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Nitric oxide activation of a potassium channel (BK_(Ca)) in feline lower esophageal sphincter

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第46期16卷 5852-5860页

作者： Marie-Claude L'Heureux Ahmad Muinuddin Herbert Y Gaisano Nicholas E Diamant Department of Physiology University of Toronto Ahmad Muinuddin Nicholas E DiamantToronto Western Research InstituteUniversity Health Network Department of Medicine University of Toronto

AIM:To assess the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the large conductance potassium channel (BKCa) in isolated circular (CM) and sling (SM) muscle cells and muscle strips from the cat lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to determine its regulation of resting tone and ***:Freshly enzymatically-digested and isolated circular smooth muscle cells were prepared from each LES *** study outward K + currents,the perforated patch clamp technique was *** assess LES resting tone and relaxation,muscle strips were mounted in perfused organ ***:(1) Electrophysiological recordings from isolated cells:(a) CM was more depolarized than SM (-39.7 ± 0.8mV vs-48.1 ± 1.6 mV,P 0.05);(b) The NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) increased outward currents only in CM (25.9 ± 1.9 to 46.7 ± 4.2 pA/pF,P 0.05);(c) SNP added in the presence of the BK Ca antagonist iberiotoxin (IbTX) produced no increase in the outward current in CM (17.0 ± 2.8 vs 13.7 ± 2.2,P > 0.05);and (d) L-NNA caused a small insignificant inhibition of outward K + currents in both muscles;and (2) Muscle strip studies:(a) Blockade of the nerves with tetrodotoxin (TTX),or BK Ca with IbTX had no significant effect on resting tone of either muscle;and (b) SNP reduced tone in both muscles,and was unaffected by the presence of TTX or ***:Exogenous NO activates BK Ca only in CM of the ***,as opposed to other species,exogenous NO-induced relaxation is predominantly by a non-BK Ca mechanism,and endogenous NO has minimal effect on resting tone.

关键词： Circular smooth muscle Feline K+ channel Lower esophageal sphincter Nitric oxide Sling Tone

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Expression liver-directed genes by employing synthetic transcriptional control units

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第34期11卷 5295-5302页

作者： Marie-Luise Lemken Wolfgang A.Wybranietz Ulrike Schmidt Florian Graepler Sorin Armeanu Michael Bitzer Ulrich M.Lauer Department of Internal Medicine I University Clinic Tübingen D-72076 Tübingen Germany

AIM： To generate and characcerize the synthetic transoiptional control units for transcriptional targeting of the liver, thereby compensating for the lack of specificity of currently available gene therapeutic vector systems. METHODS： Synthetic transcriptional control unit constructs were generated and analyzed for transcriptional activities in different cell types by FACS quantification, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blotting. RESULTS： A new bifunctionally-enhanced green fluorescent protein （EGFP）/neor fusion gene cassette was generated, and could flexibly be used both for transcript quantification and for selection of stable cell clones. Then, numerous synthetic transcriptional control units consisting of a minimal promoter linked to “naturally” derived composite enhancer elements from liver-specific expressed genes or binding sites of liver-specific transcription factors were inserted upstream of this reporter cassette. Following liposome-mediated transfection, EGFP reporter protein quantification by FACS analysis identified constructs encoding multimerized composite elements of the apolipoprotein B100 （APOB） promoter or the ornithin transcarbamoylase （OTC） enhancer to exhibit maximum transcriptional activities in liver originating cell lines, but only background levels in non-liver originating cell lines. In contrast, constructs encoding only singular binding sites of liver-specific transcription factors, namely hepatocyte nuclear factor （HNF）, HNF3, HNF4, HNF5, or CAAT/enhancer binding protein （C/EBP） only achieved background levels of EGFP expression. Finally, both semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis of Hep3B cells demonstrated maximum transcriptional activities for a multimeric 4xAPOB cassette construct, which fully complied with the dataobtained by initial FACS analysis CONCLUSION： Synthetic transcriptional control unit constructs not only exhibit a superb degree of structural compactness, but also provide new means for liver

关键词： Liver gene therapy Hepatoma gene therapy Liver-directed gene expression Synthetic liver-specific promoters

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Intraspecific genetic variability,differentiation and evolutionary relationships revealed through microsatellite loci in seven economically important Calamus species

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1899-1911页

作者： Binoy Kurian A.S.Hemanthakumar Joemon Jacob Wickneswari Ratnam C.Y.Choong Prabalee Sarmah S.Shefeek Vishnu V.Nair S.V.Sajithkumar K.K.Sabu Jawaharlal nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute(JNTBGRI) PalodeThiruvananthapuramKerala 695562India Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia Assam Agricultural University JorhatAssam 785013India

Population density,species richness and critical population parameters are crucial in determining the levels of gene diversity in dioecious species of the genus *** extent of intraspecific and intrageneric genetic variability in Calamus from the southern Western Ghats of India was studied using 26 microsatellite markers by sampling 227 individuals belonging to seven economically important *** heterozygosity of microsatellite loci ranged from zero to *** gene diversity within species was 0.13;in all species it was 0.18 and amongst species was *** Shannon Information Index was the lowest for Calamus metzianus(0.11),whereas it ranged from 0.16 to 0.26 for other *** expected heterozygosity varied from 0.08 to *** hookerianus and Calamu travancoricus showed the highest genetic differentiation(44%)revealed through Fst values,whereas the lowest(22%)was observed between Calamus gamblei and Calamu *** structuring and phylogenetic analysis differentiated the seven *** to overexploitation and loss of rare alleles,small populations could lead to fertilization between closely related individuals,resulting in inbreeding and increasing the risk of *** could be important for species such as *** where allelic polymorphism was 23%,whereas for all other species it was 38%to 46%.Genetic diversity“micro-hotspots”were identified from the protected area network of the southern and central Western Ghats with highest observed *** microhotspots from the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve and the Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary may be possible for long-term conservation *** findings of this study lay a strong foundation for strengthening protected area networks,especially areas with intermediate levels of disturbance.

关键词： Genetic diversity Differentiation Population structure Conservation Microsatellites Calamus spp

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Late Oligocene fossil acorns and nuts of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis from the Nanning Basin,Guangxi,South China

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Plant Diversity 2023年第4期45卷 434-445页

作者： Xiao-Yan Liu Han-Zhang Song Xin-Kai Wu Jia-Rong Hu Wei-Ye Huang Cheng Quan Jian-Hua Jin State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources School of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China School of Geography South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of EcologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China School of Earth Science and Resources Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China

Quercus is the largest genus within the Fagaceae and has a rich fossil *** of the fossil material is attributed to the subgenus Quercus based on leaves,pollen or rarely acorns and *** records of *** Cyclobalanopsis characterized by ring-cupped acorns are relatively few and especially those described based on nuts are *** this study,we described four new species of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis based on mummified acorns and nuts:*** *** et *** ***.,*** *** et *** ***.,*** *** et *** *** *** *** et *** *** species closely resemble the extant species ***,***,***,and *** occurrence of *** Cyclobalanopsis in the Oligocene stratum of Guangxi,South China,suggests that the section has diversified within its extant distribution center since the *** combining records from other areas,we propose that the section first appeared in the middle Eocene of East Asia(Sino-Japan),has diversified in situ with a few elements scattering into West Asia and southern Europe since the Oligocene and Pliocene,respectively,and finally became restricted in East Asia since the *** indicates that the section originated and diversified in East Asia,before spreading into West Asia no later than the Oligocene and into southern Europe by the *** it disappeared from South Europe and West Asia due to the appearance of the(summer dry)Mediterranean climate and widespread cooling during the Pleistocene.

关键词： Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis Fossil acorn and nut Oligocene Guangxi South China

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Mikrotax:Developing a Genuinely Effective Platform for Palaeontological Geoinformatics

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第S1期93卷 70-72页

作者： Jeremy R.YOUNG Paul R.BOWN Bridget S.WADE Brian E.PEDDER Brian T.HUBER Department of Earth Sciences University College LondonLondon UK Department of Paleobiology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian InstitutionWashington D.C.USA Museum für Naturkunde Invalidenstrasse 4310115 BerlinGermany

Planktonic microfossils have played an enormously important role in modem earth science,notably including industrial hydrocarbon exploration and academic Deep Sea Drilling,providing essential data for age models and rich suites of palaeoceanographic *** this broad application has resulted in the development of detailed knowledge of planktonic microfossils and in stimulating study of them.

关键词： web-taxonomy micripaolaeontology nannofossills cocolitophores

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A new species of Platanus from the Cenomanian(Upper Cretaceous) in eastern Heilongjiang, China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1535-1541页

作者： Ge Sun Tatiana Kovaleva Fei Liang Tao Yang Yuhui Feng Key Laboratory of Evolution of Past Life and Environmental Changes in ne Asia Ministry of EducationChangchun 130026China College of Geosciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China College of Paleontology Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110034China

The stratigraphic division and sequence of the Upper Cretaceous sediments in eastern Heilongjiang Province,China,have been ambiguous and controversial,mainly due to a lack of biostratigraphically useful fossils and related radiometric dating.A new species of angiospermous fossil *** heilongjiangensis ***.,from Qitaihe in eastern Heilongjiang has been found in sediments conformably above which zircons from a rhyolitic tuff has been dated by U-Pb radiometric methods as 96.2±1.7 *** that the Upper Houshigou Formation is of Cenomanian *** discovery not only provides new data to improve our stratigraphic understanding of the Houshigou Formation,but also shows that Platanus flourished in the early Late Cretaceous floras of the *** new study also indicates active volcanism taking place in the eastern Heilongjiang region during the Cenomanian of the Late Cretaceous.

关键词： Platanus Cenomanian Upper Cretaceous Dating Qitaihe Heilongjiang

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Discovery of a new Proterozoic paleo-reservoir and its oil source in the Jianchang Sag,Yanliao Faulted-Depression Zone,North China

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Petroleum Science 2022年第5期19卷 1927-1938页

作者： Hong Xiao Mei-Jun Li Tie-Guan Wang Dong-Xia Chen Wu-Jiang Kang Yan-Shan Wang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Liaohe Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaPanjinLiaoning 124010China

The discovery of many Proterozoic primary oil and gas reservoirs around the world testifies that the Meso-neoproterozoic petroleum is an energy resources realm worthy of *** paper firstly reports the occurrence of hydrocarbon accumulations in the neoproterozoic Luotuoling Formation in the Jianchang Sag,the Yanliao Faulted-Depression *** observation shows that the lower sandstone member of the Luotuoling Formation contains yellow fluorescent liquid hydrocarbons,while the upper sandstone member is rich in solid *** analysis of the biomarkers and isotopic compositions reveals that the upper and lower reservoirs have different oil *** bitumen in the lower reservoir is rich in C_(19)-C_(20)tricyclic terpanes(TTs),13α(n-alkyl)-tricyclic terpanes and rearranged hopanes,but lacks gammacerane and steranes and depletes ^(13)C isotope(-33.4‰to-30.6‰).This is consistent with the properties of the Hongshuizhuang Formation source *** upper reservoir bitumen has C_(23)TT as the major peak among C_(19)-C_(23)TTs,lacks 13α(n-alkyl)-tricyclic terpanes,has a low abundance of rearranged hopanes,obvious distribution of gammacerane and steranes,and depletion of the^(13)C isotope;essentially the same as the Gaoyuzhuang Formation source *** discovery of oil seepage in the Luotuoling Formation of the Han-1 well is a promising indicator of the Precambrian oil and gas exploration potential of the Jianchang Sag.

关键词： Proterozoic paleo-reservoir Biomarkers Carbon isotope Oil-source correlation Jianchang sag

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A refined Monte Carlo code for low-energy electron emission from gold material irradiated with sub-keV electrons

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第4期34卷 79-92页

作者： Li-Heng Zhou Shui-Yan Cao Tao Sun Yun-Long Wang Jun Ma Department of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China College of Physics MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and PhysicsNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Considering the significance of low-energy electrons(LEEs;0–20 eV) in radiobiology, the sensitization potential of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) as high-flux LEE emitters when irradiated with sub-keV electrons has been suggested. In this study, a track-structure Monte Carlo simulation code using the dielectric theory was developed to simulate the transport of electrons below 50 keV in gold. In this code, modifications, particularly for elastic scattering, are implemented for a more precise description of the LEE emission in secondary electron emission. This code was validated using the secondary electron yield and backscattering coefficient. To ensure dosimetry accuracy, we further verified the code for energy deposition calculations using the Monte Carlo toolkit, Geant4. The development of this code provides a basis for future studies regarding the role of AuNPs in targeted radionuclide radiotherapy.

关键词： Monte Carlo code Secondary electron emission Low-energy electrons

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Features of near-inertial motions observed on the northern South China Sea shelf during the passage of two typhoons

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第1期34卷 38-43页

作者： CHEN Shengli HU Jianyu POLTON Jeff A. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean & Earth SciencesXiamen University National Oceanography Centre Liverpool L3 5DAUK

Features of near-inertial motions on the shelf （60 m deep） of the northern South China Sea were observed under the passage of two typhoons during the summer of 2009. There are two peaks in spectra at both sub-inertial and super-inertial frequencies. The super-inertial energy maximizes near the surface, while the sub-inertial energy maximizes at a deeper layer of 15 m. The sub-inertial shift of frequency is induced by the negative background vorticity. The super-inertial shift is probably attributed to the near-inertial wave propagating from higher latitudes. The near-inertial currents exhibit a two-layer pattern being separated at mid-depth （25-30 m）, with the phase in the upper layer being nearly opposite to that in the lower layer. The vertical propagation of phase implies that the near-inertial energy is not dominantly downward. The upward flux of the near-inertial energy is more evident at the surface layer （〈17 m）. There exist two boundaries at 17 and 40 rn, where the near-inertial energy is reflected upward and downward. The near-inertial motion is intermittent and can reach a peak of as much as 30 cm/s. The passage of Typhoon Nangka generates an intensive near-inertial event, but Typhoon Linfa does not. This difference is attributed to the relative moor- ing locations, which is on the right hand side of Nangka＇s path （leading to a wind pattern rotating clockwise with time） and is on the left hand side of Linfa＇s path （leading to a wind pattern rotating anti-clockwise with time）.

关键词： near-inertial motions typhoon South China Sea

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Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition reveals a potential mechanism to promote neuroprotection and treat neuropathic pain

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neural Regeneration Research 2016年第10期11卷 1545-1548页

作者： Prashanth Komirishetty Aparna Areti Ranadeep Gogoi Ramakrishna Sistla Ashutosh Kumar Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad BalanagarIndia Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati Assam India Pharmacology Division Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) Hyderabad India

neuropathic pain is triggered by the lesions to peripheral nerves which alter their structure and function. neuroprotective approaches that jimit the pathological changes and improve the behavioral outcome have been well explained in different experimental models of neuropathy but translation of such strategies to clinics has been disappointing. Experimental evidences revealed the role of free radicals, especially per- oxynitrite after the nerve injury. They provoke oxidative DNA damage and consequent over-activation of the poly（ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP） upregulates pro-inflammatory pathways, causing bioenergetic crisis and neuronal death. Along with these changes, it causes mitochondrial dysfunction leading to neu- ronal apoptosis. In related preclinical studies agents that neutralize the free radicals and pharmacological inhibitors of PARP have shown benefits in treating experimental neuropathy. This article reviews the in- volvement of PARP over-activation in trauma induced neuropathy and therapeutic significance of PARP inhibitors in the experimental neuropathy and neuropathic pain.

关键词： neuropathic pain poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase neuroinflammation oxidative stress bioenergeticcrisis

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