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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 173-185页

作者： He-Lin Gong Han Li Dunhui Xiao Sibo Cheng Paris Elite Institute of Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Mathematical Sciences Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Computing Data Science InstituteImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

The aging of operational reactors leads to increased mechanical vibrations in the reactor *** vibration of the incore sensors near their nominal locations is a new problem for neutronic field *** field-reconstruction methods fail to handle spatially moving *** this study,we propose a Voronoi tessellation technique in combination with convolutional neural networks to handle this *** from movable in-core sensors were projected onto the same global field structure using Voronoi tessellation,holding the magnitude and location information of the *** convolutional neural networks were used to learn maps from observations to the global *** proposed method reconstructed multi-physics fields(including fast flux,thermal flux,and power rate)using observations from a single field(such as thermal flux).Numerical tests based on the IAEA benchmark demonstrated the potential of the proposed method in practical engineering applications,particularly within an amplitude of 5 cm around the nominal locations,which led to average relative errors below 5% and 10% in the L_(2) and L_(∞)norms,respectively.

关键词： Voronoi tessellation Field reconstruction Nuclear reactors Reactor physics On-line monitoring

Layered Potassium Titanium Niobate/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as a Potassium‑Ion Battery Anode

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 1-16页

作者： Charlie A.F.Nason Ajay Piriya Vijaya Kumar Saroja Yi Lu Runzhe Wei Yupei Han Yang Xu Department of Chemistry University College London20 Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AJUK

With graphite currently leading as the most viable anode for potassium-ion batteries(KIBs),other materials have been left relatively *** metal oxides are among these,with many positive attributes such as synthetic maturity,longterm cycling stability and fast redox ***,to address this research deficiency we report herein a layered potassium titanium niobate KTiNbO5(KTNO)and its rGO nanocomposite(KTNO/rGO)synthesised via solvothermal methods as a high-performance anode for *** effective distribution across the electrically conductive rGO,the electrochemical performance of the KTNO nanoparticles was *** potassium storage performance of the KTNO/rGO was demonstrated by its first charge capacity of 128.1 mAh g^(−1) and reversible capacity of 97.5 mAh g^(−1) after 500 cycles at 20 mA g^(−1),retaining 76.1%of the initial capacity,with an exceptional rate performance of 54.2 mAh g^(−1)at 1 A g^(−1).Furthermore,to investigate the attributes of KTNO in-situ XRD was performed,indicating a low-strain ***-situ X-ray photoelectron spectra further investigated the mechanism of charge storage,with the titanium showing greater redox reversibility than the *** work suggests this lowstrain nature is a highly advantageous property and well worth regarding KTNO as a promising anode for future high-performance KIBs.

关键词： Potassium-ion batteries Intercalation Transition metal oxides Anodes Nanocomposite

A combined experimental and DEM investigation of grain interlocking in sheared granular assemblies

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 436-451页

作者： Rui Lu Qiang Luo Tengfei Wang David P.Connolly Tao Xie School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering(Southwest Jiaotong University) Ministry of EducationChengdu 610031China School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Department of Civil Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada

Compacted granular material,integral to geotechnical engineering,undergoes translation,rotation,and interlocking when subject to shear displacements or external *** present study focuses on the interlocking of heterogeneous granular materials,a complex behavior influenced by gradation,compaction,and varying particle geometry,and has consequently received limited attention in existing *** address this research gap,we conducted an analysis on the effect of grain interlocking on the shear resistance of granular assemblies,using a combination of laboratory testing and the discrete element method(DEM).Initially,large-scale direct shear tests were conducted on gravel−sand mixes with varying degrees of compaction and normal *** of the mixes also underwent subsequent shear reversal to explore the differences in grain interlocking between the two shearing processes on the shear *** analyzing the laboratory results,a mesoscopic scale investigation was performed by replicating the test using discrete element *** facilitate this,granular particle geometries were measured using 3D laser scanning based on the physical lab ***,based on these scans,discrete element R-block and ball models were utilized to construct both the coarse and fine particles within the *** vibro-compaction was employed to regulate the degree of *** results indicate that an increase in vertical pressure,coupled with a zero dilatancy angle,results in a rising stress ratio,indicative of grain *** interlocking exhibits a positive correlation with both the coarse content and the degree of compaction,and varies depending on the shear *** interlocking progresses,the shear band,induced by particle movement,expands and is associated with reduced particle rotation near the shear *** study further reveals a consistent positive correlation between interlocking and the principal orientation angle of strong normal c

关键词： Granular material Interlocking Shear resistance Direct shear Discrete element method Vibro-compaction

Nonlinear Rydberg exciton-polaritons in Cu2O microcavities

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 619-627页

作者： Maxim Makhonin Anthonin Delphan Kok Wee Song Paul Walker Tommi Isoniemi Peter Claronino Konstantinos Orfanakis Sai Kiran Rajendran Hamid Ohadi Julian Heckötter Marc Assmann Manfred Bayer Alexander Tartakovskii Maurice Skolnick Oleksandr Kyriienko Dmitry Krizhanovskii Department of Physics and Astronomy University of SheffieldSheffield S37RHUK. Department of Physics and Astronomy University of ExeterStocker RoadExeter EX44PYUK. SUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews KY169SSUK. Fakultät Physik TU DortmundAugust-Schmidt-Straße 444227 DortmundGermany

Rydberg excitons(analogues of Rydberg atoms in condensed matter systems)are highly excited bound electron-hole states with large Bohr *** interaction between them as well as exciton coupling to light may lead to strong optical nonlinearity,with applications in sensing and quantum information ***,we achieve strong effective photon–photon interactions(Kerr-like optical nonlinearity)via the Rydberg blockade phenomenon and the hybridisation of excitons and photons forming polaritons in a Cu2O-filled *** pulsed resonant excitation polariton resonance frequencies are renormalised due to the reduction of the photon-exciton coupling with increasing exciton *** analysis shows that the Rydberg blockade plays a major role in the experimentally observed scaling of the polariton nonlinearity coefficient as∝n4.4±1.8 for principal quantum numbers up to n=*** high principal quantum numbers studied in a polariton system for the first time are essential for realisation of high Rydberg optical nonlinearities,which paves the way towards quantum optical applications and fundamental studies of strongly correlated photonic(polaritonic)states in a solid state system.

关键词： density Rydberg polar

Hybrid Short-term Load Forecasting Method Based on Empirical Wavelet Transform and Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory Neural Networks

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第5期10卷 1216-1228页

作者： Xiaoyu Zhang Stefanie Kuenzel Nicolo Colombo Chris Watkins School of Artificial Intelligence Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Department of Electronic Engineering Royal HollowayUniversity of LondonEgham HillEgham TW20 OEXUK Department of Computer Science Royal HollowayUniversity of LondonEgham HillEgham TW200EXUK

Accurate short-term load forecasting is essential to modern power systems and smart grids. The utility can better implement demand-side management and operate power system stably with a reliable load forecasting system. The load demand contains a variety of different load components, and different loads operate with different frequencies. The conventional load forecasting methods, e.g., linear regression(LR), auto-regressive integrated moving average(ARIMA), deep neural network, ignore the frequency domain and can only use time-domain load demand as inputs. To make full use of both time-domain and frequency-domain features of the load demand, a load forecasting method based on hybrid empirical wavelet transform(EWT) and deep neural network is proposed in this paper. The proposed method first filters noises via wavelet-based denoising technique, and then decomposes the original load demand into several sub-layers to show the frequency features while the time-domain information is preserved as well. Then, a bidirectional long short-term memory(LSTM) method is trained for each sub-layer independently. In order to better tune the hyperparameters, a Bayesian hyperparameter optimization(BHO) algorithm is adopted in this paper. Three case studies are designed to evaluate the performance of the proposed *** the results, it is found that the proposed method improves the prediction accuracy compared with other load forecasting method.

关键词： Load forecasting empirical wavelet transform(EWT) recurrent neural network data denoising Bayesian hyperparameter optimization(BHO)

Experimental investigation and flow analysis of clear-water scour around pier and abutment in proximity

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Water Science and Engineering 2023年第1期16卷 94-105页

作者： Mohammad Saeed Fakhimjoo Abdollah Ardeshir Kourosh Behzadian Hojat Karami Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Amirkabir University of TechnologyTehran 15875-4413Iran School of Computing and Engineering University of West LondonLondon W55RFUK Department of Civil Engineering Semnan UniversitySemnan 35131-19111Iran

Local scour around bridge piers and abutments is one of the most significant causes of bridge *** a plethora of studies on scour around individual bridge piers or abutments,few studies have focused on the joint impact of a pier and an abutment in proximity to one another on *** study conducted laboratory experiments and flow analyses to examine the interaction of piers and abutments and their effect on clear-water *** experiments were conducted in a rectangular laboratory *** included 18 main tests(with a combination of different types of piers and abutments)and five control tests(with individual piers or abutments).Three pier types(a rectangular pier with a rounded edge,a group of three cylindrical piers,and a single cylindrical pier)and two abutment types(a wingewall abutment and a semicircular abutment)were *** acoustic Doppler velocimeter was used to measure the three-dimensional flow velocity for analyses of streamline,velocity magnitude,vertical velocity,and bed shear *** results showed that the velocity near the pier and abutment increased by up to 80%.The maximum scour depth around the abutment increased by up to 19%.In contrast,the maximum scour depth around the pier increased significantly by up to l71%.The presence of the pier in the vicinity of the abutment led to an increase in the scour hole volume by up to 87%relative to the case with a solitary *** equations were also derived to accurately estimate the maximum scour depth at the pier adjacent to the abutment.

关键词： Abutment ADV Bridge scour Laboratory experiment Maximum scour depth Pier

Metal-organic framework derived multi-functionalized and co-doped TiO_(2)/C nanocomposites for excellent visible-light photocatalysis

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第6期101卷 49-59页

作者： Mian Zahid Hussain Zhuxian Yang Ahmed M.E.Khalil Shahzad Hussain Saif Ullah Awan Quanli Jia Roland A.Fischer Yanqiu Zhu Yongde Xia College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeter EX44QFUnited Kingdom Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Centre Technical University of MunichGarching85748Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt Department of Physics COMSATS University Islamabad45550 Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Henan Key Laboratory of High Temperature Functional Ceramics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China

Multi-functionalized and co-doped TiO_(2)/C nanocomposites were derived from the pyrolysis of Ti-MOFs at 800℃under different gaseous atmospheres and their photocatalytic performance were *** gaseous atmosphere during pyrolysis plays a critical role in determining the structural,textural,optical and physicochemical properties of the derived TiO_(2)/C composites due to the synergistic effect of nitrogen-containing species,carboxylate and sulfur functionalized porous carbon as well as N/S co-doped TiO_(2)*** the Ti-MOFs derived TiO_(2)/C composites exclusively possess homogeneously distributed TiO_(2)nanoparticles in a functionalized disc-like porous carbon matrix and demonstrate much enhanced adsorption and photodegradation performance than commercial TiO_(2)under the same *** adsorption of methylene blue(MB)in dark on these TiO_(2)/C composites are dominated with pseudo second-order kinetic model and the high adsorption capacity of MB in dark on composite TiO_(2)/C derived from MIL-125(Ti)in argon is due to its high surface area with predominant mesoporous carbon matrix in the *** composite N-O-TiO_(2)/C derived from NH2-MIL-125(Ti)in water vapor exhibited the highest photodegradation activity with 99.7%MB removal in 3 h under visible light due to the optimal anatase/rutile phasejunction,together with the formation of photoactive oxygen-rich N-O like interstitial/intraband states above the valence band of TiO_(2),as well as the presence of N-containing species and-OH/-COOH multi-functional groups with superhydrophilic nature of the *** simple one-step and easily modifiable approach can be further employed to modulate homogeneously dispersed multi-functionalized and co-doped metal oxide/carbon nanocomposites for various environment and energy-related applications.

关键词： Nanocomposite MOF derivative TiO_(2) Porous carbon Photocatalysis

Chasing the mechanisms of ecologically adaptive salinity tolerance

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Plant Communications 2023年第6期4卷 1-21页

作者： Silvia Busoms Sina Fischer Levi Yant Plant Physiology Laboratory Bioscience FacultyUniversitat Auto`noma de BarcelonaBellaterraBarcelona E-08193Spain Future Food Beacon of Excellence University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK School of Biosciences University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK School of Life Sciences University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK

Plants adapted to challenging environments offer fascinating models of evolutionary change. Importantly,they also give information to meet our pressing need to develop resilient, low-input *** mounting environmental fluctuation—including temperature, rainfall, and soil salinity and degradation—this is more urgent than ever. Happily, solutions are hiding in plain sight: the adaptive mechanismsfrom natural adapted populations, once understood, can then be leveraged. Much recent insighthas come from the study of salinity, a widespread factor limiting productivity, with estimates of 20% ofall cultivated lands affected. This is an expanding problem, given increasing climate volatility, rising sealevels, and poor irrigation practices. We therefore highlight recent benchmark studies of ecologicallyadaptive salt tolerance in plants, assessing macro- and microevolutionary mechanisms, and therecently recognized role of ploidy and the microbiome on salinity adaptation. We synthesize insightspecifically on naturally evolved adaptive salt-tolerance mechanisms, as these works move substantiallybeyond traditional mutant or knockout studies, to show how evolution can nimbly ‘‘tweak’’ plantphysiology to optimize function. We then point to future directions to advance this field that intersectevolutionary biology, abiotic-stress tolerance, breeding, and molecular plant physiology.

关键词： adaptation salinity polyploidy microbiome evolution ecology

Thermal activation of Ti_((1-x))Au_((x))thin films with enhanced hardness and biocompatibility

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第9期7卷 426-445页

作者： Cecil Cherian Lukose Ioannis Anestopoulos Theodora Mantso Leon Bowen Mihalis I.Panayiotidis Martin Birkett Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering Northumbria UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK Department of Cancer Genetics Therapeutics&Ultrastructural PathologyThe Cyprus Institute of Neurology and GeneticsNicosiaCyprus The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and GeneticsNicosiaCyprus Department of Applied Sciences Northumbria UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK Department of Physics G.J.Russell Microscopy FacilityDurham UniversityDurhamUK

The lifetime of orthopaedic implants can be extended by coating the softer Ti6Al4V alloy with harder biocompatible thin *** this work,thin films of Ti_((1-x))Au_((x))are grown on Ti_(6)Al_(4)V and glass substrates by magnetron sputtering in the entire x=0-1 range,before their key biomechanical properties are performance tuned by thermal *** the first time,we explore the effect of in-situ substrate heating versus ex-situ post-deposition heat-treatment,on development of mechanical and biocompatibility performance in Ti-Au films.A~250% increase in hardness is achieved for Ti-Au films compared to bulk Ti6Al4V and a~40%improvement from 8.8 GPa as-grown to 11.9 and 12.3 GPa with in-situ and ex-situ heat-treatment respectively,is corelated to changes in structural,morphological and chemical properties,providing insights into the origins of super-hardness in the Ti rich regions of these materials.X-ray diffraction reveals that as-grown films are in nanocrystalline states of Ti-Au intermetallic phases and thermal activation leads to emergence of mechanically hard Ti-Au intermetallics,with films prepared by in-situ substrate heating having enhanced crystalline *** morphology images show clear changes in grain size,shape and surface roughness following thermal activation,while elemental analysis reveals that in-situ substrate heating is better for development of oxide free Ti3Auβ-*** tested Ti-Au films are non-cytotoxic against L929 mouse fibroblast cells,while extremely low leached ion concentrations confirm their *** peak hardness performance tuned to>12 GPa and excellent biocompatibility,Ti-Au films have potential as a future coating technology for load bearing medical implants.

关键词： Ti-Au thin film coating Hardness Biocompatible L929 mouse fibroblast Implants

Fluorinated Covalent Organic Frameworks Coupled with Molecular Cobalt Cocatalysts for Efficient Photocatalytic CO_(2)Reduction

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CCS Chemistry 2023年第10期5卷 2290-2300页

作者： Zhiwei Fu Chang Shu Xiaoyan Wang Linjiang Chen Xue Wang Lunjie Liu Kewei Wang Rob Clowes Samantha Y.Chong Xiaofeng Wu Andrew I.Cooper Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory University of LiverpoolLiverpool L73NY Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of EducationHubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service FailureSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430074 School of Chemistry and School of Computer Science University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TT leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design University of LiverpoolLiverpool L73NY Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi Datong UniversityDatong 037009

The combination of covalent organic framework(COF)photosensitizers with molecular cocatalysts is a promising avenue for photocatalytic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))***,a series of isostructural COFs was synthesized using linkers of different lengths,with or without partial *** COFs were investigated for photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction under visible-light irradiation when combined with cobalt(II)bipyridine complexes as a *** was found to enhance both CO_(2)affinity and catalytic activity,and a partially fluorinated COF,FBP-COF,achieved the highest CO_(2)-to-CO conversion efficiency,showing a carbon monoxide(CO)generation rate of 2.08 mmol h−1 g−1 and a 90%CO ***-COF also showed good stability under sacrificial conditions,generating CO for 50 h with a turnover number of *** activity is much higher than a homogeneous system using ruthenium bipyridine complexes as the photosensitizer combined with the same cobalt bipyridine complexes.

关键词： carbon dioxide conversion photocatalysis covalent organic frameworks fluorinated solar energy conversion