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Investigation of HO_(2) uptake mechanisms onto multiple-component ambient aerosols collected in summer and winter time in Yokohama,japan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 18-29页

作者： Jun Zhou Yukiko Fukusaki Kentaro Murano Tania Gautam Yu Bai Yoshimi Inomata Hiroaki Komatsu Mayuko Takeda Bin Yuan Min Shao Yosuke Sakamoto Yoshizumi Kajii Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation forEnvironmental Quality Guangzhou 511443China Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan Yokohama Environmental Science Research Institute Yokohama Kanagawa 221–0024Japan Department of Chemistry University of AlbertaAlbertaEdmonton T6G 2G2Canada Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Kanagawa Environmental Research Center Kanagawa 254-0014Japan Center for Regional Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental StudiesIbaraki305-8506Japan

The heterogeneous loss of HO_(2)radicals onto ambient aerosols plays an important role in tropospheric chemistry.However,sparse investigation of the dominating parameters controlling the HO_(2)uptake coefficients onto ambient aerosols(γHO_(2))has largely hindered the application of the measuredγHO_(2)to the global spatial prediction.Here we induced an offine method using LFP-LIF technique to measure the kinetics of HO_(2)uptake onto ambient aerosols collected in summertime and wintertime in Yokohama city,a regional urban site near Tokyo,japan.By controlling the dominating parameters which infuenceγHO_(2),we were able to investigate the detailed HO_(2)uptake mechanism.We characterized the chemical composition of the collected ambient aerosols,including organics,inorganics,transition metals ions,etc.and modeledγHO_(2)using different mechanisms.Results show thatγHO_(2)increased with the increase in RH,and the aerosol states(“dry”or wet/aqueous)have large effects onγHO_(2).With fixed RH and aerosol chemical composition,γHO_(2)was highly dependent on pH and inversely correlated with[HO_(2)]_0.By combing the measuredγHO_(2)values with the modeled ones,we found that both the HO_(2)self-reaction and transition metal-catalyzed reactions should be accounted for to yield a single parameterization to predictγHO_(2),and different chemical compositions may have collective effects onγHO_(2).Results may serve for extending theγHO_(2)values measured at one observation site to different environmental conditions,which will help us to achieve more accurate modeling results concerning secondary pollutant formation(i.e.,ozone).

关键词： HO_(2)uptake kinetics Offine method Impacting factors Mechanism

Addressing japan’s disposal of nuclear-contaminated water from the perspective of international human rights law

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2024年第1期22卷 1-9页

作者： Yen-Chiang Chang Xiaonan Zhao Law School Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China Institute for Bohai and Yellow Sea Studies Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China

The discharge of nuclear-contaminated water containing radionuclides into the ocean by japan will lead to its integration into the entire ecosystem through processes of circulation and biomagnification,eventually entering the human body via the food chain.This poses a substantial risk of irreversible damage to both the ecosystem and human health,a situation that will worsen with the ongoing discharge of such water.The respect and protection of human rights represent an international consensus,and safeguarding fundamental human rights is a substantial obligation that states must undertake in accordance with both international and domestic law.Since the Fukushima nuclear disaster,japan has continuously violated its international legal obligations to protect human rights in several areas,including the resettlement of disaster victims,the reduction of nuclear radiation levels,and the handling of contaminated water.Such actions have compromised and will continue to compromise the basic human rights of not only its citizens but also those of people worldwide,including environmental rights,the right to life,development rights,and food rights.In the aftermath of the Fukushima meltdown,the public and workers involved in handling nuclear contaminants have been continually exposed to high radiation levels,endangering their rights to life,development,and health.japan’s inadequate efforts in victim resettlement and environmental restoration have jeopardized the environmental and food rights of its citizens to live healthily and access food in an environment unaffected by nuclear radiation.The release of nuclear-contaminated water poses a risk of japan’s nuclear pollution to the people of neighboring countries and the global population at large.The principle of human rights underpins the theory of a community with a shared future for humanity,and human rights are a crucial area of China’s active participation in United Nations affairs and global governance.By voicing concerns over japan’s potential human rights violations glob

关键词： Fukushima nuclearcontaminated water Crimes against humanity Remedy for violations of human rights Right to environment Right to life

Shape Memory Effect and Actuation Property of Shape Memory Polymer Based Nanocomposites

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Shape Memory Effect and Actuation Property of Shape Memory P...

Quasi-periodic orbits of small solar sails with time-varying attitude around Earth–Moon libration points

第二届先进纺织材料及加工技术国际会议

作者： Qingqing Ni Li Zhang (Department of Functional Machinery and Mechanics Shinshu University Ueda-shi 386-8567 japan)

In this paper, carbon nanotube and fullerenol nanocomposites with the matrix of shape memory polymer （SMP） were developed and their shape memory properties, EMI SE and electric-field response at different electrical voltages were examined. The strain recovery ratio after the second cycle is more than 90% and tended to be constant 95% after more cycle numbers. This phenomenon is found and called as a training effect. It is clear that the recovery stress of CNT/SMP or fullerenol/SMP nanocomposites were much larger than that of SMP bulk, especially for the nanocomposites of 3.3wt% CNT and 0.3% fullerenol weight fraction. The electrical-field response under different DC voltages was also investigated and their actuation property was partly made clear. This will be helpful for the development of innovative actuators of polymer composites.

关键词： Shape memory polymer Shape memory effect Electrical-field response Actuator Nanocomposites

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 161-174页

作者： Toshihiro Chujo Department of Mechanical Engineering School of EngineeringTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo152-8550Japan

This paper proposes new quasi-periodic orbits around Earth–Moon collinear libration points using solar sails.By including the time-varying sail orientation in the linearized equations of motion for the circular restricted three-body problem(CR3BP),four types of quasi-periodic orbits(two types around L1 and two types around L2)were formulated.Among them,one type of orbit around L2 realizes a considerably small geometry variation while ensuring visibility from the Earth if(and only if)the sail acceleration due to solar radiation pressure is approximately of a certain magnitude,which is much smaller than that assumed in several previous studies.This means that only small solar sails can remain in the vicinity of L2 for a long time without propellant consumption.The orbits designed in the linearized CR3BP can be translated into nonlinear CR3BP and high-fidelity ephemeris models without losing geometrical characteristics.In this study,new quasi-periodic orbits are formulated,and their characteristics are discussed.Furthermore,their extendibility to higher-fidelity dynamic models was verified using numerical examples.

关键词： solar sail libration point orbit Earth-Moon system circular restricted three-body problem(CR3BP)

Electro-optic 3D snapshot of a laser wakefield accelerated kilo-ampere electron bunch

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 823-834页

作者： Kai Huang Zhan Jin Nobuhiko Nakani Tomonao Hosokai Masaki Kando Kansai Institute for Photon Science(KPSI) National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology(QST)KyotoJapan. Laser Accelerator R&D Innovative Light Sources DivisionRIKEN SPring-8 CenterHyogoJapan. SANKEN Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan

Laser wakefield acceleration,as an advanced accelerator concept,has attracted great attentions for its ultrahigh acceleration gradient and the capability to produce high brightness electron bunches.The three-dimensional(3D)density serves as an evaluation metric for the particle bunch quality and is intrinsically related to the applications of an accelerator.Despite its significance,this parameter has not been experimentally measured in the investigation of laser wakefield acceleration.We report on an electro-optic 3D snapshot of a laser wakefield electron bunch at a position outside the plasma.The 3D shape of the electron bunch was detected by simultaneously performing optical transition radiation imaging and electro-optic sampling.Detailed 3D structures to a few micrometer levels were reconstructed using a genetic algorithm.The electron bunch possessed a transverse size of less than 30 micrometers.The current profile shows a multi-peak structure.The main peak had a duration of1 kA.The maximum electron 3D number density was~9×10^(21)m^(-3).This research demonstrates a feasible way of 3D density monitoring on femtosecond kilo-ampere electron bunches,at any position of a beam transport line for relevant applications.

关键词： laser acceleration field

japanese Sign Language Recognition by Combining Joint Skeleton-Based Handcrafted and Pixel-Based Deep Learning Features with Machine Learning Classification

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 2605-2625页

作者： Jungpil Shin Md.Al Mehedi Hasan Abu Saleh Musa Miah Kota Suzuki Koki Hirooka School of Computer Science and Engineering The University of AizuAizuwakamatsu965-8580Japan Department of Computer Science&Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering&TechnologyRajshahi6204Bangladesh

Sign language recognition is vital for enhancing communication accessibility among the Deaf and hard-of-hearing communities.In japan,approximately 360,000 individualswith hearing and speech disabilities rely on japanese Sign Language(JSL)for communication.However,existing JSL recognition systems have faced significant performance limitations due to inherent complexities.In response to these challenges,we present a novel JSL recognition system that employs a strategic fusion approach,combining joint skeleton-based handcrafted features and pixel-based deep learning features.Our system incorporates two distinct streams:the first stream extracts crucial handcrafted features,emphasizing the capture of hand and body movements within JSL gestures.Simultaneously,a deep learning-based transfer learning stream captures hierarchical representations of JSL gestures in the second stream.Then,we concatenated the critical information of the first stream and the hierarchy of the second stream features to produce the multiple levels of the fusion features,aiming to create a comprehensive representation of the JSL gestures.After reducing the dimensionality of the feature,a feature selection approach and a kernel-based support vector machine(SVM)were used for the classification.To assess the effectiveness of our approach,we conducted extensive experiments on our Lab JSL dataset and a publicly available Arabic sign language(ArSL)dataset.Our results unequivocally demonstrate that our fusion approach significantly enhances JSL recognition accuracy and robustness compared to individual feature sets or traditional recognition methods.

关键词： japanese Sign Language(JSL) hand gesture recognition geometric feature distance feature angle feature GoogleNet

A preliminary study on rectal dose reduction associated with hyaluronic acid implantation in brachytherapy for prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 286-293页

作者： Tairo Kashihara Yuka Urago Hiroyuki Okamoto Mihiro Takemori Hiroki Nakayama Shohei Mikasa Tetsu Nakaichi Kotaro Iijima Takahito Chiba Junichi Kuwahara Satoshi Nakamura Weishan Chang Yoshiyuki Matsui Hiroshi Igaki Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital5-1-1 TsukijiChuo-kuTokyoJapan Radiation Safety and Quality Assurance Division National Cancer Center Hospital5-1-1 TsukijiChuo-kuTokyoJapan Department of Radiological Sciences Graduate School of Human Health SciencesTokyo Metropolitan University7-2-10 Higashi-OguArakawa-kuTokyoJapan Department of Radiological Technology National Cancer Center Hospital5-1-1 TsukijiChuo-kuTokyoJapan Department of Urological Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital5-1-1 TsukijiChuo-kuTokyoJapan

Objectives: Hydrogel spacer (HS) was developed to reduce rectal toxicities caused by radiotherapy, but has been reported to cause major adverse events. Our institute has attempted to introduce a hyaluronic acid (HA) as an alternative spacer. This study aimed to compare rectal doses and geometric distributions between the HS and HA implantation in prostate cancer.Methods: HS and HA were inserted in 20 and 18 patients undergoing high-dose brachytherapy, respectively. The rectum spacer volumes injected were 10 mL and 22 mL, respectively. In the treatment planning system, 13.5 Gy was administered with common catheter positions. The rectal dose indices were assessed between the spacer groups for dosimetry evaluation. Distances between the prostate and rectum and configurations of the spacers were compared.Results: The mean doses irradiated to 0.1 and 2 mL of the rectum were 10.45 Gy and 6.71 Gy for HS, and 6.73 Gy and 4.90 Gy for HA (p<0.001). The mean minimum distances between the prostate and rectum were 1.23 cm and 1.79 cm for HS and HA, respectively (p<0.05). Geometrical configuration comparisons revealed that HA has a higher ability to expand the space than HS.Conclusion: The rectal dose reduction ability of HA is significantly greater than that of HS, suggesting its potential as a new spacer.

关键词： Brachytherapy Hyaluronicacid Hydrogel Prostaticneoplasm Radiotherapy

Laser-assisted direct roller imprinting of large-area microstructured optical surfaces

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 257-266页

作者： Keisuke Nagato Ken Takahashi Yuki Yajima Masayuki Nakao Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8656Japan

In this study,a high-throughput fabrication method called laser-assisted direct roller imprinting(LADRI)was developed to lower the cost of nanoimprinting large-area polymer films and to address problems associated with nanoimprinting,namely,microstructural damage and precision in flatness of entire film.With LADRI,the laser directly heats the microstructured surface of the roller mold,which heats and melts the surface of a polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)film to replicate the microstructures on the mold rapidly.In this study,the effects of laser power density,scanning speed,size of the microstructures,and contact pressure on the replication speed were investigated experimentally.The replication speed increased as the power and scanning speed increased.However,because the film required heating until it filled the entire depth of the microstructure,an appropriate replication speed was necessary.This result was supported by simulation of the temperature distribution inside the mold and the PMMA using transient heat conduction analyses.To demonstrate the applications of LADRI,two different optical surfaces were replicated:an antireflection(AR)structure with conical structures sized several hundred nanometers and a lightextraction structure with a microlens array(MLA)comprising 10μm lenses,for display and illumination,respectively.The replication degree of the MLA was governed by the contact pressure.Polymer flow simulation indicated that the heat conduction and flow speeds of the melted PMMA surface were comparable within several tens of micrometers.In addition,the reflectivity of the AR structure decreased from 4 to 0.5%,and the light intensity of the light-extraction structure increased by a factor of 1.47.

关键词： microstructure roller conduction

Dynamic Hand Gesture-Based Person Identification Using Leap Motion and Machine Learning Approaches

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1205-1222页

作者： Jungpil Shin Md.AlMehedi Hasan Md.Maniruzzaman Taiki Watanabe Issei Jozume School of Computer Science and Engineering The University of AizuAizuwakamatsuFukushima965-8580Japan Department of Computer Science&Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering&TechnologyRajshahi6204Bangladesh

Person identification is one of the most vital tasks for network security. People are more concerned about theirsecurity due to traditional passwords becoming weaker or leaking in various attacks. In recent decades, fingerprintsand faces have been widely used for person identification, which has the risk of information leakage as a resultof reproducing fingers or faces by taking a snapshot. Recently, people have focused on creating an identifiablepattern, which will not be reproducible falsely by capturing psychological and behavioral information of a personusing vision and sensor-based techniques. In existing studies, most of the researchers used very complex patternsin this direction, which need special training and attention to remember the patterns and failed to capturethe psychological and behavioral information of a person properly. To overcome these problems, this researchdevised a novel dynamic hand gesture-based person identification system using a Leap Motion sensor. Thisstudy developed two hand gesture-based pattern datasets for performing the experiments, which contained morethan 500 samples, collected from 25 subjects. Various static and dynamic features were extracted from the handgeometry. Randomforest was used to measure feature importance using the Gini Index. Finally, the support vectormachinewas implemented for person identification and evaluate its performance using identification accuracy. Theexperimental results showed that the proposed system produced an identification accuracy of 99.8% for arbitraryhand gesture-based patterns and 99.6% for the same dynamic hand gesture-based patterns. This result indicatedthat the proposed system can be used for person identification in the field of security.

关键词： Person identification leap motion hand gesture random forest support vector machine