaiChina

Subretinal fibrosis is the end-stage sequelae of neovascular age-related macular *** causes local damage to photoreceptors,retinal pigment epithelium,and choroidal vessels,which leads to permanent central vision loss of patients with neovascular age-related macular *** pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis is complex,and the underlying mechanisms are largely ***,there are no effective treatment options.A thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis and its related mechanisms is important to elucidate its complications and explore potential *** current article reviews several aspects of subretinal fibrosis,including the current understanding on the relationship between neovascular age-related macular degeneration and subretinal fibrosis;multimodal imaging techniques for subretinal fibrosis;animal models for studying subretinal fibrosis;cellular and non-cellular constituents of subretinal fibrosis;pathophysiological mechanisms involved in subretinal fibrosis,such as aging,infiltration of macrophages,different sources of mesenchymal transition to myofibroblast,and activation of complement system and immune cells;and several key molecules and signaling pathways participating in the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis,such as vascular endothelial growth factor,connective tissue growth factor,fibroblast growth factor 2,platelet-derived growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β,transforming growth factor-βsignaling pathway,Wnt signaling pathway,and the axis of heat shock protein 70-Toll-like receptors 2/*** review will improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis,allow the discovery of molecular targets,and explore potential treatments for the management of subretinal fibrosis.

关键词： choroidal neovascularization epithelial-mesenchymal transition mesenchymal transition myofibroblast neovascular age-related macular degeneration submacular fibrosis subretinal fibrosis therapeutic targets transforming growth factor-β vascular endothelial growth factor

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Establishment of human cerebral organoid systems to model early neural development and assess the central neurotoxicity of environmental toxins

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第1期20卷 242-252页

作者： daiyu Hu Yuanqing Cao Chenglin Cai Guangming Wang Min Zhou Luying Peng Yantao Fan Qiong Lai Zhengliang Gao Fundamental research Center Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital(Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Geriatrics(Shanghai University) Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University(The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong)Shanghai University School of MedicineNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Shanghai Engineering research Center of Organ repair Shanghai University School of MedicineShanghaiChina key Laboratory of Arrhythmias Ministry of EducationShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant *** address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and *** enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid *** involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid *** cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology *** a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental *** organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature *** exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic *** convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.

关键词： cadmium cell death cell proliferation cortical development environmental toxins neural progenitor cells neurogenesis neurotoxicology organoids stem cells

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Toward Analytical Homogenized relaxation Modulus for Fibrous Composite Material with reduced Order Homogenization Method

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 193-222页

作者： Huilin Jia Shanqiao Huang Zifeng Yuan HEdPS Center for Applied Physics and Technology(CAPT)Department of Mechanics and Engineering SciencePeking UniversityBeijing100871China State key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

In this manuscript,we propose an analytical equivalent linear viscoelastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composites,bypassing general computational *** method is based on the reduced-order homogenization(rOH)*** rOH method typically involves solving multiple finite element problems under periodic conditions to evaluate elastic strain and eigenstrain influence functions in an‘off-line’stage,which offers substantial cost savings compared to direct computational homogenization *** to the unique structure of the fibrous unit cell,“off-line”stage calculation can be eliminated by influence functions obtained *** the standard solid model to the rOH method enables the creation of a comprehensive analytical homogeneous viscoelastic constitutive *** method treats fibrous composite materials as homogeneous,anisotropic viscoelastic materials,significantly reducing computational time due to its analytical *** approach also enables precise determination of a homogenized anisotropic relaxation modulus and accurate capture of various viscoelastic responses under different loading *** sets of numerical examples,including unit cell tests,three-point beam bending tests,and torsion tests,are given to demonstrate the predictive performance of the homogenized viscoelastic ***,the model is validated against experimental measurements,confirming its accuracy and reliability.

关键词： Homogenized relaxation modulus viscoelastic standard solid model reduced order homogenization fibrous composite material

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direct Photolithography of WO_(x)Nanoparticles for High‑resolution Non‑Emissive displays

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 297-309页

作者： Chang Gu Guojian Yang Wenxuan Wang Aiyan Shi Wenjuan Fang Lei Qian Xiaofei Hu Ting Zhang Chaoyu Xiang Yu‑Mo Zhang Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology and devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201People’s Republic of China Hangzhou Bay Laboratory of Advanced Nano‑Optoelectronic Materials and devices Qianwan Institute of CNITECHNingbo 315336People’s Republic of China Smart Materials for Architecture research Lab Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang UniversityJiaxing 314100People’s Republic of China University of Science and Technology of china Hefei 230026People’s Republic of China State key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130012People’s Republic of China

High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental stability,ideal outdoor readability,and low energy ***,the limited intrinsic structure of inorganic materials has presented a significant challenge in achieving precise patterning/pixelation at the micron ***,we successfully developed the direct photolithography for WOx nanoparticles based on in situ photo-induced ligand *** strategy enabled us to achieve ultra-high resolution efficiently(line widthresolution for reported inorganic electrochromic materials).Additionally,the resulting device exhibited impressive electrochromic performance,such as fast response(ration efficiency(119.5 cm^(2) C^(−1)),good optical modulation(55.9%),and durability(>3600 cycles),as well as promising applications in electronic logos,pixelated displays,flexible electronics,*** success and advancements presented here are expected to inspire and accelerate research and development(r&d)in high-resolution non-emissive displays and other ultra-fine micro-electronics.

关键词： Electrochromic direct photolithography WOx nanoparticles In situ photo-induced ligand exchange High-resolution displays

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research status and prospects of the fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 20-38页

作者： Qinjin dai Xuefeng Liu Xin Ma Shaojie Tian Qinghe Cui Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and Processing for Modern Transportation University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing of Ministry of Education University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Xinjiang Institute of EngineeringUrumqi 830023China

As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine *** analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and *** methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and ***,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal *** the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear *** relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is *** from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be *** is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.

关键词： metal material surfaces and interfaces fractal analysis fractal dimension homogeneity

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